Main Practices and Future Development of the Green Food Cane Sugar Industry in Guangxi

The present situation of sugarcane production in Guangxi was introduced.The main practices of Guangxi green food cane sugar industry development were overviewed in terms of the green production for improving quality of sugarcane in Guangxi,green mechanism and joint development,block management for ensuring quality,green recycling and turning waste into treasure,building double-high bases for improving quality and increasing quantity,and sustainable development and thoroughly implementation by taking up residence.Prospects for the future development of the green food cane sugar industry in Guangxi were put forward.

Physico-Chemical and Organoleptic Quality of Madurese Spicy Dried Beef Prepared with Different Concentrations of Cooking Salt and Cane Sugar

Madurese s;picy dried beef is an indegenious sun dried meat incorporating cooking salt, cane sugar and spices and have not been explored scientifically. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of different concentrations of cooking salt and cane sugar on physico-chemical and organoleptic quality of Madurese spicy dried beef. Randomized Block Design with two factors namely concentration of cooking salt （1%, 2% and 3% w/w） and cane sugar （3%, 6% and 9% w/w）, and three replications were used in this study. The increasing amount of either cooking salt and cane sugar incorporated during preparation affected the samples salt, total sugar and moisture contents as well as it＇s aw value and texture of end products. From the organoleptic properties it was found that these treatments only affected the taste of spicy dried beef. Best sample was obtained from incorporating 3% cooking salt and 6% cane sugar with moisture content： 7.11%, aw： 0.354, salt content： 8.17%, total sugar content： 16.91%, texture： 0.0107 kiloNewton and panelists scores tbr texture 5.03; taste 4.53 and colour 5.31. Amino acids profile analysis of best sample showed that the most dominant amino acid was Glutamic acid （7.34%） followed by Aspartic acid （4.15%）, Lysine （3.30%） and Leucine （3.22%）. It can be concluded that to get the best spicy dried beef, the amount of 3% cooking salt and 6% cane sugar should be incorporated during preparation.

Thermodynamic Characterization of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>Catalyzed Fermentation of Cane Sugar

The rate of cane sugar fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied at temperatures between 30°C and 42°C in order to characterize the process using thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy (ΔH*), activation energy (ΔE*), entropy (ΔS*), Gibbs free energy (ΔG*) and equilibrium constant (K). The parameters were evaluated on the basis of a consideration of Arrhenius, Eyring and Van’t Hoff’s equations. The results obtained are ΔH*, 91.85 KJ·mol-1;ΔE*, 91.85 KJ·mol-1, ΔS*, 2763 J·mol-1K-1;ΔG*, -762.09 KJ·mol-1, and equilibrium constant, K, 1.34 dm3·mol-1. These values were subsequently used to obtain by calculation the rate constant of the fermentation k, 1.43 × 1011 min-1, Arrhenius constant A (pre-exponential or frequency factor), 4.79 × 1026 min-1, orientation parameter, P, 4.48 × 1015 and the collision frequency Z, 1.07 × 1011 min-1. Finally the fermentation efficiency calculated on the basis of a complete combustion of glucose is 377.8%. The results showed that though the fermentation process is kinetically controlled, it is suggested that the positive impact of the feasible thermodynamics is limited by other process variables.

A Kinetic Study of the Fermentation of Cane Sugar Using <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

The fermentation of cane sugar as substrate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (enzyme) was critically investigated to obtain certain useful kinetic parameters and to determine the effect of temperature, pH, substrate and yeast (enzyme) concentration on the rate of fermentation. The results indicate that the rate of fermentation (measured as rate of production of CO2) increased in proportion with temperature (optimum 32°C?-?36°C), pH (optimum 5.5) substrate (optimum 50?v/v%) and yeast concentration (optimum 3.5?-?4.5?w/v%) up to a limit and subsisted?either as a plateau and/or, decreases as the case may be. This suggests that the reaction takes place in two steps. The kinetic parameters examined are maximum rate of reaction Vmax (2.0?×?102 M·min-1), catalytic constant, k2 (1.81?×?10-1 min-1), overall rate constant, k (1.53?×?101 min-1),?order of initial reaction (approx. first order),?dissociation constant of enzyme-substrate complex, ks (2.74?×?103),?Michaelis constant, km (2.74?×?103 M),?and the specific activity of enzyme on substrate concentration (1?×?10-1 w/v%). The result of this study showed that the equilibrium step involving k-1/k1 is the limiting step deciding the direction of reaction as well as the specific activity of the enzyme.

