Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus(CAEV) is an under-studied virus infecting caprines and ovines worldwide. Over the last four decades, CAEV has spread in China, obtaining genomic data on CAEV strains circulating in...Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus(CAEV) is an under-studied virus infecting caprines and ovines worldwide. Over the last four decades, CAEV has spread in China, obtaining genomic data on CAEV strains circulating in China is of importance for developing diagnostic methods and eradicating associated diseases. However, there is limited information on the genome, including characterizations, and the probable origin. This work aimed to characterize Chinese CAEV genomes and population structures. Five CAEV strains isolated from infected dairy goats between 1989and 1994 in Gansu, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Shandong and Sichuan provinces were cloned and sequenced. The Chinese CAEV had a 58–93% genome similarities to strains outside of China, and they belonged to subgenotype B1. The highest similarity levels(98.3–99.3%) were with two other Chinese strains, and they shared a 91.8–92.3% similarity with the strain Clements(GenBank accession no. NC_001463.1) from outside of China. The Chinese CAEV strains isolated from different provinces over five years were still highly homologous and contained unique ancestral population components,indicating that these Chinese strains had a common origin that differed from other known strains. Our results provide genomic data on circulating Chinese CAEV strains and will be useful for future epidemiological investigations and CAEV eradication programs.展开更多
Elevation of acid degree values (ADV) and peroxide value (POV) indicates deterioration of nutritional and sensory qualities of dairy products during storage. Iron fortification in bovine milk cheeses in relation to li...Elevation of acid degree values (ADV) and peroxide value (POV) indicates deterioration of nutritional and sensory qualities of dairy products during storage. Iron fortification in bovine milk cheeses in relation to lipolytic parameters and their correlations have been studied, while no such studies have been reported on caprine milk cheeses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate levels of ADV and POV of iron fortified [regular ferrous sulfate (RFS) and large microencapsulated ferrous sulfate (LMFS)] goat milk Cheddar cheeses compared to those of non-fortified control cheese (CC) and their correlations. Three batches of 3 types (CC, RFS and LMFS added) of goat milk cheeses were manufactured and stored at two temperatures (4°C and -18°C) for 0, 2 and 4 months. Iron was supplemented to RFS and LMFS cheeses by 8.23 g and 9.03 g per 9 kg, respectively. ADV and POV were determined using standard methods of examining dairy products (Richardson, 1985) and AOCS (1975) procedures. Results showed that ADV values for CC, RFS and LMFS cheeses for 0 and 4 month storage at 4°C were: 0.67, 0.73, 0.64;1.24, 1.78, 1.58, respectively, indicating significant (P < 0.05) elevations occurred in ADV for all three cheeses during 4 months storage. The cheese samples at 4 months storage showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher peroxide values compared to 0 and 2 month stored ones. The samples stored at refrigeration temperature (4°C) revealed slightly more lipid oxidation than those stored at frozen temperature (-18°C). Significant (P < 0.05) elevations in POV for all goat cheeses stored for 4 months and slight increases in POV at higher temperature implies that the longer time and higher temperature storage can elevate the rate of lipid oxidation in goat milk Cheddar cheeses. Correlations (r) between ADV and POV for the pooled data of three types of the caprine cheeses across storage periods were significant (P < 0.01), while r values of CC cheeses alone were negative. It was concluded that significant correlations exist between extents of lipolysis and lipid oxidation in the caprine milk Cheddar cheeses during 4 months storage.展开更多
A two-step-cascade membrane separation by ultrafiltration was performed on caprine milk prepared under different temperature conditions to eliminate beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) from the whey fraction. Effects of temper...A two-step-cascade membrane separation by ultrafiltration was performed on caprine milk prepared under different temperature conditions to eliminate beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) from the whey fraction. Effects of temperature treatment and membrane pore size on the elimination of β-Lg and retention of alpha-lactalbumin (α-La) were examined to determine the optimum permeate fraction for production of infant formula analogues from caprine milk. The frozen raw caprine milk, with and without prior pasteurization, showed the best membrane separation performance. The permeates obtained from the 800/30kDa membrane combination showed the optimal results. The infant formula analog produced using the casein and 800/30kDa-permeate fractions of the treated caprine milk had the closest similarity to human milk with respect to the total protein content (1.3g 100g-1), beta-lactoglobulin content (1% - 2%), and casein- α-lactalbumin ratio (0.6 - 0.7). Membrane performance during ultrafiltration of caprine milk was affected by temperature treatment of the milk prior to membrane separation.展开更多
