Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Captopril对急性心肌梗塞后左心室重构的影响

目的 观察Ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ 对心肌梗塞大鼠血流动力学和心脏形态学的影响，以探讨左室重构的机制；方法 选用大鼠心肌梗塞模型，分为心肌梗塞组、梗塞给药组和假手术组。梗塞前３ 天开始饲以Ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ（２ｇ／Ｌ） ；结果 心梗后左室重量指数及左室腔半径分别比假手术组增加１０ ．４ ％ 和２４ ．５ ％ ， 使用Ｃａｐ 后左室腔半径降低１２ ．７ ％ ； 心梗后ＬＶＥＤＰ明显增加，使用Ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ 后使ＬＶＥＤＰ明显降低，亦使ＭＡＰ、ＬＶＳＰ及±ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ 降低（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ；结论 心梗后应用Ｃａｐｔｏｐｒｉｌ 可以减轻左室重构，改善心功能。

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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Enalapril和Captopril对急性心肌梗塞后大鼠心脏形态学影响的比较

目的 旨在观察Enalapril和Captopril对心肌梗塞大鼠心脏形态学的影响 ,比较两药的差异 ,以探讨左室重构的机制。方法 选用大鼠心肌梗塞模型 ,分为假手术组、心肌梗塞组、梗塞给药Enalapril组和梗塞给药Captopril组 ,梗塞前 3天开始饲以Enalapril和Captopril。 结果 心梗后左室重量指数及左室腔半径分别比假手术组增加 10 .4 %和 2 4 .5% ,使用Enalapril和Captopril后左室腔半径降低 13.2 %和 12 .7% ,但两给药组无差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 心梗后应用Enalapril和Captopril可减轻左室重构 ,改善心功能 。

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

卡托普利联合小剂量胺碘酮对病毒性心肌炎合并室性心律失常患儿心电图、心肌损伤标记物和心功能的影响

目的:观察卡托普利联合小剂量胺碘酮对病毒性心肌炎(VMC)合并室性心律失常(VA)患儿心电图、心肌损伤标记物和心功能的影响。方法:将118例VMC合并VA患儿随机分为观察组(n=60例)和对照组(n=58例),两组均常规抗病毒和营养心肌治疗,对照组在其基础上给予小剂量胺碘酮治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予卡托普利治疗,两组疗程2周。观察两组治疗前后动态心电图检查、心肌损伤标记物和心功能的变化情况;并统计两组临床疗效和不良反应。结果:观察组VA和MVC治疗的总有效率显著高于对照组(P均<0.05);两组治疗后PVC、NSVT发生频率较治疗前显著降低,心率变异性(HRV)相关参数(SDNN、RMSSD、SDANN和PNN50)较治疗前均显著升高,观察组治疗后以上指标均优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后血浆CK-MB、CK、cTnI、LDH和AST较治疗前均显著降低,观察组治疗后以上心肌损伤标记物水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后LVEF、FS和E/A较治疗前均显著升高(P<0.05),LVEDD和LVESD均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),观察组治疗后以上指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:卡托普利联合小剂量胺碘酮能够促进VMC合并VA患儿心律转复,改善HRV,还能加强心肌保护,提高心功能,疗效确定且安全性好。

卡托普利与双氢克尿塞合用对血脂代谢的影响

目的:评价小剂量双氢克尿噻以及小剂量双氢克尿噻与卡托普利合用对高血压病患者血脂的影响。方法:针对基层高血压患者,投用小剂量双氢克尿噻(12.5mg/d)2周,根据血压达标情况加用卡托普利(99例,A组),或继续维持小剂量双氢克尿噻(67例,B组)治疗,随访3个月,观察用药前后血压、心率,血脂的变化。结果:两组的基线资料包括性别比、年龄、血压水平等无显著差异(P>0.05);两组治疗后血压、心率较治疗前均明显下降(P<0.05);经三个月治疗后,B组病人治疗后总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)无显著变化(P>0.05),A组用药后TC、HDL-C水平无显著改变,TG水平显著降低(P<0.05),LDL-C显著升高(P<0.05,但在正常范围)。两组治疗后TC、HDL-C等血脂水平下降幅度无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:小剂量双氢克尿噻和小剂量双氢克尿噻加用卡托普利两种治疗方案对基层高血压患者血脂无显著影响。