Is Cane Sugar Production for Biofuel a Good Practice in Semi-Arid Systems? A Special Reference to the Olifants River Catchment, Mpumalanga, South Africa

The aim of this paper is to analyse the possible impacts of proposed biofuel production at Hoedspruit in the Olifants River Catchment. These impacts are looked at in terms of availability of water and subsequent consequences on downstream users, especially the Kruger National Park that is mandated to conserve and protect biodiversity in all facets and fluxes in its area of jurisdiction. Based upon a review of experiences with biofuel production and impacts around the world, water availability for sugar cane production to support proposed biofuel production was found to be a problem in the region that has an average rainfall of only 450 mmper annum. The Olifants River system already has a deficit of about 200 million m3/a;hence the sustainability of the sugar cane based biofuel industry in the proposed area is questioned in this review. It is advised that alternative plants for the production of biofuel that may not consume large quantities of water be examined.

Composite Panels from the Combination of Rice Husk and Wood Chips with a Natural Resin Based on Tannins Reinforced with Sugar Cane Molasses Intended for Building Insulation: Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties

The objective of this work is to develop new biosourced insulating composites from rice husks and wood chips that can be used in the building sector. It appears from the properties of the precursors that rice chips and husks are materials which can have good thermal conductivity and therefore the combination of these precursors could make it possible to obtain panels with good insulating properties. With regard to environmental and climatic constraints, the composite panels formulated at various rates were tested and the physico-mechanical and thermal properties showed that it was essential to add a crosslinker in order to increase certain solicitation. an incorporation rate of 12% to 30% made it possible to obtain panels with low thermal conductivity, a low surface water absorption capacity and which gives the composite good thermal insulation and will find many applications in the construction and real estate sector. Finally, new solutions to improve the fire reaction of the insulation panels are tested which allows to identify suitable solutions for the developed composites. In view of the flame tests, the panels obtained are good and can effectively combat fire safety in public buildings.

Comparison of blood glucose responses by cane sugar(Saccharum offi cinarum)versus coconut jaggery(Cocos nucifera)in type 2 diabetes patients

Type 2 diabetic mellitus is a predominant metabolic disorder that has a direct impact on human health.Although scientific data are deficit,coconut jaggery has been suggested as a better alternative for cane sugar by some individuals.This study was conducted to assess the credibility of this claim.Coconut jaggery was prepared at Coconut Research Institute,Sri Lanka and nutritional composition of coconut jaggery was compared with cane sugar using standard methods.Significantly higher(P<0.05)moisture(8.92±0.22)%,ash(2.09±0.33)%,protein(1.91±0.28)%,fat(0.14±0.02)%and fiber(0.05±0.03)%contents were observed in coconut jaggery compared to cane sugar.The total starch and total sugar content of the coconut jaggery was significantly(P<0.05)lower than that of the cane sugar.Forty-three patients(Male:16,Female:27)with type 2 diabetes from the Endocrinology unit,National Hospital Colombo,Sri Lanka were voluntarily engaged in the study,subjected to an initial health screening.Then,determination of postprandial blood glucose responses after intake of the standard(glucose),cane sugar and coconut jaggery.Average age of the selected group was(48.19±7.95)years and they were all overweight(BMI>23.0).The mean fasting blood glucose level and HbA1c of the subjects were(149.05±54.88)mg/dL and(9.170±2.022)%,respectively.There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in peak blood glucose concentrations or incremental area under the curve in blood glucose response of two test food.Therefore,coconut jaggery cannot be considered as a healthy substitute for cane sugar in type 2 diabetic patients.

Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses in Sugarcane Genotypes of Ethiopia

To study the relations of certain morphological and sugar quality characters with sugarcane yield, an experiment was conducted at Wonji and Metehara Sugar Estates, Ethiopia between March 2012 and October 2013. The experiment, comprising of 400 sugarcane genotypes of which 174 were local that were collected from different regional states of Ethiopia and 226 introduced, was laid out in partial balanced lattice design with two replications. Data was collected on cane yield and its components, sugar yield and sugar quality traits. ANOVA, correlation and path coefficient analysis were done. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P < 0.01) for all the characters studied. Cane yield showed strong positive and highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation with millable cane number (r = 0.832), single cane weight (r = 0.528), stalk height (r = 0.517) and sugar yield (r = 0.987). There was also positive significant (P = 0.05) correlation of tiller count and cane diameter with cane yield. Path analysis revealed the highest positive direct effect of millable cane number (0.812) on cane yield followed by single cane weight (0.682) and pol percent (0.550). However, stalk diameter and brix percent had considerable negative direct effects and indirect positive effects through single cane weight on cane yield. Therefore, in view of their significant positive association with cane yield, indirect effects of stalk diameter and brix percent via single cane weight should be considered during selection. Genotypes should be selected on the basis of millable cane number, single cane weight and pol percent for getting higher cane and sugar yield.