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a colorimetric assay to measure caprine serum albumin (CSA) concentrations in milk. The principle of the say was based on the binding of albumin to bromocresol g...The objective of this study was to develop and validate a colorimetric assay to measure caprine serum albumin (CSA) concentrations in milk. The principle of the say was based on the binding of albumin to bromocresol green (BCG) dye at pH 4.0. The absorption of the dye-albumin complex was determined spectrophotometrically at 640 nm. A linear relationship existed between CSA concentrations (0.01 to 8.0 mg/ml) and absorbance values. Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation for the proposed assay were 2.6% and 12% respectively. Recovery from milk samples spiked with albumins was 89.15% ± 7.6%. The developed assay was validated using 126 milk samples collected from lactating Saanen goats at various stages of lactation`. Caprine serum albumin concentrations in milk ranged between 0.31 and 0.52 mg/ml. The concentrations of CSA were significantly higher展开更多
The objective of this study was to test the use of a commercial extender (Triladyl) as a diluent in caprine semen refrigerated at 15℃, using caffeine (CF), heparin (HP), synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) andtriladyl (T...The objective of this study was to test the use of a commercial extender (Triladyl) as a diluent in caprine semen refrigerated at 15℃, using caffeine (CF), heparin (HP), synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) andtriladyl (TRY) as capacitating chemical agents at different times. Twenty ejaculates of caprine semen were collected using an artificial vagina. The ejaculates were diluted and refrigerated by three days. Evaluated the progressive motility (PM) and the functional state of the sperm plasma membrane trough fluorescent CTC staining, counting 200 spermatic cells (non-capacitated spermatozoa NCS, capacitated CS and reacting spermatozoa REA) of caprine in two capacitating agents: CAF and HEP;one culture medium:SOF and a commercial extender: TRY at 60, 120, 180 and 240 min of incubation, during 24, 48 and 72 hs. PM was high under TRY, and CS was high under the HEP treatment. TRY could be an alternative to capacitate caprine spermatozoa, keeping PM for a longer time than HEP or CAF.展开更多
Three batches of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia inactivated vaccine( M1601 strain) developed by the laboratory were studied from the aspects of safety,minimum immune dose,immunity duration and storage life. The re...Three batches of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia inactivated vaccine( M1601 strain) developed by the laboratory were studied from the aspects of safety,minimum immune dose,immunity duration and storage life. The results showed that the vaccine was safe to goats under different physiological conditions.Regardless of lambs or adult goats,the minimum immune dose was 3 m L,and the immunity duration and the storage life were 6 and 12 months,respectively.展开更多
The production of cells capable of expressing gene(s) of interest is important for a variety of applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, including gene therapy and a novel method of stem cell therapy in the vari...The production of cells capable of expressing gene(s) of interest is important for a variety of applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, including gene therapy and a novel method of stem cell therapy in the various diseases. Achieving high levels of transgene expression for the longer period of time, without adversely affecting cell viability and differentiation capacity of the cells, is crucial. In the present study, we investigated the efficiency of plasmid vector for the production of transgenic cMSCs and examined any functional change of cells after transfection. To do so first we have collected bone marrows from the adult goats and cultured them for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (cBM-MSCs). These cells were characterized using MSC specific markers including differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes. Transfection with plasmid vector did not adversely affect cBM-MSCs morphology, viability or differentiation potential, and transgene expression levels were unaffected beyond passage 12th. The results indicated that we have been able to generate transgenic caprine MSC (tcBM-MSC) and transfection of cBM-MSCs using plasmid vector resulted in very high and stable transfection efficiency. This finding may have considerable significance in improving the efficacy of MSC-based therapies and their tracking in animal model.展开更多
