Strong impact does serious harm to the military industries so it is necessary to choose reasonable cushioning material and design effective buffers to prevent the impact of equipment.Based on the capillary property en...Strong impact does serious harm to the military industries so it is necessary to choose reasonable cushioning material and design effective buffers to prevent the impact of equipment.Based on the capillary property entangled porous metallic wire materials(EPMWM),this paper designed a composite buffer which uses EPMWM and viscous fluid as cushioning materials under the low-speed impact of the recoil force device of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).Combined with the capillary model,porosity,hydraulic diameter,maximum pore diameter and pore distribution were used to characterize the pore structure characteristics of EPMWM.The calculation model of the damping force of the composite buffer was established.The low-speed impact test of the composite buffer was conducted.The parameters of the buffer under low-speed impact were identified according to the model,and the nonlinear model of damping force was obtained.The test results show that the composite buffer with EPMWM and viscous fluid can absorb the impact energy from the recoil movement effectively,and provide a new method for the buffer design of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).展开更多
Capillary electrochromatography(CEC)plays a significant role in chiral separation via the double separation principle,partition coefficient difference between the two phases,and electroosmotic flow-driven separation.G...Capillary electrochromatography(CEC)plays a significant role in chiral separation via the double separation principle,partition coefficient difference between the two phases,and electroosmotic flow-driven separation.Given the distinct properties of the inner wall stationary phase(SP),the separation ability of each SP differs from one another.Particularly,it provides large room for promising applications of open tubular capillary electrochromatography(OT-CEC).We divided the OT-CEC SPs developed over the past four years into six types:ionic liquids,nanoparticle materials,microporous materials,biomaterials,non-nanopolymers,and others,to mainly introduce their characteristics in chiral drug separation.There also added a few classic SPs that occurred within ten years as supplements to enrich the features of each SP.Additionally,we discuss their applications in metabolomics,food,cosmetics,environment,and biology as analytes in addition to chiral drugs.OT-CEC plays an increasingly significant role in chiral separation and may promote the development of capillary electrophoresis(CE)combined with other instruments in recent years,such as CE with mass spectrometry(CE/MS)and CE with ultraviolet light detector(CE/UV).展开更多
In certain exceptional cases,capillary samples must be used to measure X-ray absorption spectra(XAS).However,the inho-mogeneous thickness of capillary samples causes XAS distortion.This study discusses the distortion ...In certain exceptional cases,capillary samples must be used to measure X-ray absorption spectra(XAS).However,the inho-mogeneous thickness of capillary samples causes XAS distortion.This study discusses the distortion and correction of the XAS curve caused by the inhomogeneous thickness of capillary samples.The relationship between the distorted XAS curveμ′d_(eq)(measured values)and the real absorption coefficientμ_(s)d_(eq)(true values)of the sample was established.The distortion was slight and negligible when the vertical size(2h)of the X-ray beam spot was smaller than 60%of the capillary tube’s inner diameter(2R_(in)).When h/R_(in)>1,X-ray leakage is inevitable and should be avoided during measurement.Partial X-ray leakage caused by an X-ray beam spot size larger than the inner diameter of the capillary tube leads to serious compressed distortion of the XAS curve.When h/R_(in)<1,the distorted XAS data were well corrected.Possible errors and their influence on the corrected XAS are also discussed.Simulations and corrections for distortions verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the corrected method.展开更多
Here,a styrene-based polymer monolithic column poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)with reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography(RPLC/HILIC)bifunctional separation mode was success-fully prepared for capillary ...Here,a styrene-based polymer monolithic column poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)with reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography(RPLC/HILIC)bifunctional separation mode was success-fully prepared for capillary electrochromatography by the in situ polymerization of sodium p-styrene sulfonate(VBS)with cross-linkers 3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate(AHM)and 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine(TAT).The preparation conditions of the monolith were optimized.The morphology and formation of the poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)monolith were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The separation perfor-mances of the monolith were evaluated systematically.It should be noted that the incorporation of VBS functional monomer can provideπ-πinteractions,hydrophilic interactions,and ion-exchange in-teractions.Hence,the prepared poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)monolith can achieve efficient separation of thiourea compounds,benzene series,phenol compounds,aniline compounds and sulfonamides in RPLC or HILIC separation mode.The largest theoretical plate number for N,N0-dimethylthiourea reached 1.7×10^(5)plates/m.In addition,the poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)monolithic column showed excellent reproducibility and stability.This novel monolithic column has great application value and potential in capillary electrochromatography(CEC).展开更多