Yields of Polyhydroxyalkanoates （PHAs） during Batch Fermentation of Sugar Cane Juice by Alcaligenes latus and Alcaligenes eutrophus

In this work, sugar cane juice was fermented to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates （PHAs） by Alcaligenes latus TISTR 1403 and A. eutrophus TISTR 1095. The juice was characterized and composed of total sugars 105.5 g·L^-1 （sucrose 36.6g·L^-1 , fructose 26.0g·L^-1 , glucose 21.8g·L^-1 and other sugars 21.1g·L^-1 ）. Each inoculums （ 10%, v/v） was separately cultivated in the medium containing 20g·L^-1 total sugars under condition （30℃, 200 rpm, pH 6.5-7）. It was found that the A. eutrophus can be grown better than the A. latus. Only the A. eutrophus was further cultured under different total sugar concentrations （20, 30, 40 and 50g·L^-1 ）. The optimal contents of total sugar, dry cell mass （DCM） and maximum PHAs were obtained at 50g·L^-1 , 6.013g·L^-1 and 1.84g·L^-1 , respectively after 60 h fermentation which were converted to biomass yield （Yx/s）, product yield （Yp/5）, specific product yield （Yp/x） and productivity of 0.163, 0.05, 0.306 and 0.031 g.Llhl. Large scale of PHAs production was conducted in 5 L fermentor using the optimal condition obtained under 30% dissolved oxygen. The DCM and the maximum PHAs were 5.881g·L^-1 and 1.281g·L^-1 which were calculated to values of Yx/s, Yp/s, Yp/x and productivity at 0.19, 0.04, 0.218 and 0.021g·L^-1 , respectively.

Climate Superiority of Sugar Cane Planting in Longzhou County of Guangxi

According to meteorological conditions for sugar cane growth and development,surface meteorological observation data of Longzhou County in 1981-2010 were taken as basis,to analyze influence of local temperature,precipitation and sunshine conditions on sugar cane planting.Results show that unique climate of Longzhou County is extremely suitable for sugar cane planting and growth.

Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from sugar cane juice and production of lactic acid from selected improved strains

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fresh sugar cane juice. It was found that several isolates exhibited a clear zone and growth on deMan, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) agar supplemented with sodium azide, bromocresol purple and sucrose. However, only 17 isolates which formed large yellow areas were selected for further investigations. These isolates were further identified according to their morphological and biochemical characteristics. It was found that 10 of these isolates were homofermenters. One of these 10 isolates was selected for mutagenesis using chemical (Ethidium bromide) and physical (UV-B) mutagens followed by biochemical characterisation. A total of 112 mutants were isolated and 9 homofermentative isolates were further investigated for their ability to produce lactic acid. 1H-NMR spectroscopy confirmed that all mutant isolates produced lactic acid as the sole fermentation product.

The Effect of Silane Treated Sugar Cane Bagasse on Mechanical, Thermal and Crystallization Studies of Recycled Polypropylene

This article describes the results of an investigation on the influence of loading silane treated sugar cane bagasse (SB) on the morphology and properties of recycled polypropylene (rPP). The samples are prepared through melt extrusion followed by injection moulding. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that SB-rPP composites have a fairly strong interfacial interaction and a change in crystallization for the highest containing SB composite, however, some fibre pull-outs are observed as the SB content is increased. The interaction influences the thermal and mechanical properties of the samples in a complex way. There are strong indications of a stronger interfacial interaction on the highest containing SB composite, which is supposedly accountable for the increased crystallinity and melting temperature.

Cyclone as a Sugar Cane Bagasse Dryer

Drying of sugar cane bagasse was theoretically and experimentally studied ina cyclone. The experiments were carried out using hot air as drying agent. The influence of thecyclone conical part was studied. It was shown that the conical part has a great influence on theparticle residence time and, consequently, on moisture reduction. Experimental results were alikeindustrial ones. CFX 4.4 from AEA Technology was used to simulate some experiments. Simulated andexperimental results were close and showed that the presented model leads to a good prediction.