Background: Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a devastating disease of goats caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp). The disease was first confirmed in Uganda in 1995 in Karamoja regi...Background: Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a devastating disease of goats caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp). The disease was first confirmed in Uganda in 1995 in Karamoja region. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia negatively impacts on goats’ productivity but its extent and magnitude among the local communities in Uganda remain unknown. A cross sectional study was conducted in the districts of Agago and Otuke neighboring Karamoja in Northern Uganda during the months of July and August 2011 to explore for the status of the disease. Methods: Five hundred and four serum samples from goats were obtained from randomly selected unvaccinated herds and 100 goats from vaccinated herds. Serum samples were examined for antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp) by ELISA method. A total of 162 semi-structured questionnaires were administered to selected farmers to obtain information on their understanding of the disease and the risk factors they associated with CCPP. Eight focus group discussions were also conducted with selected farmer groups to obtain detailed qualitative information on CCPP. Results: Among the unvaccinated goats, seroprevalence of CCPP was 32 (17.7%) and 52 (23.3%) for Agago and Otuke districts respectively. Levels of antibodies against Mccp were higher among vaccinated goats than unvaccinated ones (mean optical densities (ODs) of 0.905 and 0.776, p = 0.08). Majority of the farmers 121 (74.7%) had knowledge on CCPP and recognized that CCPP was among the major challenges to goat production in Uganda. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that CCPP was prevalent in Agago and Otuke districts, which are outside but close to Karamoja region where the disease was previously confirmed. There is a need for wider and detailed studies to investigate further CCPP in other districts of Uganda for effective preventive and control of CCPP in Uganda and the neighboring countries.展开更多
Background： Adult mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） can be conveniently sampled from bone marrow, peripheral blood, muscle, adipose and connective tissue, harvested from various species, including, rodents, dogs, cats,...Background： Adult mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） can be conveniently sampled from bone marrow, peripheral blood, muscle, adipose and connective tissue, harvested from various species, including, rodents, dogs, cats, horses, sheep, goats and human beings. The MSCs isolated from adult tissues vary in their morphological and functional properties. These variations are further complicated when cells are expanded by passaging in culture. These differences and changes in MSCs must be considered prior to their application in the clinic or in a basic research study. Goats are commonly used as animal models for bone tissue engineering to test the potential of stem cells for bone regeneration. As a result, goat MSCs isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue should be evaluated using in vitro assays, prior to their application in a tissue engineering project. Results： In this study, we compared the stem cell properties of MSCs isolated from goat bone marrow and adipose tissue. We used quantitative and qualitative assays with a focus on osteogenesis, including, colony forming unit, rate of cell proliferation, tri-lineage differentiation and expression profiling of key signal transduction proteins to compare MSCs from low and high passages. Primary cultures generated from each source displayed the stem cell characteristics, with variations in their osteogenic potentials. Most importantly, low passaged bone marrow MSCs displayed a significantly higher and superior osteogenic potential, and hence, will be the preferred choice for bone tissue engineering in future in vivo experiments. In the bone marrow MSCs, this process is potentially mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway. On the other hand, osteogenic differentiation in the adipose tissue MSCs may involve the p44/42 MAPK pathway. Conclusions： Based on these data, we can conclude that bone marrow and fat-derived MSCs undergo osteogenesis via two distinct signaling pathways. Even though the bone marrow MSCs are the preferred source for bone tissue engineering, the adipose tissue MSCs are an attractive alternative source and undergo osteo-differentiation differently from the bone marrow MSCs and hence, might require a cell-based enhancer/inducer to improve their osteogenic regenerative capacity.展开更多
The known mycoplasmas isolated from goats and sheep were listed. The pathogenicity of these mycoplasmas and their effects during occurrence of mycoplasmosis were summarized.
