Long-term irritable bowel syndrome symptom control with reintroduction of selected FODMAPs

To investigate the long-term effect of dietary education on a low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide and polyol (FODMAP) diet on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and quality of life (QoL). METHODSParticipants with IBS (Rome III) were randomized to two groups. Group I commenced a low FODMAP diet at baseline. At three months, group II, so far a comparator group, crossed over to a low FODMAP diet while group I started re-challenging foods. All patients completed the IBS SSS (IBS symptom severity scoring system, 0-500 points increasing with severity), IBS QoL questionnaire (0-100 increasing with QoL), a FODMAP specific food frequency questionnaire and provided a stool sample at baseline, three and six months for microbiome analysis. RESULTSFifty participants were enrolled into group I (n = 23) or group II (n = 27). Participants in both groups were similar in baseline values but with more men in group I. There was a significantly lower IBS SSS (275.6 ± 63.6 to 128.8 ± 82.5 vs 246.8 ± 71.1 to 203.6 ± 70.1) (P < 0.0002) and increased QoL (68.5 ± 18.0 to 83 ± 13.4 vs 72.9 ± 12.8 to 73.3 ± 14.4) (P < 0.0001) in group I vs group II at 3 mo. The reduced IBS SSS was sustained at 6 mo in group I (160 ± 102) and replicated in group II (124 ± 76). Fiber intake decreased on the low FODMAP diet (33 ± 17 g/d to 21 ± 8 g/d) (P < 0.01) and after re-introducing FODMAP containing foods increased again to 27 ± 9 g/d. There was no change seen in the intestinal microbiome when participants adopted a low FODMAP diet. CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that a reduction in FODMAPs improves symptoms in IBS and this improvement can be maintained while reintroducing FODMAPs.

Irritable bowel syndrome and food interaction

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in Western countries. Despite the high prevalence of this disorders, the therapeutic management of these patients is often unsatisfactory. A number of factors have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS, including impaired motility and sensitivity, increased permeability, changes in the gut microbiome and alterations in the brain-gut axis. Also food seems to play a critical role: the most of IBS patients report the onset or the exacerbation of their symptoms after the meals. Recently, an increasing attention has been paid to the role of food in IBS. In this review we summarize the most recent evidences about the role of diet on IBS symptoms. A diet restricted in fermentable, poorly absorbed carbohydrates and sugar alcohols has beneficial effects on IBS symptoms. More studies are needed to improve our knowledge about the relationship between food and IBS. However, in the foreseeable future, dietary strategies will represent one of the key tools in the therapeutic management of patients with IBS.

Characterization of genomic,physiological,and probiotic features Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DY46 strain isolated from traditional lactic acid fermented shalgam beverage

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a significant probiotic where it could be found in ubiquitous niches.In this study,a new Lb.plantarum strain DY46 was isolated from a traditional lactic-acid-fermented beverage called shalgam.The whole genome of the DY46 was sequenced and obtained sequences were assembled into a 3.32 Mb draft genome using PATRIC(3.6.8.).The DY46 genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 3,332,827 bp that is predicted to carry 3219 genes,including 61 tRNA genes,2 rRNA operons.The genome has a GC content of 44.3%includes 98 predicted pseudogenes,25 complete or partial transposases and 3 intact prophages.The genes encoding enzymes related in the intact EMP(Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas)and PK(phosphoketolase)pathways were predicted using BlastKOALA which is an indicator of having facultative heterofermentative pathways.DY46 genome also predicted to carry genes of Pln E,Pln F and Pln K showing the antimicrobial potential of this bacterium which can be linked to in vitro antagonism tests that DY46 can inhibit S.enterica sv.Typhimurium ATCC14028,K.pneumonie ATCC13883,and P.vulgaris ATCC8427.Moreover,it is determined that all resistome found in its genome were intrinsically originated and the strain was found to be tolerant to acid and bile concentrations by mimicking human gastrointestinal conditions.In conclusion,L.plantarum DY46 is a promising bacterium that appears to have certain probiotic properties,confirmed by“in vitro”and“in silico”analyses,and is a potential dietary supplement candidate that may provide functional benefits to the host.