Herbicidal Activity of Chlorimuron-ethyl （107 g/kg） Associated with Metribuzin （643 g/kg） on Sugar Cane Weeds and Its Effects on Soil Agrochemical Properties, in Burkina Faso

The efficiency and selectivity of chlorimuron-ethyl （107 g/kg） associated with metribuzin （643 g/kg）, against weeds which causes big damages to sugar cane, have been studied on the sugar cane field of Beregadougou. The experimental design was a Latin rectangle with eight treatments in four replications including an untreated control, manual weeding, a control product （Trifloxysulfuron-sdium 1.85% ＋ Ametryn 73.15%） and five rates of chlorimuron-ethyl associated with metribuzin. Weeds counting and weighing their dry biomass have been done using 0.25 m2 quadrants to determine their biological efficiencies. The soil nitrogen nitrate and assimilable phosphorus contents were evaluated on a spectrophotometer, those of available potassium on a flame photometer. The biological efficiency coefficients of this herbicide, varied from 12.41% to 100%, according to their dry biomass. High rates, phytotoxics, showed the best coefficients. At the sugar cane complete maturation, the higher rates of imposter led to an accumulation of nitrogen nitrate content and lower available phosphorus and potassium contents, compared to the untreated control. The rate of 1.20 kg/ha became the dose to apply against weeds and less toxic to the soil.

The Fertilizer-Effect on Al, Ba, Fe, Mn and Ni Released in a Watershed with Influence of Sugar Cane Crops in the S&#227;o Paulo State, Brazil

S?o Paulo State is the main sugar cane producer and these agricultural activities are carried out in predominantly sandy soils, which require large amounts of phosphate fertilizers and amendments. This work evaluated the fertilizer-effect on the Al, Ba, Fe, Mn and Ni released in a watershed with influence of sugar cane crops in the S?o Paulo State, Brazil, namely the Monjolo Grande Stream basin. Five surface water sampling campaigns were carried out at the mouth of Monjolo Grande Stream in February, April, June, September and November 2010, characterizing the following parameters: discharge, pH, temperature, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen and total and dissolved concentrations of Al, Ba, Fe, Mn and Ni. Approximately 99% of Al and Fe are transported annually in association with suspended sediments carried to the Monjolo Grande Stream by sheet erosion. The results also demonstrated that the increasing Al, Ba, Fe and Mn concentrations dissolved in the waters of the Monjolo Grande Stream basin in the wet season are associated to phosphate fertilizers and amendments that are used extensively in agrichemical activities. However, with the current application rates, there has been no increase in the dissolved concentrations of these metals at levels that could pose risks to human health.

Adsorption Isotherm of BET Nitrogen of Concretes with Consolidated Soil by Sugar Cane Molasses

Sugar cane molasses is often poured out on roads with soil in the city of Nkayi,Republic of Congo in order to reduce the dust.Nitrogen physical adsorption has allowed us to collect information on the state of the accessible total area according to the quantity of sugar cane molasses.The adsorption isotherms,the specific area,the adsorbed quantity of nitrogen on a Qm mono layer,the number of molecules constituting the adsorbed sugar cane molasses(n′)have been examined.The obtained results show that the quantity of sugar cane molasses in the material does not modify the adsorption isotherm of nitrogen of type IV that remains and a hysteria loop of type H4 in all samples,this justifies the monocoat-multicoat adsorption mechanism with capillary condensation and mesopores presence in the structure of materials.Materials with elaborated raw soil by clayey fine soil used are mesoporous materials.More of 50×1018 molecules constituting sugar cane molasses occupy the extreme area accessible to soil clay,without occupying on accessible sites.

Elemental Composition of PM_2.5in Araraquara City (Southeast Brazil) during Seasons with and without Sugar Cane Burning

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5), present in polluted air, has been associated with a large spectrum of health impairments, mainly because of its deep deposition into the lungs. Araraquara City (Southeast Brazil) is surrounded by sugar-cane plantations, which are burned to facilitate the harvesting;this process causes environmental pollution due to the large amounts of soot that are released into the atmosphere. In this work, the elemental composition of PM2.5 was studied in two scenarios, namely in sugar-cane harvesting (HV) and in non-harvesting (NHV) seasons. The sampling strategy included one campaign in each season. PM2.5 was collected using a dichotomous sampler (10 L·min-1, 24 h) with PTFE filters. Information concerning the bulk elemental concentration was provided by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Enrichment factor analysis indicated that S, Cl, K, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were highly enriched relative to their crustal ratios (to Al). Principal component analysis was used to get some insight about the sources of the elements. Principal component 1 (PC1) explained 30.5% of data variance. The elements that had high loading (>0.7) were: S, Cr, As, and Pb;these are associated with combustion of fossil fuels. In principal component 2 (PC2), Cl, Cu, Zn, and Cd showed high loadings;these elements are associated with biomass burning. The Ni concentration found is three times larger than the threshold of risk for lung cancer, as recommended by the World Health Organization.