The study was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb) in the liver, kidney and flesh of Cattle, Sheep and Goats from Anka and Bukkuyum Local Government areas of Za...The study was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb) in the liver, kidney and flesh of Cattle, Sheep and Goats from Anka and Bukkuyum Local Government areas of Zamfara State Nigeria. The levels of heavy metals in the liver, kidney and flesh of beef, mutton and caprine ranged from 56 to 549 μg·g-1 for Zn;109 to 576 μg·g-1 for Fe;0.0 to 4.0 μg·g-1 for Pb;2.52 to 13.25 μg·g-1 for Mn;0.00 to 19.64 μg·g-1 for Cr;0.00 to 0.25 μg·g-1 for Cd;0.00 to 2.71 μg·g-1 for Co and 3.59 to 538 μg·g-1 for Cu. The concentration of Cr, Pb and Mn in the kidneys and livers of the samples were observed to be higher than the maximum allowable level. Similarly, the exception of Cr in the liver of sheep and goat from Anka and liver of sheep from Bukkuyum, Pb in some liver and kidney samples and Mn in some liver, kidney samples and flesh of cattle from Anka were found to be polluted and hence unsafe for consumption.展开更多
A new method of experimental infection of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV), aerosol nebulization (Nb), was compared to intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) methods of experimental infection. Seven month old lambs we...A new method of experimental infection of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV), aerosol nebulization (Nb), was compared to intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) methods of experimental infection. Seven month old lambs were given 3.5 × 107 TCID50 of Dubois OPPV LMH19 isolate using IV, PO, or Nb methods and were monitored for infection using cELISA and OPPV quantitative (q) PCR for 35 weeks. Four out of four sheep in the IV group, six out of six sheep in the Nb group, but only two out of six sheep in the PO group became infected by OPPV;whereas the uninoculated controls (n = 2) and a sentinel control (n = 1) remained uninfected during the course of the study. The time to a cELISA or OPPV qPCR positive result in the Nb group was quicker and statistically different from the time to a cELISA or OPPV qPCR positive result in the PO group (cELISA P value = 0.0021 and OPPV qPCR P value = 0.0007). When the Nb and IV groups were compared, sheep became cELISA and OPPV qPCR positive at similar times (cELISA P value = 0.6 and OPPV qPCR P value = 0.1). In addition, sheep became OPPV qPCR positive prior to cELISA in both the IV and Nb groups (IV P value = 0.027 and Nb P value = 0.007). Aerosol nebulization is a more natural experimental method of transmitting OPPV and may be valuable for testing potential vaccines or specific host genetics.展开更多
Staphylococcus aureus is an important zoonotic pathogen that is responsible for a variety of infectious diseases in humans and animals.The present study was designed to check the prevalence and antimicrobial resistanc...Staphylococcus aureus is an important zoonotic pathogen that is responsible for a variety of infectious diseases in humans and animals.The present study was designed to check the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of MSSA from three different animal origins(bovine,caprine and pet).A total of n=450 samples(150 each source)were collected from bovine,caprine and pets.Collected samples were subjected to S.aureus identification by microbiological examination and confirmed S.aureus isolates were put to oxacillin disk diffusion test to declare them MSSA.The MSSA confirmed isolates were subjected to various antibiotics for susceptibility profiling using Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion test.The present study found higher prevalence of MSSA from caprine origin(goat 83.33%)as compared to pet(cat 69.33%;dog 65.33%)and bovine origin(buffalo 26.66%;cattle 31.66%).The in-vitro findings of current study revealed oxytetracycline and gentamicin presented 100%efficacy against MSSA of all origins while the vancomycin presented>35%,>40%and>65%resistance against MSSA isolated from bovine,caprine and pet origin respectively.However,ciprofloxacin was equally effective(50%)against MSSA from buffalo and cattle while>80%efficacy was noted against MSSA from cat and dogs.Linezolid and amoxicillin+clavulanic acid were 77.78%and 66.67%sensitive to MSSA isolates from caprine milk.The present study found higher prevalence of MSSA from bovine,caprine and pet isolates with diversified pattern of susceptibility of different antibiotics from all sources.展开更多