Objective:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)after cardiac arrest(CA)is one of the main causes of capillary leakage syndrome(CLS).This study aimed to establish a stable CLS model following the CA and cardiopulmonary re...Objective:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)after cardiac arrest(CA)is one of the main causes of capillary leakage syndrome(CLS).This study aimed to establish a stable CLS model following the CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CA-CPR)model in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats.Methods:We conducted a prospective,randomized,animal model study.All adult male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group(group N),a sham operation group(group S),and a cardiopulmonary resuscitation group(group T).The SD rats of the three groups were all inserted with 24-G needles through their left femoral arteries and right femoral veins.In group S and group T,the endotracheal tube was intubated.In group T,CA induced by asphyxia(AACA)was caused by vecuronium bromide with the endotracheal tube obstructed for 8 min,and the rats were resuscitated with manual chest compression and mechanical ventilation.Preresuscitation and postresuscitation measurements,including basic vital signs(BVS),blood gas analysis(BG),routine complete blood count(CBC),wet-to-dry ratio of tissues(W/D),and the HE staining results after 6 h were evaluated.Results:In group T,the success rate of the CA-CPR model was 60%(18/30),and CLS occurred in 26.6%(8/30)of the rats.There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics,including BVS,BG,and CBC,among the three groups(P>0.05).Compared with pre-asphyxia,there were significant differences in BVS,CBC,and BG,including temperature,oxygen saturation(SpO_(2)),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),white blood cell count(WBC),hemoglobin,hematocrit,pH,pCO_(2),pO_(2),SO_(2),lactate(Lac),base excess(BE),and Na+(P<0.05)after the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)in group T.At 6 h after ROSC in group T and at 6 h after surgery in groups N and S,there were significant differences in temperature,heart rate(HR),respiratory rate(RR),SpO_(2),MAP,CVP,WBC,pH,pCO_(2),Na+,and K+among the three groups(P<0.05).Compared with the other two groups,the rats in group T showed a significantly increased W/D weight ratio(P<0.05).The HE-stained sections showed consistent severe lesions in the lung,small intestine,and brain tissues of the rats at 6 h after ROSC following AACA.Conclusion:The CA-CPR model in SD rats induced by asphyxia could reproduce CLS with good stability and reproducibility.展开更多
Glancing incidence x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using a single-bounce parabolic capillary is proposed for the analysis of layered samples.The divergence of the x-ray beam was 0.33 mrad.In this paper,we used this in...Glancing incidence x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using a single-bounce parabolic capillary is proposed for the analysis of layered samples.The divergence of the x-ray beam was 0.33 mrad.In this paper,we used this instrumental setup to analyze a Si single crystal and a 50 nm HfO_(2) single-layer film deposited on a Si substrate.展开更多
We provide the capillary pressure curves p_(c)(s)as a function of the effective saturation s based on the theoretical framework of upscaling unsaturated flows in vertically heterogeneous porous layers proposed recentl...We provide the capillary pressure curves p_(c)(s)as a function of the effective saturation s based on the theoretical framework of upscaling unsaturated flows in vertically heterogeneous porous layers proposed recently(Z.Zheng,Journal of Fluid Mechanics,950,A17,2022).Based on the assumption of vertical gravitational-capillary equilibrium,the saturation distribution and profile shape of the invading fluid can be obtained by solving a nonlinear integral-differential equation.The capillary pressure curves p_(c)(s)can then be constructed by systematically varying the injection rate.Together with the relative permeability curves k_(rn)(s)that are already obtained.One can now provide quick estimates on the overall behaviours of interfacial and unsaturated flows in vertically-heterogeneous porous layers.展开更多
According to the capillary theory,an equivalent capillary model of micro-resistivity imaging logging was built.On this basis,the theoretical models of porosity spectrum(Ф_(i)),permeability spectrum(K_(i))and equivale...According to the capillary theory,an equivalent capillary model of micro-resistivity imaging logging was built.On this basis,the theoretical models of porosity spectrum(Ф_(i)),permeability spectrum(K_(i))and equivalent capillary pressure curve(pe)were established to reflect the reservoir heterogeneity.To promote the application of the theoretical models,the Archie's equation was introduced to establish a general model for quantitatively characterizing bi,K,and pei.Compared with the existing models,it is shown that:(1)the existing porosity spectrum model is the same as the general equation of gi;(2)the Ki model can display the permeability spectrum as compared with Purcell's permeability model;(3)the per model is constructed on a theoretical basis and avoids the limitations of existing models that are built only based on the component of porosity spectrum,as compared with the empirical model of capillary pressure curve.The application in the Permian Maokou Formation of Well TsX in the Central Sichuan paleo-uplift shows that the Ф_(i),K_(i),and p_(ci) models can be effectively applied to the identification of reservoir types,calculation of reservoir properties and pore structure parameters,and evaluation of reservoir heterogeneity.展开更多
