Simulation Research of Transient Over-voltage on High-voltage Shunt Capacitor Banks

With the development of power systems,a large number of shunt capacitors are used to improve power quality in the distribution network.The shunt capacitor banks are operated much frequently,as a result,the capacitor banks will bear large numbers of over-voltage inevitably.If the over-voltage exceeds certain amplitude,the capacitor will be damaged.This paper aims at the capacitor banks in the 35 kV side of Shanghai Xu-xing 500 kV substation,and applies ATP-EMTP to simulate the over-voltages generated by operating the switches under different angles of the source.Finally,according to the results of simulation and theoretical analysis,a best choice(i.e.angles of the source) to switch on capacitor banks is proposed.In this case the over-voltage on the capacitor will be limited to lowest.

Effect of Switching Devices on Power Quality and Transient Voltage Suppression Using Capacitor Bank Model

The main purpose of the electrical power system is to transport and distribute energy generated by the central power plants in a safe and reliable manner to the customer premises. Most of the electrical equipment is exposed within the open which suggests they can be vulnerable to lightning strikes, road dwindling, windstorms, and a few engineering activities with the potential of causing different degrees of damage to the electrical equipment. One of the ways to guard the equipment is to deploy switching devices. However, the operations of most of these switching devices produce oscillatory transient in the electrical transmission and distribution systems which result in voltage, current, and frequency fluctuations in the load. This paper investigates the effect of switching devices on power quality and proposes a positive sequence voltage power transient suppression technique that can spontaneously improve the distorted voltage at the instant of capacitor switching using the capacitor line model as a case study. MATLAB/Simulink software was utilized for the analysis on an electrical network model with bus voltages of 69 kV/12.47 kV and 480 V. The results showed that, during switching operations, the positive sequence voltage power detector block produces ripple-free accurate results.

Optimum Simultaneous Allocation of Renewable Energy DG and Capacitor Banks in Radial Distribution Network

Nowadays the optimal allocation of distributed generation (DG) in the distribution network becomes the popular research area in restructuring of power system. The capacitor banks introduced in the distribution networks for reactive power compensation also have the capacity to minimize the real and reactive power losses occurred in the system. Hence, this research integrates the allocation of renewable energy DG and capacitor banks in the radial distribution network to minimize the real power loss occurred in the system. A two-stage methodology is used for simultaneous allocation of renewable DG and capacitor banks. The optimum location of renewable energy DG and capacitor banks is determined using the distributed generation sitting index (DGSI) ranking method and the optimum sizing of DG and capacitor banks is found out for simultaneous placement using weight improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (WIPSO) and self adaptive differential evolution algorithm (SADE). This two-stage methodology reduces the burden of SADE and WIPSO algorithm, by using the DGSI index in determining the optimal location. Hence the computational time gets reduced which makes them suitable for online applications. By using the above methodology, a comprehensive performance analysis is done on IEEE 33 bus and 69 bus RDNs and the results are discussed in detail.

Power Quality Improvement of Distribution Network Using BESS and Capacitor Bank

The power demand around the world is increasing rapidly.The aging distribution network architectures are used by the existing utility companies to deliver power to the consumers,which significantly affects the reliability,stability and quality of the delivered power.Different techniques such as compensation devices have been used by power system engineers and researchers to maintain the quality of power transmitted to end users.In this paper,wattage and volt-amp reactive(VAR)planning scheme has been proposed by using the combination of battery energy storage systems(BESS)and compensators to deal with the vulnerability of networks to voltage drop and system inefficiency.The cost-effective combination of BESS and shunt capacitor bank will then be analyzed to indicate the benefit of the proposed scheme.

基于双电容器耦合和线性补偿的高稳定度平顶脉冲强磁场调控系统分析与设计

平顶脉冲磁场具备脉冲磁场强度高和稳态磁场稳定度高的双重优势,是现代物理科学研究的重要工具。为满足脉冲场核磁共振、I-V测量等科学实验对平顶脉冲磁场高稳定度的需求,该文提出基于双电容器回路耦合放电和线性补偿的平顶磁场调控方案。为此,理论分析双电容器回路耦合放电过程,建立配置主/辅回路电容电压和放电时序的优化方法,基于IGBT有源区的流控特性,设计线性调节补偿回路和前馈反馈相结合的控制器,研制与主磁体解耦的1 T补偿磁体,对双电容器回路耦合放电产生的背景磁场进行高精度调控,最终实现了强度为45.2 T、持续时间为8 ms以及稳定度为0.02%的平顶脉冲磁场,满足相关固态核磁共振等科学实验需求。

10 kV并联电容器组不平衡保护动作诊断及分析

针对一起10 kV并联电容器组不平衡保护动作的故障案例,通过现场对并联电容器、电抗器、放电线圈、避雷器等进行诊断性试验,利用PSCAD对不平衡电压仿真计算,以及根据规程重新核算保护定值,最终确认了引起保护动作原因为该电容器内部存在故障以及不平衡保护定值设置不当。