卡托普利对糖尿病性心肌病大鼠心肌组织能量代谢和炎症反应的影响

目的 探讨卡托普利保护心肌组织的作用机制。方法 (1)将糖尿病性心肌病大鼠分为对照组和治疗组,治疗组每天给予卡托普利1.5 mg/kg·b.w.,口服15 w;(2)从动物心肌组织中抽提mRNA,经逆转录分别用Cy3、Cy5荧光标记,获得两组动物来源的cDNA探针;(3)cDNA探针与基因表达谱芯片杂交,结果由扫描仪扫描并用软件进行分析统计。结果 (1)脂肪酸b氧化相关基因、线粒体电子质子偶联和氧化磷酸化相关基因、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADP)依赖的白三烯B4羟基脱氢酶基因在治疗组中表达明显上调。(2)二甲基精氨酸水解酶基因在干预治疗组中表达明显下调。结论 卡托普利可能通过改善病变心肌的能量供应、抑制炎症反应对糖尿病性心肌病心肌组织起保护作用。

葛根素联合卡托普利治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床观察

目的:比较卡托普利单药治疗及葛根素与卡托普利联合用药治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效。方法:选择2008年6月至2012年6月在怀化市第一人民医院治疗的148例慢性心力衰竭患者为研究对象,将所有患者随机分为卡托普利组(n=74)及葛根素+卡托普利联用组(实验组;n=74),治疗4周后观察治疗前后临床症状的变化。结果:治疗4周后两组的多数患者痊愈,卡托普利组和实验组的总有效例数分别为55(74.32%)和65(87.83%)例,两组的疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.4048,P<0.05)。结论:葛根素与卡托普利联合治疗心力衰竭的疗效优于单用卡托普利,值得临床推广应用。

联合应用ACEI和β受体阻滞剂治疗充血性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的:观察常规治疗基础上联合应用卡托普利和倍他乐克对充血性心力衰竭的疗效。方法:选择94例充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者,随机分为对照组(n=4 6 )和观察组(n=4 8) ,对照组予以常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗的基础上,加用卡托普利和倍他乐克,疗程8周。比较两组疗效。结果:观察组4 4例有效,总有效率为91.6 7% ,对照组35例有效,总有效率为76 .0 9%。两组间比较有显著性差异(P<0 .0 1)。观察组的收缩压、舒张压、心率较对照组有明显下降(P<0 .0 1) ,左室射血分数上升(P<0 .0 1)。结论:常规治疗基础上加用卡托普利和倍他乐克能有效改善CHF患者的心功能,疗效优于常规治疗。

益气养阴方配合RAS阻断剂治疗儿童慢性肾病的疗效及安全性评价

目的:探讨益气养阴方配合RAS阻断剂治疗儿童慢性肾病的疗效及安全性评价,旨在能够为临床诊断治疗提供一定的指导意义。方法:82例慢性肾病患儿根据随机分组法分为治疗组和对照组各41例。两组均给予常规激素治疗,对照组给予卡托普利联合氯沙坦治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予益气养阴方治疗。两组疗程均为24周。对比分析两组治疗疗效、24h尿蛋白水平、Scr和BUN水平及治疗期间药物副作用发生情况。结果:治疗组总有效率(95.12%)高于对照组(75.61%)(P<0.05);两组患儿24h尿蛋白水平治疗后较治疗前减少(P<0.05);治疗组24h尿蛋白水平治疗后低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患儿Scr和BUN平治疗后较治疗前减少(P<0.05);治疗组Scr和BUN水平治疗后低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组患儿不良反应发生率(2.44%)低于对照组(19.51%)(P<0.05)。结论:益气养阴方配合RAS阻断剂治疗儿童慢性肾病疗效显著,安全性好。