In-situ fabrication of carbon compound NiFeMo-P anchored on nickel foam as bi-functional catalyst for boosting overall water splitting

The efficient non-noble metal-based bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)has attracted great interest,which is highly significant to enhance the efficiency of hydrogen production from water electrolysis.Herein,inspired by the appropriate hydrogen adsorption free energy of transition metal alloy and the strong corrosion resistance of phosphide in alkaline electrolyte,carbon compound NiFeMo-P anchored on nickel foam(NiFeMo-P-C)is obtained by simple one-pot hydrothermal and subsequent hydrogen reduction treatment.Remarkably,the NiFeMo-P-C exhibits excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic performances toward HER and OER with low overpotentials of 87 and 196 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2),respectively.Moreover,the electrolyzer using NiFeMo-P-C as both cathode and anode only requires a cell voltage of 1.50 V to reach a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2),along with an outstanding long-term stability for 50 h.The synergistic effect among alloys and phosphide,partially broken hollow morphology and porous nickel foam substrate jointly impart NiFeMo-P-C high electrocatalytic activity and superior durability.

Mechanical Property and Microstructure of Cement Mortar with Carbonated Recycled Powder

Carbonated recycled powder as cementitious auxiliary material can reduce carbon emissions and realize high-quality recycling of recycled concrete.In this paper,microscopic property of recycled powder with three carbonation methods was tested through XRD and SEM,the mechanical property and microstructure of recycled powder mortar with three replacement rates were studied by ISO method and SEM,and the strengthening mechanism was analyzed.The results showed that the mechanical property of recycled powder mortar decreased with the increasing of replacement rate.It is suggested that the replacement rate of recycled powder should not exceed 20%.The strength index and activity index of carbonated recycled powder mortar were improved,in which the flexural strength was increased by 27.85%and compressive strength was increased by 20%at the maximum.Recycled powder can be quickly and completely carbonated,and the improvement effect of CH pre-soaking carbonation was the best.The activity index of carbonated recycled powder can meet the requirements of Grade II technical standard for recycled powder.Microscopic results revealed the activation mechanism of carbonated recycled powder such as surplus calcium source effect,alkaline polycondensation effect and carbonation enhancement effect.

Improvement of visible light-induced photocatalytic performance by Cr-doped SrTiO_3-carbon nitride intercalation compound (CNIC) composite

Novel organic-inorganic composite photocatalyst offers new opportunities in the practical applications of photocatalysis. Novel visible light-induced Cr-doped Sr Ti O3–carbon nitride intercalation compound(CNIC) composite photocatalysts were synthesized. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy, and BET surface area analyzer. The photocatalytic oxidation ability of the novel composite photocatalyst was evaluated using methyl orange(MO) as a target pollutant. The photocatalysts exhibited a significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance in degrading MO. For maximizing the photodegradation activity of the composite photocatalysts, the optimal CNIC content was determined. The improved photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared Cr-doped Sr Ti O3–CNIC composite photocatalyst may be attributed to the enhancement of photo-generated electron–hole separations at the interface.

Experimental Observation of Cubic C_3N_4 Compound in Carbon Nitride Thin Films

Cubic C3N4 compound in the C-N thin films on Si and NaCl substrates was prepared by ion beam sputtering of a pure graphite target with discharge gas of pure N2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that nitrogen atoms combined with sp2- and sp3- coordinated C atoms in the film, respectively. X-ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy were used to identify the cubic C3N4 phase. The results reconfirm the ab initio calculations on metastable structure in C-N compounds

Hierarchical pore structure of activated carbon fabricated by CO_2/microwave for volatile organic compounds adsorption

An activated carbon pore-expanding technique was achieved through innovative reactivation by CO_2/microwave.The original and modified activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microcopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The mesopore volume increased from 0.122 cm^3·g^(-1) to 0.270 cm^3·g^(-1),and a hierarchical pore structure was formed.A gradual decrease in the phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of activated carbon enhanced the surface inertia of granular activated carbon(GAC).The toluene desorption rate of the modified sample increased by 8.81% compared with that of the original GAC.Adsorption isotherm fittings revealed that the Langmuir model was applicable for the original and modified activated carbons.The isosteric adsorption heat of toluene on the activated carbon decreased by approximately 50%,which endowed the modified sample with excellent stability in application.The modified samples showed an enhanced desorption performance of toluene,thereby opening a way to extend the cycle life and improve the economic performance of carbon adsorbent in practical engineering applications.

Prediction of Henry Constants and Adsorption Mechanism of Volatile Organic Compounds on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Using Support Vector Regression

Support vector regression （SVR） combined with particle swarm optimization for its parameter optimization is employed to establish a model for predicting the Henry constants of multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） for adsorption of volatile organic compounds （VOCs）. The prediction performance of SVR is compared with those of the model of theoretical linear salvation energy relationship （TLSER）. By using leave-one-out cross validation of SVR test Henry constants for adsorption of 35 VOCs on MWNTs, the root mean square error is 0.080, the mean absolute percentage error is only 1.19~, and the correlation coefficient （R2） is as high as 0.997. Compared with the results of the TLSER model, it is shown that the estimated errors by SVR are ali smaller than those achieved by TLSER. It reveals that the generalization ability of SVR is superior to that of the TLSER model Meanwhile, multifactor analysis is adopted for investigation of the influences of each molecular structure descriptor on the Henry constants. According to the TLSER model, the adsorption mechanism of adsorption of carbon nanotubes of VOCs is mainly a result of van der Waals and interactions of hydrogen bonds. These can provide the theoretical support for the application of carbon nanotube adsorption of VOCs and can make up for the lack of experimental data.