10BA11A电容器组故障原因分析及处理

供电装置110 kV/10 kV系统在投用10 kV A段电容器组时,出现瞬间保护出口动作造成了分闸故障。分析电容器组10 kV开关保护装置的动作特点及电容器控制柜内发生的弧光短路特征,找出了电容器组产生弧光短路的原因,并采取了相应的处理措施。

π型接线高压电容器组不平衡电流离线测试方法

国内交、直流滤波器电容器组一般采用H桥型结构,但某些换流站采用π型结构电容器组,H桥型电容器组不平衡电流离线测试方法不再适用。本文提出将π型结构电容器组构成H桥型间接测量不平衡电流的新方法,分别对电阻、电容和电感3种构成H桥的方法进行计算公式推导和仿真分析。为减小现场电磁干扰对测量精度的影响,本文采用多频率点测试不平衡电流的方法进行现场测试,结果表明新方法理论思路正确,可以准确测量不平衡电流。

无功补偿技术在电力电气自动化中的应用研究

在现代电力系统中,无功电力管理的有效性对于维持电网的稳定性和效率至关重要.通过探讨无功补偿技术在电力电气自动化中的应用,以及这些技术如何优化电能质量,减少能源损耗,并提高系统的经济性和可靠性.首先概述了无功补偿技术的基本类型,包括静态无功发生器(SVG)、电容器组和同步补偿器,强调了它们在适应电网需求和提高传输效率方面的独特优势.随后,深入讨论了无功补偿技术的先进发展,如智能化无功补偿、自适应控制策略,以及新型材料和设备的应用,突出了这些技术在提高电力系统效率和灵活性方面的重大贡献.此外,还探讨了无功补偿技术在智能电网整合、提高电能质量、降低能源损耗和提高系统稳定性方面的实际应用.最后,对无功补偿技术的未来发展进行了展望,指出技术融合和智能化应用将是推动电力电气自动化领域发展的关键因素,预期无功补偿技术将在构建更高效、可靠和可持续的电力系统中发挥更加显著的作用.

考虑分布式电源接入的主动配电网降压节能方法

为解决电网高峰时期供电不足的问题,提出了一种考虑分布式电源接入的主动配电网降压节能方法,旨在实现主动配电网降压运行,并在满足供电电能质量要求的前提下实现最低总能耗。首先通过增加有载调压变压器(OLTC)和分组投切电容器(CB)等调节设备,实现主动配电网降压运行,然后采用ZIP负荷模型进行优化,最后通过某城区10 kV配电网算例分析,验证了所提方法的可行性。研究结果表明,该方法在满足供电电能质量要求的同时,能够减少总能耗,降低用能成本,提高电网运行的经济性。

Power loss reduction of distribution systems using BFO based optimal reconfiguration along with DG and shunt capacitor placement simultaneously in fuzzy framework

In distribution systems,network reconfiguration and capacitor placement are commonly used to diminish power losses and keep voltage profiles within acceptable limits.Moreover,the problem of DG allocation and sizing is great important.In this work,a combination of a fuzzy multi-objective approach and bacterial foraging optimization(BFO) as a meta-heuristic algorithm is used to solve the simultaneous reconfiguration and optimal sizing of DGs and shunt capacitors in a distribution system.Each objective is transferred into fuzzy domain using its membership function.Then,the overall fuzzy satisfaction function is formed and considered a fitness function inasmuch as the value of this function has to be maximized to gain the optimal solution.The numerical results show that the presented algorithm improves the performance much more than other meta-heuristic algorithms.Simulation results found that simultaneous reconfiguration with DG and shunt capacitors allocation(case 5) has 77.41%,42.15%,and 56.14%improvements in power loss reduction,load balancing,and voltage profile indices,respectively in 33-bus test system.This result found 87.27%,35.82%,and 54.34%improvements of mentioned indices respectively for 69-bus system.

Particle swarm optimization algorithm for simultaneous optimal placement and sizing of shunt active power conditioner(APC)and shunt capacitor in harmonic distorted distribution system

Due to development of distribution systems and increase in electricity demand,the use of capacitor banks increases.From the other point of view,nonlinear loads generate and inject considerable harmonic currents into power system.Under this condition if capacitor banks are not properly selected and placed in the power system,they could amplify and propagate these harmonics and deteriorate power quality to unacceptable levels.With attention of disadvantages of passive filters,such as occurring resonance,nowadays the usage of this type of harmonic compensator is restricted.On the other side,one of parallel multi-function compensating devices which are recently used in distribution system to mitigate voltage sag and harmonic distortion,performs power factor correction,and improves the overall power quality as active power conditioner(APC).Therefore,the utilization of APC in harmonic distorted system can affect and change the optimal location and size of shunt capacitor bank under harmonic distortion condition.This paper presents an optimization algorithm for improvement of power quality using simultaneous optimal placement and sizing of APC and shunt capacitor banks in radial distribution networks in the presence of voltage and current harmonics.The algorithm is based on particle swarm optimization(PSO).The objective function includes the cost of power losses,energy losses and those of the capacitor banks and APCs.