Microstructure of Fine Clay Soils Stabilized with Sugarcane Molasses

Sugar cane molasses has proved cohesive and excellent performance on soil aggregates (fine particles). However, the microstructure of consolidated soil by the molasses is not yet subjected to research. The analysis results of sample without molasses (0%) and consolidated samples at 8%, 12%, and 16% show that the molasses acts on the structure of clayey fine soil developing its microstructure of airy matrix type (sample without molasses (0%) to a microstructure of a qualified type, more solid. Consolidated samples to 8%, 12%, 16% of molasses). We also observe the presence of inter-aggregate pores (mesopores) of similar size in all samples. The results of porosimetrical analyses (BJH) of the sample without molasses and consolidated samples to 8%, 12%, and 16% show that simultaneous porous volumes of samples are reduced with the increasing of molasses quantity. This latter, therefore, acts on the porous volume (micropore 2 nm and mesopore 9 nm) by reducing them which really means, molasses occupies the porous volume of the sample. However, this sample seems not to have any effect on the size of mesopores 9 nm. Thus, this product induces the evolution of the soil structure towards the highly dense and condensed structure. Consequently, materials in consolidated soil by molasses will have mechanical properties far superior to those of materials consolidated soil without molasses.

缅甸甘蔗(蔗糖)产业发展现状及与中国合作展望

【目的】为全方位了解缅甸甘蔗(蔗糖)产业发展现状,【方法】运用缅甸统计年鉴、联合国粮农组织数据库、世界毒品报告的甘蔗种植规模数据和东盟数据库、UN商品贸易数据库的贸易数据,基于生产集中度、区域比较优势指数和贸易竞争优势指数对缅甸甘蔗生产、贸易状况进行分析。【结果】生产方面,缅甸蔗区集中至缅甸北部,实皆省、掸邦、勃固省和曼德勒省是缅甸甘蔗生产前四的省份;缅甸甘蔗单产与中国平均、全球平均和全球最高单产均存在很大程度上的差距;掸邦、实皆省、内比都的甘蔗综合生产优势指数均为强绝对优势指数。贸易方面,蔗糖是缅甸甘蔗及其产品贸易的主要类型,且以进口贸易为主;缅甸甘蔗和蔗糖出口的第一目的地国家一直是中国,蔗糖的进口来源国家主要是泰国和印度;缅甸甘蔗和蔗糖对中国均具极强竞争优势。【结论】进一步加强中-缅甘蔗科技的合作研究和推广,在中-缅跨境地区进行产业化开发示范,加强扶持发展甘蔗替代种植项目。

双液压马达驱动的甘蔗根切器刀盘转速同步控制方法

为简化双刀盘甘蔗根切器的传动链,提高传动系统对时变载荷的适应性,该研究提出用双液压马达直接驱动双刀盘,并将电液比例负载敏感技术应用于根切器的传动方案,通过建模仿真和试验探究双刀盘同步精度的控制方法。建立根切器电液比例阀控马达闭环速度控制系统的传递函数,分析得到该系统的稳定裕度仅为16.5°,因此需要采用合适的控制算法提高系统的稳定性和控制精度。基于AMESim-MATLAB联合仿真,研究采用主从控制策略,主马达为PID控制,从马达分别采用PID、自适应模糊PID和滑模变结构控制算法时系统的稳定性和刀盘转速的控制精度。仿真结果为:不同控制算法下马达开启过程转速的动态调整时间分别为5.5、3.0、2.7 s,稳态阶段两个液压马达的速度差分别为20、8、5 r/min;最后搭建试验台,以实测载荷谱为负载输入,进行主从马达转速同步控制试验,得到PID、自适应模糊PID和滑模变结构控制系统启动阶段转速的动态调整时间分别为6.3、4.6、3.7 s,稳态阶段主从马达的转速差分别为47、23、13 r/min;仿真与试验结果均表明,基于滑模变结构算法的刀盘转速同步控制系统的各项指标均优于PID和自适应模糊PID控制。研究结果可为甘蔗收割机根切器传动与控制系统的优化设计提供理论参考。