The Tibetan antelope is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau,China,and is now considered an endangered species.As a possible rescue strategy,the development of embryos constructed by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transf...The Tibetan antelope is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau,China,and is now considered an endangered species.As a possible rescue strategy,the development of embryos constructed by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer(iSCNT)was examined.Tibetan antelope fibroblast cells were transferred into enucleated bovine,ovine and caprine oocytes.These cloned embryos were then cultured in vitro or in the oviducts of intermediate animals.Less than 0.5%of the reconstructed antelope-bovine embryos cultured in vitro developed to the blastocyst stage.However,when the cloned antelope-bovine embryos were transferred to caprine oviducts,about 1.6%of the embryos developed to the blastocyst stage.In contrast,only 0.7%of the antelope-ovine embryos developed to the morula stage and none developed to blastocysts in ovine oviducts.The treatment of donor cells and bovine oocytes with trichostatin A did not improve the embryo development even when cultured in the oviducts of ovine and caprine.When the antelope-bovine embryos,constructed from oocytes treated with roscovitine or trichostatin A,were cultured in rabbit oviducts 2.3%and 14.3%developed to blastocysts,respectively.It is concluded that although some success was achieved with the protocols used,interspecies cloning of Tibetan antelope presents difficulties still to be overcome.The mechanisms resulting in the low embryo development need investigation and progress might require a deeper understanding of cellular reprogramming.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500908)。
文摘Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus(CAEV) is an under-studied virus infecting caprines and ovines worldwide. Over the last four decades, CAEV has spread in China, obtaining genomic data on CAEV strains circulating in China is of importance for developing diagnostic methods and eradicating associated diseases. However, there is limited information on the genome, including characterizations, and the probable origin. This work aimed to characterize Chinese CAEV genomes and population structures. Five CAEV strains isolated from infected dairy goats between 1989and 1994 in Gansu, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Shandong and Sichuan provinces were cloned and sequenced. The Chinese CAEV had a 58–93% genome similarities to strains outside of China, and they belonged to subgenotype B1. The highest similarity levels(98.3–99.3%) were with two other Chinese strains, and they shared a 91.8–92.3% similarity with the strain Clements(GenBank accession no. NC_001463.1) from outside of China. The Chinese CAEV strains isolated from different provinces over five years were still highly homologous and contained unique ancestral population components,indicating that these Chinese strains had a common origin that differed from other known strains. Our results provide genomic data on circulating Chinese CAEV strains and will be useful for future epidemiological investigations and CAEV eradication programs.
文摘Elevation of acid degree values (ADV) and peroxide value (POV) indicates deterioration of nutritional and sensory qualities of dairy products during storage. Iron fortification in bovine milk cheeses in relation to lipolytic parameters and their correlations have been studied, while no such studies have been reported on caprine milk cheeses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate levels of ADV and POV of iron fortified [regular ferrous sulfate (RFS) and large microencapsulated ferrous sulfate (LMFS)] goat milk Cheddar cheeses compared to those of non-fortified control cheese (CC) and their correlations. Three batches of 3 types (CC, RFS and LMFS added) of goat milk cheeses were manufactured and stored at two temperatures (4°C and -18°C) for 0, 2 and 4 months. Iron was supplemented to RFS and LMFS cheeses by 8.23 g and 9.03 g per 9 kg, respectively. ADV and POV were determined using standard methods of examining dairy products (Richardson, 1985) and AOCS (1975) procedures. Results showed that ADV values for CC, RFS and LMFS cheeses for 0 and 4 month storage at 4°C were: 0.67, 0.73, 0.64;1.24, 1.78, 1.58, respectively, indicating significant (P < 0.05) elevations occurred in ADV for all three cheeses during 4 months storage. The cheese samples at 4 months storage showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher peroxide values compared to 0 and 2 month stored ones. The samples stored at refrigeration temperature (4°C) revealed slightly more lipid oxidation than those stored at frozen temperature (-18°C). Significant (P < 0.05) elevations in POV for all goat cheeses stored for 4 months and slight increases in POV at higher temperature implies that the longer time and higher temperature storage can elevate the rate of lipid oxidation in goat milk Cheddar cheeses. Correlations (r) between ADV and POV for the pooled data of three types of the caprine cheeses across storage periods were significant (P < 0.01), while r values of CC cheeses alone were negative. It was concluded that significant correlations exist between extents of lipolysis and lipid oxidation in the caprine milk Cheddar cheeses during 4 months storage.