In this paper, the plexiglass experimental column was used to analyze the capillary fringe thickness of three kinds of lithologies-silty sand, silt and silty clay-providing a basis for defining the interface in the st...In this paper, the plexiglass experimental column was used to analyze the capillary fringe thickness of three kinds of lithologies-silty sand, silt and silty clay-providing a basis for defining the interface in the study of hydrodynamics at the water table between vandose water and groundwater. The capillary fringe generally refers to the subsurface layer in which the groundwater seeps up to the air-entry suction value due to capillary action, and is nearly saturated with water. The thickness of the capillary fringe varies with different lithologies. In this experiment, self-made stable water supply devices were used to study the height of capillary rise, capillary water volume and capillary fringe thickness of the three lithologies through capillary experiment and numerical simulation. Experimental results show as follows:(1) Rising height of capillary water is related to time, particle radius, volume, etc., and the relationship between height and time is in line with the Hill model.(2) The smaller the particle radius, the more water the pores contain, and the ratio of the unsaturated portion of capillary water to the total water content gradually rises. Experimental results obtained by numerical simulation, segmentation and actual measurement are consistent.(3) The thickness of the capillary zone is related to the lithology. The larger the particle size, the smaller the thickness of the capillary fringe, and vice versa. In silty sand, the thickness measures about 13 cm. The figure rises to 16 cm in silt, and 37 cm in silty clay. This work studies the law of soil water transport at saturated-unsaturated interface. Experimental results are of great significance to the study of soil water and salt transport and soil salinization control in unsaturated zone.展开更多
Capillary electrophoresis with many advantages plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis and drug screening. This review gives an overview on the recent advances in the developments and applications of capill...Capillary electrophoresis with many advantages plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis and drug screening. This review gives an overview on the recent advances in the developments and applications of capillary electrophoresis in the field of enzyme inhibitor screening. The period covers 2013 to 2017. Both the pre-capillary enzyme assays and in-capillary enzyme assays which include electrophoretically mediated microanalysis(EMMA) and immobilized enzyme microreactor(IMER) are summarized in this article.展开更多
8-Gluconolactone was covalently coupled to aminopropyl derivatized capillary, which created hydrophilic brushes on the inner wall of the capillary. The coated capillary was shown to generate a stable electroosmotic fl...8-Gluconolactone was covalently coupled to aminopropyl derivatized capillary, which created hydrophilic brushes on the inner wall of the capillary. The coated capillary was shown to generate a stable electroosmotic flow (EOF) in the investigated pH range of 2.0-9.0 and to suppress effectively the adsorption of proteins. And it enabled separation of some biopolymer mixtures including basic proteins, DNA and tryptic digested bovine serum albumin (BSA) within 15 rain with efficiencies up to 450,000 plates/m. The intra- and inter-day reproducibility of the coating referring to the retention times of proteins were satisfactory with mean relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of 0.8 and 1.7%, respectively. 2009 Yin Mao Wei. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.展开更多
The relationship between capillary pressure and saturation plays a critical role in the characterization of two-phase flow and transport in aquifers and oil reservoirs. This relationship is usually determined under th...The relationship between capillary pressure and saturation plays a critical role in the characterization of two-phase flow and transport in aquifers and oil reservoirs. This relationship is usually determined under the static condition, where capillary pressure is the only function of saturation. However,considerable experiments have suggested that the dependence of capillary pressure on desaturation rate is under the dynamic condition. Thus, a more general description of capillary pressure that includes dynamic capillary effect has been approved widely. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic capillary effect is needed for the investigation of the two-phase flow in porous media by various methods. In general, dynamic capillary effect in porous media can be studied through the laboratory experiment, pore-to macro-scale modeling, and artificial neural network. Here, main principle and research procedures of each method are reviewed in detail. Then, research progress, disadvantages and advantages are discussed, respectively. In addition, upscaling study from pore-to macro-scale are introduced, which explains the difference between laboratory experiment and pore-scale modeling. At last, several future perspectives and recommendations for optimal solution of dynamic capillary effect are presented.展开更多
A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using in-capillary reaction capillary electrophoresis separation and chemiluminescence detection was developed. The procedures were designed...A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using in-capillary reaction capillary electrophoresis separation and chemiluminescence detection was developed. The procedures were designed as follows: The sample, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydrogen sulfite solution segments were injected sequentially into the capillary. The reaction of Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) by HSO3- occurred inside the capillary after applying the running voltage. According to the migration time difference of both Cr(III) ions moving towards to the cathode (detection end), they could be separated and determined. The limits of detection for chromium(III) and chromium(VI) (S/N = 3) were 6.010-13 mol/L (12 zmol) and 1.910-11 mol/L (380 zmol), respectively.展开更多