New CO_2-philic Compounds: Design, Synthesis and Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

A series of gluscose derivatives were designed, synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by IR, NMR and elementary analysis. All new compounds are highly soluble in liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide. The compound with electron-withdrawing substituent on benzene ring had even better solubility than the compounds with electron-donating substituent.

Synthesis of ZnGaNO solid solution–carbon nitride intercalation compound composite for improved visible light photocatalytic activity

Visible-light-driven ZnGaNO solid solution–carbon nitride intercalation compound(CNIC) composite photocatalyst was synthesized via a mixing and heating method. The composite photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy and BET surface area measurements. The activity of ZnGaNO–CNIC composite photocatalyst for photodegradation of methyl orange(MO) is higher than that of either single-phase CNIC or ZnGaNO solid solution. The as-prepared composite photocatalysts exhibit an improved photocatalytic activity due to enhancement for the separation and transport of photo-generated electron–hole pairs.

ELECTROCARBOXYLATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE CATALYTZED BY METALLOPORPHYRINS(Ⅳ)——EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON ELECTROCARBOXYLATION

The effects of various factors on the electrocarboxylation of organic compounds with carbon dioxide catalyzed by metalloporphyrin are studied.The optimal potential of electrocar- boxylation is -1.6 V(vs.SCE).A weak protic solvent methanol can enhance catalytic activity. Tetrabutylammonium iodide is the best one of five electrolytes.The yields and current efficiencies of electrocarboxylation are increased slowly as the concentration of catalyst increases.

ELECTROCARBOXYLATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE CATALYZED BY METALLOPORPHYRINS(Ⅲ)——EFFECTS OF AXIAL LIGANDS ON CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF CoTPP

The effects of peptides,amino acids and organic bases as an axial ligand on reaction ac- tivities in the electrocarboxylation of benzyl chloride with CO_2 catalyzed by CoTPP are reported. The imidazole organic base,peptide containing —SH and amino acid containing imidazolyl en- hance the catalytic activity.The effect of imidazole amounts on the catalytic activity of CoTPP is studied.

ELECTROCARBOXYLATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE CATALYZED BY METALLOPORPHYRINS(Ⅱ)——ELECTROSYNTHESIS OF SOME ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH CO_2 CATALYZED BY CoTPP

The catalyzation of CoTPP for electrocarboxylation of alkyl halides, alkenes and ketones with CO_2 are studied. The electrocarboxylation of these organic compounds with CO_2 in the presenec of catalyst can occur at more positive potential than that of no catalyst. The products of electrocarboxylation were identified by UV, IR and GC-MS. The electrocarboxylation mechanisms of different organic compounds are discussed.

氮肥配施生物质碳点对潮土微生物残体碳含量的影响

为探明碳氮投入下土壤微生物残体对有机碳积累的相对贡献,采用培养试验方法探究氮肥配施生物质碳点(简称碳点)对潮土微生物残体碳含量的影响。研究设置4个处理:空白(CK)、施碳点(CDs)、施氮(N)、施氮和碳点(N+CDs)。结果表明:与CK处理相比,CDs处理的无机氮(SIN)含量显著下降29.1%;与N处理比较,N+CDs处理的SIN含量显著下降32.8%,土壤脲酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性均显著下降(P<0.05)。CDs处理的土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量略高于CK处理,且CDs处理改变了DOC的官能团结构;N+CDs处理的DOC含量比N处理显著提高28.8%,N+CDs也提高了DOC中胺类和芳香类化合物含量。与N处理比较,N+CDs处理的细菌残体碳(BNC)和真菌残体碳(FNC)含量显著增加29.5%和17.7%(P<0.05),且提高了土壤微生物残体对有机碳积累的相对贡献。回归分析表明,总的细菌和真菌残体碳与土壤理化性质存在相关性。通过结构方程模型进一步验证,发现DOC中的芳香族化合物是调控BNC的主要因素,FNC主要受土壤氮净硝化速率和DOC的平均分子量调控,N+CDs处理主要通过改变潮土溶解性有机碳及官能团结构和氮转化速率影响微生物残体碳积累。