文摘A two-step-cascade membrane separation by ultrafiltration was performed on caprine milk prepared under different temperature conditions to eliminate beta-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) from the whey fraction. Effects of temperature treatment and membrane pore size on the elimination of β-Lg and retention of alpha-lactalbumin (α-La) were examined to determine the optimum permeate fraction for production of infant formula analogues from caprine milk. The frozen raw caprine milk, with and without prior pasteurization, showed the best membrane separation performance. The permeates obtained from the 800/30kDa membrane combination showed the optimal results. The infant formula analog produced using the casein and 800/30kDa-permeate fractions of the treated caprine milk had the closest similarity to human milk with respect to the total protein content (1.3g 100g-1), beta-lactoglobulin content (1% - 2%), and casein- α-lactalbumin ratio (0.6 - 0.7). Membrane performance during ultrafiltration of caprine milk was affected by temperature treatment of the milk prior to membrane separation.
文摘The objective of this study was to develop and validate a colorimetric assay to measure caprine serum albumin (CSA) concentrations in milk. The principle of the say was based on the binding of albumin to bromocresol green (BCG) dye at pH 4.0. The absorption of the dye-albumin complex was determined spectrophotometrically at 640 nm. A linear relationship existed between CSA concentrations (0.01 to 8.0 mg/ml) and absorbance values. Intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation for the proposed assay were 2.6% and 12% respectively. Recovery from milk samples spiked with albumins was 89.15% ± 7.6%. The developed assay was validated using 126 milk samples collected from lactating Saanen goats at various stages of lactation`. Caprine serum albumin concentrations in milk ranged between 0.31 and 0.52 mg/ml. The concentrations of CSA were significantly higher
文摘The objective of this study was to test the use of a commercial extender (Triladyl) as a diluent in caprine semen refrigerated at 15℃, using caffeine (CF), heparin (HP), synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) andtriladyl (TRY) as capacitating chemical agents at different times. Twenty ejaculates of caprine semen were collected using an artificial vagina. The ejaculates were diluted and refrigerated by three days. Evaluated the progressive motility (PM) and the functional state of the sperm plasma membrane trough fluorescent CTC staining, counting 200 spermatic cells (non-capacitated spermatozoa NCS, capacitated CS and reacting spermatozoa REA) of caprine in two capacitating agents: CAF and HEP;one culture medium:SOF and a commercial extender: TRY at 60, 120, 180 and 240 min of incubation, during 24, 48 and 72 hs. PM was high under TRY, and CS was high under the HEP treatment. TRY could be an alternative to capacitate caprine spermatozoa, keeping PM for a longer time than HEP or CAF.
基金Supported by Major Science and Technology Projection of Gansu Province(1203NKDA040)Science and Technology Development Program of Lanzhou City(2011-1-107)Special Project of Agricultural Biotechnology of Gansu Province(GNSW-2010-09)
文摘Three batches of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia inactivated vaccine( M1601 strain) developed by the laboratory were studied from the aspects of safety,minimum immune dose,immunity duration and storage life. The results showed that the vaccine was safe to goats under different physiological conditions.Regardless of lambs or adult goats,the minimum immune dose was 3 m L,and the immunity duration and the storage life were 6 and 12 months,respectively.
文摘The production of cells capable of expressing gene(s) of interest is important for a variety of applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, including gene therapy and a novel method of stem cell therapy in the various diseases. Achieving high levels of transgene expression for the longer period of time, without adversely affecting cell viability and differentiation capacity of the cells, is crucial. In the present study, we investigated the efficiency of plasmid vector for the production of transgenic cMSCs and examined any functional change of cells after transfection. To do so first we have collected bone marrows from the adult goats and cultured them for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (cBM-MSCs). These cells were characterized using MSC specific markers including differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes. Transfection with plasmid vector did not adversely affect cBM-MSCs morphology, viability or differentiation potential, and transgene expression levels were unaffected beyond passage 12th. The results indicated that we have been able to generate transgenic caprine MSC (tcBM-MSC) and transfection of cBM-MSCs using plasmid vector resulted in very high and stable transfection efficiency. This finding may have considerable significance in improving the efficacy of MSC-based therapies and their tracking in animal model.