A simple type of chiral selector immobilized capillaries was prepared and applied to the separation of some enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis(CE) without chiral selective reagents in a buffer solution. β ...A simple type of chiral selector immobilized capillaries was prepared and applied to the separation of some enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis(CE) without chiral selective reagents in a buffer solution. β Cyclodextrin (CD) was bonded to the inner wall of fused silica capillary with the aid of 3 (2 cyclooxypropoxyl) propyl trimethoxy silane or 3 aminopropyltriethoxyl silane as bridge. The synthesis conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction ratios, solvents were optimized. The stability and reproducibility of the CD modified capillaries were studied under different operation conditions. It is satisfactory to apply the capillary to the chiral separation of d,l adrenaline and the atracurium besilate diastereoisomers under the optimized conditions.展开更多
Simulations of guiding of low-energy ions through a single nanocapillary in insulating polymers are reported. The nanocapillary has a diameter of 100 nm and a length of 10 μm. Different from previous work, in our sim...Simulations of guiding of low-energy ions through a single nanocapillary in insulating polymers are reported. The nanocapillary has a diameter of 100 nm and a length of 10 μm. Different from previous work, in our simulations a hyperbolic function is used to describe the decay of the charges deposited on the capillary surface. The present simulations reproduce the self-organized charge-up process occurring in the capillary. It is shown that lower-energy ions undergo more oscillations to get guiding equilibrium than those of higher-energy ions, resulting in a longer charging time, which is in good agreement with previous experimental results. Moreover, the experimentally observed mass independence of ion guiding is proved in our simulations. In particular, it is found that the maximum of the repulsive field within the capillary is independent of the ion energy as well as the tilt angle. To counterbalance the increasing of the transversal energy caused by increasing the tilt angle or incident energy, the effective length of the repulsive field is expanded in a self-organizing manner.展开更多
A new model of two-phase thermocapillary-buoyancy convection with phase change at gas-liquid interface in an enclosed cavity subjected to a horizontal temperature gradient is proposed,rather than the previous onesided...A new model of two-phase thermocapillary-buoyancy convection with phase change at gas-liquid interface in an enclosed cavity subjected to a horizontal temperature gradient is proposed,rather than the previous onesided model without phase change.We study the onset of multicellular convection and two inodes of convective instability,and find four different flow regimes.Their transition map is compared with the non-phase-change condition.Our numerical results show the stabilizing effect of interfacial phase change on the thermocapillarybuoyancy convection.展开更多
Objective: SHR-1210 is a new and promising anti-PD-1 agent for solid tumors. During the phase I study of SHR-1210, we encountered a novel but prevalent immune-related dermatologic toxicity: reactive capillary hemangio...Objective: SHR-1210 is a new and promising anti-PD-1 agent for solid tumors. During the phase I study of SHR-1210, we encountered a novel but prevalent immune-related dermatologic toxicity: reactive capillary hemangiomas(RCHs). Thus we tried to summarize the features of RCHs and estimate their relationship with tumor response.Methods: This prospective observational study systematically enrolled 98 patients with advanced solid tumors from April 27th,2016 to June 8th, 2017 in the context of the phase I clinical study of SHR-1210. This report focused on the skin toxicities. Patients underwent entire skin inspection every two weeks while taking medication. The clinical course of RCHs was recorded and their association with tumor response was estimated. The data cut-off date was November 15th, 2017.Results: After a median follow-up of 242(range, 29–567) days, RCHs were observed in 85.7%(84/98) of patients on cutaneous/mucosal surfaces; 84.5%(71/84) of the RCHs were evaluated as grade 1 adverse events. No grade 3 or 4 RCHs were observed. The time of onset of RCHs was dose dependent and shortest in the 400 mg-dose cohort(P < 0.001). Spontaneous and complete regression of RCHs was observed both during and after treatment. The objective response rate of tumors for patients with RCHs was 28.9%(24/83). However, no responders were observed among the patients without RCHs.Conclusions: RCHs were prevalent but manageable during treatment with SHR-1210. It might add to the expanding literature regarding immune-related dermatologic adverse events.展开更多
Objective Lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. It is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. To compensate for the limits of current respir...Objective Lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. It is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. To compensate for the limits of current respiratory bacteria detection methods, we developed a combination of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis (MPCE) assay to detect thirteen bacterial pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catorrholis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Bordetella pertussis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Corynebactefium diphthefiae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods Three multiplex PCR reactions were built, and the products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using the high-throughput DNA analyzer. The specificity of the MPCE assay was examined and the detection limit was evaluated using DNA samples from each bacterial strain and the simulative samples of each strain. This assay was further evaluated using 152 clinical specimens and compared with real-time PCR reactions. For this assay, three nested-multiplex-PCRs were used to detect these clinical specimens. Results The detection limits of the MPCE assay for the 13 pathogens were very low and ranged from 10-7 to 10-2 ng/μL. Furthermore, analysis of the 252 clinical specimens yielded a specificity ranging from 96.5%-100.0%, and a sensitivity of 100.0% for the 13 pathogens. Conclusion This study revealed that the MPCE with high specificity and sensitivity. This assay survey of respiratory pathogens. assay is a rapid, reliable, and high-throughput method has great potential in the molecular epidemiological.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51805086)。
