A Simple Factor in Canonical Quantization Yields Affine Quantization Even for Quantum Gravity

Canonical quantization (CQ) is built around [Q, P] = iħ1l , while affine quantization (AQ) is built around [Q,D] = iħQ, where D ≡ (PQ +QP) / 2 . The basic CQ operators must fit -∞ < P, Q < ∞ , while the basic AQ operators can fit -∞ < P < ∞ and 0 < Q < ∞ , -∞ < Q < 0 , or even -∞ < Q ≠ 0 < ∞ . AQ can also be the key to quantum gravity, as our simple outline demonstrates.

Using a Toy Model to Improve the Quantization of Gravity and Field Theories

A half-harmonic oscillator, which gets its name because the position coordinate is strictly positive, has been quantized and determined that it was a physically correct quantization. This positive result was found using affine quantization (AQ). The main purpose of this paper is to compare results of this new quantization procedure with those of canonical quantization (CQ). Using Ashtekar-like classical variables and CQ, we quantize the same toy model. While these two quantizations lead to different results, they both would reduce to the same classical Hamiltonian if &hstrok;→ 0. Since these two quantizations have differing results, only one of the quantizations can be physically correct. Two brief sections also illustrate how AQ can correctly help quantum gravity and the quantization of most field theory problems.

Solving Major Problems Using Vector Affine Quantization

Affine quantization is a parallel procedure to canonical quantization, which is ideally suited to deal with special problems. Vector affine quantization introduces multiple degrees of freedom which find that working together creates novel tools suitable to eliminate typical difficulties encountered in more conventional approaches.

A New Proposal for Black Holes

The understanding of what a black hole is like is not easy and may not yet be well understood. The introduction of canonical quantization into the issue has not been significant to our understanding. However, introducing affine quantization, a new procedure, offers a very unusual expression that seems to be plausible, and quite profound as well.

Quantum Physics Has a New, and Remarkable, Expansion

Canonical quantization has taught us great things. A common example is that of the harmonic oscillator, which is like swinging a ball on a string back and forth. However, the half-harmonic oscillator blocks the ball at the bottom and then it quickly bounces backwards. This second model cannot be correctly solved using canonical quantization. Now, there is an expansion of quantization, called affine quantization, that can correctly solve the half-harmonic oscillator, and offers correct solutions to a grand collection of other problems, which even reaches to field theory and gravity. This paper has been designed to introduce affine quantization: what it is, and what it can do.

The Particle in a Box Warrants an Examination

The particle in a box is a simple model that has a classical Hamiltonian H = p2 (using 2m = 1), with a limited coordinate space, -b q b, where 0 b < ∞. Using canonical quantization, this example has been fully studied thanks to its simplicity, and it is a common example for beginners to understand. Despite its repeated analysis, there is a feature that puts the past results into question. In addition to pointing out the quantization issue, the procedures of affine quantization can lead to a proper quantization that necessarily points toward more complicated eigenfunctions and eigenvalues, which deserve to be solved.

Evidence for Expanding Quantum Field Theory

Present day Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is founded on canonical quantization, which has served quite well but also has led to several issues. The free field describing a free particle (with no interaction term) can suddenly become nonrenormalizable the instant a suitable interaction term appears. For example, using canonical quantization , has been deemed a “free” theory with no difference from a truly free field [1] [2]. Using the same model, affine quantization has led to a truly interacting theory [3]. This fact alone asserts that canonical and affine tools of quantization deserve to be open to their procedures together as a significant enlargement of QFT.

On the Quantum Mechanical Treatment of the Bateman-Morse-Feshbach Damped Oscillator with Variable Mass

The harmonic oscillator with time-dependent (indefinite and variable) mass subject to the force proportional to velocity is studied by extending Bateman’s dual Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism. To study the quantum analog of such a dissipative system, the Batemann-Morse-Feshback classical Hamiltonian of the damped harmonic oscillator with varying (time-dependent) mass is canonically quantized. In order to discuss the stability of the quantum dissipative system due to the influence of varying mass and the dissipative force, we derived a formula for the vacuum state of the dissipative system with the help of quantum field theoretical framework. It is shown that the formula based on this simple model could be used to study the influence of dissipation such as the instability due to the dissipative force and/or the variable mass. It is understood that the change in the oscillator mass corresponds to a control parameter in quantum dissipative systems.

Let Loop Quantum Gravity and Affine Quantum Gravity Examine Each Other

Loop Quantum Gravity is widely developed using canonical quantization in an effort to find the correct quantization for gravity. Affine quantization, which is like canonical quantization augmented and bounded in one orientation, e.g., a strictly positive coordinate. We open discussion using canonical and affine quantizations for two simple problems so each procedure can be understood. That analysis opens a modest treatment of quantum gravity gleaned from some typical features that exhibit the profound differences between aspects of seeking the quantum treatment of Einstein’s gravity.

Quantum Field Theory Deserves Extra Help

Today's quantum field theory (QFT) relies heavenly on canonical quantization (CQ), which fails for φ44 leading only to a “free” result. Affine quantization (AQ), an alternative quantization procedure, leads to a “non-free” result for the same model. Perhaps adding AQ to CQ can improve the quantization of a wide class of problems in QFT.

Nonexistence of quantum black and white hole horizons in an improved dynamic approach

In this paper,we study the quantum geometric effects near the locations where classical black hole horizons used to appear in Einstein's classical theory,within the framework of an improved dynamic approach,in which the internal region of a black hole is modeled by the Kantowski-Sachs(KS)spacetime and the two polymerization parameters are functions of the phase space variables.Our detailed analysis shows that the effects are so strong that black and white hole horizons of the effective quantum theory do not exist at all and instead are replaced by transition surfaces,across which the metric coefficients and their inverses are smooth and remain finite,as are the corresponding curvatures,including the Kretschmann scalar.These surfaces always separate trapped regions from anti-trapped regions.The number of such surfaces is infinite,so the corresponding KS spacetimes become geodesically complete,and no black and white hole-like structures exist in this scheme.