文摘Background: Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a devastating disease of goats caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp). The disease was first confirmed in Uganda in 1995 in Karamoja region. Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia negatively impacts on goats’ productivity but its extent and magnitude among the local communities in Uganda remain unknown. A cross sectional study was conducted in the districts of Agago and Otuke neighboring Karamoja in Northern Uganda during the months of July and August 2011 to explore for the status of the disease. Methods: Five hundred and four serum samples from goats were obtained from randomly selected unvaccinated herds and 100 goats from vaccinated herds. Serum samples were examined for antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp) by ELISA method. A total of 162 semi-structured questionnaires were administered to selected farmers to obtain information on their understanding of the disease and the risk factors they associated with CCPP. Eight focus group discussions were also conducted with selected farmer groups to obtain detailed qualitative information on CCPP. Results: Among the unvaccinated goats, seroprevalence of CCPP was 32 (17.7%) and 52 (23.3%) for Agago and Otuke districts respectively. Levels of antibodies against Mccp were higher among vaccinated goats than unvaccinated ones (mean optical densities (ODs) of 0.905 and 0.776, p = 0.08). Majority of the farmers 121 (74.7%) had knowledge on CCPP and recognized that CCPP was among the major challenges to goat production in Uganda. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that CCPP was prevalent in Agago and Otuke districts, which are outside but close to Karamoja region where the disease was previously confirmed. There is a need for wider and detailed studies to investigate further CCPP in other districts of Uganda for effective preventive and control of CCPP in Uganda and the neighboring countries.
基金supported by the Egyptian Education and Cultural Bureau and the Center of Excellence in Livestock Diseases and Human Health
文摘Background： Adult mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） can be conveniently sampled from bone marrow, peripheral blood, muscle, adipose and connective tissue, harvested from various species, including, rodents, dogs, cats, horses, sheep, goats and human beings. The MSCs isolated from adult tissues vary in their morphological and functional properties. These variations are further complicated when cells are expanded by passaging in culture. These differences and changes in MSCs must be considered prior to their application in the clinic or in a basic research study. Goats are commonly used as animal models for bone tissue engineering to test the potential of stem cells for bone regeneration. As a result, goat MSCs isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue should be evaluated using in vitro assays, prior to their application in a tissue engineering project. Results： In this study, we compared the stem cell properties of MSCs isolated from goat bone marrow and adipose tissue. We used quantitative and qualitative assays with a focus on osteogenesis, including, colony forming unit, rate of cell proliferation, tri-lineage differentiation and expression profiling of key signal transduction proteins to compare MSCs from low and high passages. Primary cultures generated from each source displayed the stem cell characteristics, with variations in their osteogenic potentials. Most importantly, low passaged bone marrow MSCs displayed a significantly higher and superior osteogenic potential, and hence, will be the preferred choice for bone tissue engineering in future in vivo experiments. In the bone marrow MSCs, this process is potentially mediated by the p38 MAPK pathway. On the other hand, osteogenic differentiation in the adipose tissue MSCs may involve the p44/42 MAPK pathway. Conclusions： Based on these data, we can conclude that bone marrow and fat-derived MSCs undergo osteogenesis via two distinct signaling pathways. Even though the bone marrow MSCs are the preferred source for bone tissue engineering, the adipose tissue MSCs are an attractive alternative source and undergo osteo-differentiation differently from the bone marrow MSCs and hence, might require a cell-based enhancer/inducer to improve their osteogenic regenerative capacity.
基金supported by Agricultural Biotechnology Project of Gansu Province (GNSW-2005-16)Key Project of Sci and Tech of Gansu Province (0702NKDA040)
文摘The known mycoplasmas isolated from goats and sheep were listed. The pathogenicity of these mycoplasmas and their effects during occurrence of mycoplasmosis were summarized.
文摘The study was conducted to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cd and Pb) in the liver, kidney and flesh of Cattle, Sheep and Goats from Anka and Bukkuyum Local Government areas of Zamfara State Nigeria. The levels of heavy metals in the liver, kidney and flesh of beef, mutton and caprine ranged from 56 to 549 μg·g-1 for Zn;109 to 576 μg·g-1 for Fe;0.0 to 4.0 μg·g-1 for Pb;2.52 to 13.25 μg·g-1 for Mn;0.00 to 19.64 μg·g-1 for Cr;0.00 to 0.25 μg·g-1 for Cd;0.00 to 2.71 μg·g-1 for Co and 3.59 to 538 μg·g-1 for Cu. The concentration of Cr, Pb and Mn in the kidneys and livers of the samples were observed to be higher than the maximum allowable level. Similarly, the exception of Cr in the liver of sheep and goat from Anka and liver of sheep from Bukkuyum, Pb in some liver and kidney samples and Mn in some liver, kidney samples and flesh of cattle from Anka were found to be polluted and hence unsafe for consumption.