文摘Strong impact does serious harm to the military industries so it is necessary to choose reasonable cushioning material and design effective buffers to prevent the impact of equipment.Based on the capillary property entangled porous metallic wire materials(EPMWM),this paper designed a composite buffer which uses EPMWM and viscous fluid as cushioning materials under the low-speed impact of the recoil force device of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).Combined with the capillary model,porosity,hydraulic diameter,maximum pore diameter and pore distribution were used to characterize the pore structure characteristics of EPMWM.The calculation model of the damping force of the composite buffer was established.The low-speed impact test of the composite buffer was conducted.The parameters of the buffer under low-speed impact were identified according to the model,and the nonlinear model of damping force was obtained.The test results show that the composite buffer with EPMWM and viscous fluid can absorb the impact energy from the recoil movement effectively,and provide a new method for the buffer design of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).
基金This study was funded by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82003705)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Foundation(Grant Nos.:23010500200 and 23ZR1422700).
文摘Capillary electrochromatography(CEC)plays a significant role in chiral separation via the double separation principle,partition coefficient difference between the two phases,and electroosmotic flow-driven separation.Given the distinct properties of the inner wall stationary phase(SP),the separation ability of each SP differs from one another.Particularly,it provides large room for promising applications of open tubular capillary electrochromatography(OT-CEC).We divided the OT-CEC SPs developed over the past four years into six types:ionic liquids,nanoparticle materials,microporous materials,biomaterials,non-nanopolymers,and others,to mainly introduce their characteristics in chiral drug separation.There also added a few classic SPs that occurred within ten years as supplements to enrich the features of each SP.Additionally,we discuss their applications in metabolomics,food,cosmetics,environment,and biology as analytes in addition to chiral drugs.OT-CEC plays an increasingly significant role in chiral separation and may promote the development of capillary electrophoresis(CE)combined with other instruments in recent years,such as CE with mass spectrometry(CE/MS)and CE with ultraviolet light detector(CE/UV).
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1603802 and 2017YFA0403000)1W2B and 4B9A at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
文摘In certain exceptional cases,capillary samples must be used to measure X-ray absorption spectra(XAS).However,the inho-mogeneous thickness of capillary samples causes XAS distortion.This study discusses the distortion and correction of the XAS curve caused by the inhomogeneous thickness of capillary samples.The relationship between the distorted XAS curveμ′d_(eq)(measured values)and the real absorption coefficientμ_(s)d_(eq)(true values)of the sample was established.The distortion was slight and negligible when the vertical size(2h)of the X-ray beam spot was smaller than 60%of the capillary tube’s inner diameter(2R_(in)).When h/R_(in)>1,X-ray leakage is inevitable and should be avoided during measurement.Partial X-ray leakage caused by an X-ray beam spot size larger than the inner diameter of the capillary tube leads to serious compressed distortion of the XAS curve.When h/R_(in)<1,the distorted XAS data were well corrected.Possible errors and their influence on the corrected XAS are also discussed.Simulations and corrections for distortions verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the corrected method.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82273885,82073808 and 81872828).
文摘Here,a styrene-based polymer monolithic column poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)with reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography(RPLC/HILIC)bifunctional separation mode was success-fully prepared for capillary electrochromatography by the in situ polymerization of sodium p-styrene sulfonate(VBS)with cross-linkers 3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate(AHM)and 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazine(TAT).The preparation conditions of the monolith were optimized.The morphology and formation of the poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)monolith were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The separation perfor-mances of the monolith were evaluated systematically.It should be noted that the incorporation of VBS functional monomer can provideπ-πinteractions,hydrophilic interactions,and ion-exchange in-teractions.Hence,the prepared poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)monolith can achieve efficient separation of thiourea compounds,benzene series,phenol compounds,aniline compounds and sulfonamides in RPLC or HILIC separation mode.The largest theoretical plate number for N,N0-dimethylthiourea reached 1.7×10^(5)plates/m.In addition,the poly(VBS-co-TAT-co-AHM)monolithic column showed excellent reproducibility and stability.This novel monolithic column has great application value and potential in capillary electrochromatography(CEC).