“双高”配电网下变电站并联电容器灵活投切

针对目前变电站并联电容器组投切方案存在的设备利用率低和易受双高配电网宽频谐波影响而损坏的问题,提出一种考虑谐波宽频特性的并联电容器组灵活投切策略。首先,建立10 kV配电网并联补偿模型和电容器组投切方案集合。然后,运用模态分析法确定投切方案网络谐振点。最后,从并联补偿方案的谐波谐振机理出发,设计程序计算谐波电流放大倍数,确定并联补偿方案基本可行域,筛选出最优投切组合。算例仿真表明,该投切策略能在实现原有无功补偿的功能上,提高设备总体利用率,避免并联电容器组投入后产生的谐波谐振和谐波电流放大。

并联电容器组状态监测的新型无线传感器设计关键技术研究

并联电容器组频繁投切补偿电网无功过程产生严重涌流和谐波,瞬间过电压和大电流对电容器单元运行安全威胁极大。提出一种基于无线传感技术的电力电容器状态监测方案,通过铁心磁场分布、材料特性和线圈输出功率分析,确定传感器采用闭路铁心高压取能、开路铁心测量的双CT结构,利用内置A/D及ZigBee通信协议栈的CC2530芯片,以及专用信号处理电路实现电容器单元电流和温升感知;由低功耗IEEE 802.15.4标准协议将终端节点信息加密无线组网,汇聚的数据在后台机进行综合判别分析。双铁心结构传感器的紧凑化设计,解决了铁心磁性饱和下高位取能、线性区的准确测量问题,实现了传感器现场高压绝缘、抗干扰和无线组网设计的整体性能优化。

电容器母排投切电流测量用宽频罗氏线圈传感器优化设计

大电流罗式线圈电流传感器频率响应特性主要取决于配套的积分电路参数。从监测并联电容器组投切电流应用需求出发,提出一种适合测量电容器母排暂态电流的新型罗氏线圈传感器积分电路。在罗氏线圈电流传感器工作原理分析基础上,研究不同类型积分器对暂态电流频率响应特性,由频响互补出发计算了两级复合积分器电路参数,并利用雷击电流模拟暂态特性对设计参数进一步优化。测试结果表明该罗氏线圈传感器对暂态大电流测量具有优良性能,适用于测量并联电容器组母排电流谐波,以及投切电流监测及过电流故障分析。

基于电网谐波阻抗估计的并联电容器组优化配置方案

采用先投入高串抗率电容器、后投入低串抗率电容器这种单一配置方案,导致变电站出现高串率电容器频繁投切、寿命降低和无功容量浪费问题。为了解决这些问题,提出一种基于阻抗估计和多电能质量约束的变电站电容器组优化配置方法。首先,获取电容器投切后公共连接点母线电压电流数据;其次采用小波最大最小阈值去噪,通过Prony算法得到暂态电压、电流数据来估计系统谐波阻抗,最后结合AVC下达的调度指令和目标函数在满足电网电能质量约束条件下对电容器组进行优化配置。结果表明,在满足电能质量约束和AVC调度指令下,优化配置后高低串抗率配置频次均有所改善,高串抗率电容器组投入频次下降32%,低串抗率电容器组投入频次由26%提高至58%。由系统谐波数据、谐波源和电容器等元件组成的谐波阻抗模型,以及基于谐波谐振机理设计的电容器组配置方案,能够提高数据分析的准确性,减小电容器损坏以及解决无功容量损失问题,提高供电质量,可为变电站电容器组的配置提供借鉴。

HVDC用电容器组对地绝缘子50%闪络问题研究

交流滤波器作为换流站的重要设备之一,运行可靠性直接影响到直流系统的安全运行,为提高高压直流输电系统用电容器组的运行可靠性,需对电容器组的框架带对地绝缘子进行50%闪络试验。本文对绝缘子的50%闪络电压值和干弧距离的计算方法进行了探讨,提出绝缘子喷涂RTV、用复合支柱绝缘子、优化伞形结构等措施可提高湿闪络电压值,设计4个试品进行50%湿闪络试验,对试验数据进行分析,总结初步结论以指导工程实践。

110kV串联电抗器烧毁案例分析及解决方案

介绍了220 kV变电站内110 kV电容器组的电抗器起火事故,通过事故原因分析给出设备改造方案。设备改造后,电磁力明显降低,运行效果良好,避免了电抗器频繁烧毁事故的发生。

基于网络技术的变电站电压无功自动控制系统

由于变电站的实际运行受多种因素的共同影响,导致电压无功控制尺度较难确定,影响最终的控制效果。为此,设计基于网络技术的变电站电压无功自动控制系统。考虑到网络技术中的实现对系统运行逻辑以及功能的构建,将具有快速数据传输效率的DSTREAM-HT仿真器作为系统的硬件,利用DSTREAM-HT仿真器追踪获取调压装置和投切电容器组的具体运行数据,并采用网络技术中的数值分析手段计算单位电压无功控制量作用强度,以DSTREAM-HT仿真器追踪到的变电站实际运行数据为基础,结合作用强度实现对变电站电压无功自动控制。测试结果表明,设计系统控制下,变电站二次侧无功电压始终稳定在5.50 kV以内,具有较高的稳定性和较好的控制效果。