文摘A new method of experimental infection of ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV), aerosol nebulization (Nb), was compared to intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) methods of experimental infection. Seven month old lambs were given 3.5 × 107 TCID50 of Dubois OPPV LMH19 isolate using IV, PO, or Nb methods and were monitored for infection using cELISA and OPPV quantitative (q) PCR for 35 weeks. Four out of four sheep in the IV group, six out of six sheep in the Nb group, but only two out of six sheep in the PO group became infected by OPPV;whereas the uninoculated controls (n = 2) and a sentinel control (n = 1) remained uninfected during the course of the study. The time to a cELISA or OPPV qPCR positive result in the Nb group was quicker and statistically different from the time to a cELISA or OPPV qPCR positive result in the PO group (cELISA P value = 0.0021 and OPPV qPCR P value = 0.0007). When the Nb and IV groups were compared, sheep became cELISA and OPPV qPCR positive at similar times (cELISA P value = 0.6 and OPPV qPCR P value = 0.1). In addition, sheep became OPPV qPCR positive prior to cELISA in both the IV and Nb groups (IV P value = 0.027 and Nb P value = 0.007). Aerosol nebulization is a more natural experimental method of transmitting OPPV and may be valuable for testing potential vaccines or specific host genetics.
文摘Staphylococcus aureus is an important zoonotic pathogen that is responsible for a variety of infectious diseases in humans and animals.The present study was designed to check the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of MSSA from three different animal origins(bovine,caprine and pet).A total of n=450 samples(150 each source)were collected from bovine,caprine and pets.Collected samples were subjected to S.aureus identification by microbiological examination and confirmed S.aureus isolates were put to oxacillin disk diffusion test to declare them MSSA.The MSSA confirmed isolates were subjected to various antibiotics for susceptibility profiling using Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion test.The present study found higher prevalence of MSSA from caprine origin(goat 83.33%)as compared to pet(cat 69.33%;dog 65.33%)and bovine origin(buffalo 26.66%;cattle 31.66%).The in-vitro findings of current study revealed oxytetracycline and gentamicin presented 100%efficacy against MSSA of all origins while the vancomycin presented>35%,>40%and>65%resistance against MSSA isolated from bovine,caprine and pet origin respectively.However,ciprofloxacin was equally effective(50%)against MSSA from buffalo and cattle while>80%efficacy was noted against MSSA from cat and dogs.Linezolid and amoxicillin+clavulanic acid were 77.78%and 66.67%sensitive to MSSA isolates from caprine milk.The present study found higher prevalence of MSSA from bovine,caprine and pet isolates with diversified pattern of susceptibility of different antibiotics from all sources.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB22306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31372289).
文摘The Tibetan antelope is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau,China,and is now considered an endangered species.As a possible rescue strategy,the development of embryos constructed by interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer(iSCNT)was examined.Tibetan antelope fibroblast cells were transferred into enucleated bovine,ovine and caprine oocytes.These cloned embryos were then cultured in vitro or in the oviducts of intermediate animals.Less than 0.5%of the reconstructed antelope-bovine embryos cultured in vitro developed to the blastocyst stage.However,when the cloned antelope-bovine embryos were transferred to caprine oviducts,about 1.6%of the embryos developed to the blastocyst stage.In contrast,only 0.7%of the antelope-ovine embryos developed to the morula stage and none developed to blastocysts in ovine oviducts.The treatment of donor cells and bovine oocytes with trichostatin A did not improve the embryo development even when cultured in the oviducts of ovine and caprine.When the antelope-bovine embryos,constructed from oocytes treated with roscovitine or trichostatin A,were cultured in rabbit oviducts 2.3%and 14.3%developed to blastocysts,respectively.It is concluded that although some success was achieved with the protocols used,interspecies cloning of Tibetan antelope presents difficulties still to be overcome.The mechanisms resulting in the low embryo development need investigation and progress might require a deeper understanding of cellular reprogramming.