文摘Objective:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)after cardiac arrest(CA)is one of the main causes of capillary leakage syndrome(CLS).This study aimed to establish a stable CLS model following the CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CA-CPR)model in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats.Methods:We conducted a prospective,randomized,animal model study.All adult male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group(group N),a sham operation group(group S),and a cardiopulmonary resuscitation group(group T).The SD rats of the three groups were all inserted with 24-G needles through their left femoral arteries and right femoral veins.In group S and group T,the endotracheal tube was intubated.In group T,CA induced by asphyxia(AACA)was caused by vecuronium bromide with the endotracheal tube obstructed for 8 min,and the rats were resuscitated with manual chest compression and mechanical ventilation.Preresuscitation and postresuscitation measurements,including basic vital signs(BVS),blood gas analysis(BG),routine complete blood count(CBC),wet-to-dry ratio of tissues(W/D),and the HE staining results after 6 h were evaluated.Results:In group T,the success rate of the CA-CPR model was 60%(18/30),and CLS occurred in 26.6%(8/30)of the rats.There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics,including BVS,BG,and CBC,among the three groups(P>0.05).Compared with pre-asphyxia,there were significant differences in BVS,CBC,and BG,including temperature,oxygen saturation(SpO_(2)),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),white blood cell count(WBC),hemoglobin,hematocrit,pH,pCO_(2),pO_(2),SO_(2),lactate(Lac),base excess(BE),and Na+(P<0.05)after the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)in group T.At 6 h after ROSC in group T and at 6 h after surgery in groups N and S,there were significant differences in temperature,heart rate(HR),respiratory rate(RR),SpO_(2),MAP,CVP,WBC,pH,pCO_(2),Na+,and K+among the three groups(P<0.05).Compared with the other two groups,the rats in group T showed a significantly increased W/D weight ratio(P<0.05).The HE-stained sections showed consistent severe lesions in the lung,small intestine,and brain tissues of the rats at 6 h after ROSC following AACA.Conclusion:The CA-CPR model in SD rats induced by asphyxia could reproduce CLS with good stability and reproducibility.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF0701202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11875087)。
文摘Glancing incidence x-ray fluorescence spectrometry using a single-bounce parabolic capillary is proposed for the analysis of layered samples.The divergence of the x-ray beam was 0.33 mrad.In this paper,we used this instrumental setup to analyze a Si single crystal and a 50 nm HfO_(2) single-layer film deposited on a Si substrate.
基金by the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar,No.TP2020009)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning。
文摘We provide the capillary pressure curves p_(c)(s)as a function of the effective saturation s based on the theoretical framework of upscaling unsaturated flows in vertically heterogeneous porous layers proposed recently(Z.Zheng,Journal of Fluid Mechanics,950,A17,2022).Based on the assumption of vertical gravitational-capillary equilibrium,the saturation distribution and profile shape of the invading fluid can be obtained by solving a nonlinear integral-differential equation.The capillary pressure curves p_(c)(s)can then be constructed by systematically varying the injection rate.Together with the relative permeability curves k_(rn)(s)that are already obtained.One can now provide quick estimates on the overall behaviours of interfacial and unsaturated flows in vertically-heterogeneous porous layers.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2003102,41974117)China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05052001).
文摘According to the capillary theory,an equivalent capillary model of micro-resistivity imaging logging was built.On this basis,the theoretical models of porosity spectrum(Ф_(i)),permeability spectrum(K_(i))and equivalent capillary pressure curve(pe)were established to reflect the reservoir heterogeneity.To promote the application of the theoretical models,the Archie's equation was introduced to establish a general model for quantitatively characterizing bi,K,and pei.Compared with the existing models,it is shown that:(1)the existing porosity spectrum model is the same as the general equation of gi;(2)the Ki model can display the permeability spectrum as compared with Purcell's permeability model;(3)the per model is constructed on a theoretical basis and avoids the limitations of existing models that are built only based on the component of porosity spectrum,as compared with the empirical model of capillary pressure curve.The application in the Permian Maokou Formation of Well TsX in the Central Sichuan paleo-uplift shows that the Ф_(i),K_(i),and p_(ci) models can be effectively applied to the identification of reservoir types,calculation of reservoir properties and pore structure parameters,and evaluation of reservoir heterogeneity.
基金the fund of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (YYWF201624)。
文摘In this paper, the plexiglass experimental column was used to analyze the capillary fringe thickness of three kinds of lithologies-silty sand, silt and silty clay-providing a basis for defining the interface in the study of hydrodynamics at the water table between vandose water and groundwater. The capillary fringe generally refers to the subsurface layer in which the groundwater seeps up to the air-entry suction value due to capillary action, and is nearly saturated with water. The thickness of the capillary fringe varies with different lithologies. In this experiment, self-made stable water supply devices were used to study the height of capillary rise, capillary water volume and capillary fringe thickness of the three lithologies through capillary experiment and numerical simulation. Experimental results show as follows:(1) Rising height of capillary water is related to time, particle radius, volume, etc., and the relationship between height and time is in line with the Hill model.(2) The smaller the particle radius, the more water the pores contain, and the ratio of the unsaturated portion of capillary water to the total water content gradually rises. Experimental results obtained by numerical simulation, segmentation and actual measurement are consistent.(3) The thickness of the capillary zone is related to the lithology. The larger the particle size, the smaller the thickness of the capillary fringe, and vice versa. In silty sand, the thickness measures about 13 cm. The figure rises to 16 cm in silt, and 37 cm in silty clay. This work studies the law of soil water transport at saturated-unsaturated interface. Experimental results are of great significance to the study of soil water and salt transport and soil salinization control in unsaturated zone.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 81573384 and 21375101)
文摘Capillary electrophoresis with many advantages plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis and drug screening. This review gives an overview on the recent advances in the developments and applications of capillary electrophoresis in the field of enzyme inhibitor screening. The period covers 2013 to 2017. Both the pre-capillary enzyme assays and in-capillary enzyme assays which include electrophoretically mediated microanalysis(EMMA) and immobilized enzyme microreactor(IMER) are summarized in this article.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20875075 and 20875074)
文摘8-Gluconolactone was covalently coupled to aminopropyl derivatized capillary, which created hydrophilic brushes on the inner wall of the capillary. The coated capillary was shown to generate a stable electroosmotic flow (EOF) in the investigated pH range of 2.0-9.0 and to suppress effectively the adsorption of proteins. And it enabled separation of some biopolymer mixtures including basic proteins, DNA and tryptic digested bovine serum albumin (BSA) within 15 rain with efficiencies up to 450,000 plates/m. The intra- and inter-day reproducibility of the coating referring to the retention times of proteins were satisfactory with mean relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of 0.8 and 1.7%, respectively. 2009 Yin Mao Wei. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All fights reserved.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42102149)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2462021YXZZ005)。
文摘The relationship between capillary pressure and saturation plays a critical role in the characterization of two-phase flow and transport in aquifers and oil reservoirs. This relationship is usually determined under the static condition, where capillary pressure is the only function of saturation. However,considerable experiments have suggested that the dependence of capillary pressure on desaturation rate is under the dynamic condition. Thus, a more general description of capillary pressure that includes dynamic capillary effect has been approved widely. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic capillary effect is needed for the investigation of the two-phase flow in porous media by various methods. In general, dynamic capillary effect in porous media can be studied through the laboratory experiment, pore-to macro-scale modeling, and artificial neural network. Here, main principle and research procedures of each method are reviewed in detail. Then, research progress, disadvantages and advantages are discussed, respectively. In addition, upscaling study from pore-to macro-scale are introduced, which explains the difference between laboratory experiment and pore-scale modeling. At last, several future perspectives and recommendations for optimal solution of dynamic capillary effect are presented.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20175039).
文摘A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using in-capillary reaction capillary electrophoresis separation and chemiluminescence detection was developed. The procedures were designed as follows: The sample, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydrogen sulfite solution segments were injected sequentially into the capillary. The reaction of Cr(VI) reduced to Cr(III) by HSO3- occurred inside the capillary after applying the running voltage. According to the migration time difference of both Cr(III) ions moving towards to the cathode (detection end), they could be separated and determined. The limits of detection for chromium(III) and chromium(VI) (S/N = 3) were 6.010-13 mol/L (12 zmol) and 1.910-11 mol/L (380 zmol), respectively.
文摘A simple type of chiral selector immobilized capillaries was prepared and applied to the separation of some enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis(CE) without chiral selective reagents in a buffer solution. β Cyclodextrin (CD) was bonded to the inner wall of fused silica capillary with the aid of 3 (2 cyclooxypropoxyl) propyl trimethoxy silane or 3 aminopropyltriethoxyl silane as bridge. The synthesis conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction ratios, solvents were optimized. The stability and reproducibility of the CD modified capillaries were studied under different operation conditions. It is satisfactory to apply the capillary to the chiral separation of d,l adrenaline and the atracurium besilate diastereoisomers under the optimized conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11275238,11205225,and 11375034)
文摘Simulations of guiding of low-energy ions through a single nanocapillary in insulating polymers are reported. The nanocapillary has a diameter of 100 nm and a length of 10 μm. Different from previous work, in our simulations a hyperbolic function is used to describe the decay of the charges deposited on the capillary surface. The present simulations reproduce the self-organized charge-up process occurring in the capillary. It is shown that lower-energy ions undergo more oscillations to get guiding equilibrium than those of higher-energy ions, resulting in a longer charging time, which is in good agreement with previous experimental results. Moreover, the experimentally observed mass independence of ion guiding is proved in our simulations. In particular, it is found that the maximum of the repulsive field within the capillary is independent of the ion energy as well as the tilt angle. To counterbalance the increasing of the transversal energy caused by increasing the tilt angle or incident energy, the effective length of the repulsive field is expanded in a self-organizing manner.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11532015 and U1738119)the China's Manned Space Program(TZ-1)and the Joint Project of CMSA-ESA Cooperation on Utilization in Space.
文摘A new model of two-phase thermocapillary-buoyancy convection with phase change at gas-liquid interface in an enclosed cavity subjected to a horizontal temperature gradient is proposed,rather than the previous onesided model without phase change.We study the onset of multicellular convection and two inodes of convective instability,and find four different flow regimes.Their transition map is compared with the non-phase-change condition.Our numerical results show the stabilizing effect of interfacial phase change on the thermocapillarybuoyancy convection.
基金supported by a grant from CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine (Grant No. CAMS-12M-1-010)
文摘Objective: SHR-1210 is a new and promising anti-PD-1 agent for solid tumors. During the phase I study of SHR-1210, we encountered a novel but prevalent immune-related dermatologic toxicity: reactive capillary hemangiomas(RCHs). Thus we tried to summarize the features of RCHs and estimate their relationship with tumor response.Methods: This prospective observational study systematically enrolled 98 patients with advanced solid tumors from April 27th,2016 to June 8th, 2017 in the context of the phase I clinical study of SHR-1210. This report focused on the skin toxicities. Patients underwent entire skin inspection every two weeks while taking medication. The clinical course of RCHs was recorded and their association with tumor response was estimated. The data cut-off date was November 15th, 2017.Results: After a median follow-up of 242(range, 29–567) days, RCHs were observed in 85.7%(84/98) of patients on cutaneous/mucosal surfaces; 84.5%(71/84) of the RCHs were evaluated as grade 1 adverse events. No grade 3 or 4 RCHs were observed. The time of onset of RCHs was dose dependent and shortest in the 400 mg-dose cohort(P < 0.001). Spontaneous and complete regression of RCHs was observed both during and after treatment. The objective response rate of tumors for patients with RCHs was 28.9%(24/83). However, no responders were observed among the patients without RCHs.Conclusions: RCHs were prevalent but manageable during treatment with SHR-1210. It might add to the expanding literature regarding immune-related dermatologic adverse events.
基金supported by grants from the Priority Project on Infectious Disease Control and Prevention(2012ZX10004215,2013ZX10004610)from Ministry of Health,China,and the Science Foundation for the State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control from China(Grant No.2015SKLID508)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81671985)and(Grant No.81170009)
文摘Objective Lower respiratory tract infections continue to pose a significant threat to human health. It is important to accurately and rapidly detect respiratory bacteria. To compensate for the limits of current respiratory bacteria detection methods, we developed a combination of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary electrophoresis (MPCE) assay to detect thirteen bacterial pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catorrholis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella spp., Bordetella pertussis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Corynebactefium diphthefiae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods Three multiplex PCR reactions were built, and the products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis using the high-throughput DNA analyzer. The specificity of the MPCE assay was examined and the detection limit was evaluated using DNA samples from each bacterial strain and the simulative samples of each strain. This assay was further evaluated using 152 clinical specimens and compared with real-time PCR reactions. For this assay, three nested-multiplex-PCRs were used to detect these clinical specimens. Results The detection limits of the MPCE assay for the 13 pathogens were very low and ranged from 10-7 to 10-2 ng/μL. Furthermore, analysis of the 252 clinical specimens yielded a specificity ranging from 96.5%-100.0%, and a sensitivity of 100.0% for the 13 pathogens. Conclusion This study revealed that the MPCE with high specificity and sensitivity. This assay survey of respiratory pathogens. assay is a rapid, reliable, and high-throughput method has great potential in the molecular epidemiological.