麦芽酚碳酸酯的合成及其裂解行为分析

为开发适用于加热卷烟的麦芽酚潜香化合物,将不同种类的醇与麦芽酚通过缩合反应合成7种麦芽酚碳酸酯。利用核磁共振和高分辨质谱技术对产物结构进行确认,并通过热重分析和在线热裂解-气相色谱-质谱联用分析技术考查7种麦芽酚碳酸酯的裂解行为。结果表明:在优化的合成条件下,7种麦芽酚碳酸酯产率范围为83.0%~94.3%;合成的麦芽酚碳酸酯的热失重过程主要存在直接挥发和裂解两种模式;麦芽酚碳酸酯在加热时均可裂解生成麦芽酚,其裂解能力与原料醇的类型密切相关,其中麦芽酚叔丁醇碳酸酯和麦芽酚苯甲醇碳酸酯最易发生裂解,在200℃的较低温度下便可迅速裂解并释放麦芽酚,与加热卷烟烟丝受热温度相适应,相比之下,麦芽酚仲醇碳酸酯的裂解能力较弱,而麦芽酚伯醇碳酸酯则难以在低温条件下发生裂解。

体育用碳纤维合成材料的改性与性能分析

本次研究通过氧化短切碳纤维对碳纤维织物/环氧树脂复合材料加以改性处理,制备出层间剪切强度更高的碳纤维复合材料。通过机械试验机来测试该材料的层间剪切强度,并通过微观形貌观测和比表面积测试等方法来解释改性碳纤维复合材料层间剪切强度提升的具体原因。经实验研究发现,本次研究所提出的氧化短切碳纤维改性策略能够使碳纤维织物/环氧树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度得到显著提升。

Structures and Properties of High-Carbon High Speed Steel by RE-Mg-Ti Compound Modification

The effects of rare earths(RE)-Mg-Ti compound modification on the structures and properties of high-carbon high speed steel(HSS) were researched.The impact toughness(α_k),the fracture toughness(K_(1c))and threshold of fatigue crack growth(ΔK_(th))are tested.The thermal fatigue test is done on a self-straining thermal fatigue tester,the wear test is done on a high temperature wear test machine.The results show that the matrix can be refined by the RE-Mg-Ti compound modification,the eutectic carbides are inclined to spheroidicize and are distributed evenly,the morphology and distribution of eutectic carbides are improved by appropriate RE-Mg-Ti complex modification.After RE-Mg-Ti compound modification,a little effects can be found on the strength,hardness and red hardness,but the fracture toughness(K_(1c)) and threshold of fatigue crack growth(△K_(th)) are improved in the meantime,the impact toughness (α_k) is increased by over one time,and the resistance to thermal fatigue and wear resistance at an elevated temperature are remarkably improved.

预制烤鱼水分分布及关键挥发性风味物质分析

以即热型预制烤鱼为研究对象,采用低场-核磁共振技术(Low field-nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)、顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱质谱联用技术(Headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS)对不同电烤条件下烤鱼水分分布及挥发性风味物质进行研究。结果表明:250℃烤制20 min的烤鱼加工损失率最低,持水力最高。烤鱼中水分主要形式为不易流动水,200℃烤鱼的弛豫时间T22、T23最低,其次是250℃烤鱼,T2反演谱整体向左移动,说明水的自由度降低。250℃烤制20 min的烤鱼不易流动水峰面积占比(A22)最高,达94.03%,自由水峰面积占比(A23)最低,为1.93%,说明肌肉组织持水较优。在5组烤鱼中共鉴定出70种挥发性物质,主要为醛类、酮类、醇类及烃类等。通过相对气味活度值(Relative odor activity value,ROAV)筛选出关键挥发性风味物质分别为12、9、11、8和8种。5组样品贡献较大的风味物质为己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、壬醛等,其中愈创木酚和4-甲基苯酚是碳烤烤鱼特有的关键风味物质。通过主成分分析,不同条件烤制的烤鱼关键挥发性风味物质差异明显。相关性分析表明,A22与异戊醛、庚醛和2,3-辛二酮呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与壬醛和愈创木酚呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。该研究结果为预制烤鱼开发提供参考。

复合溶剂液化制备乙酰丙酸乙酯的碳同位素分馏

利用单体稳定同位素分析(CSIA)技术研究C3、C4植物源原料液化生成乙酰丙酸乙酯(EL)过程中碳稳定同位素分馏特征。实验结果表明,在反应时间15 min内,C3、C4植物源原料液化生成EL的反应速率为木薯淀粉>玉米淀粉,杨木纤维素(P-C)>玉米秸秆纤维素(CS-C),杨木>玉米秸秆,液化生成EL过程中碳同位素比值的分馏速率为C3植物源原料>C4植物源原料,两者之间存在着直接的线性关系,液化反应速率较大时,δ^(13)C值的变化速率也大。结合瑞利方程量化液化过程中EL的^(13)C碳稳定同位素的富集程度,得到不同原料液化过程中富集因子大小为ε>ε,ε_(CS-C)>ε_(P-C),ε>ε,表明液化过程中碳同位素的富集程度与原料的δ^(13)C值相关,液化程度越大,δ^(13)C值变化程度越大,通过追踪反应过程中的碳稳定同位素分馏变化就可以反映其液化程度。此外,^(13)C同位素富集在中间产物5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)上,而在最终产物EL中相对较少;由于动力学同位素效应的存在,发生化学反应后,^(12)C同位素在EL中逐渐富集,^(13)C同位素富集在5-HMF中,说明在试验过程中5-HMF→EL的路径占优势。由此可知,CSIA可用于C3、C4植物源原料液化过程的研究。

正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成差异分析——以塔河油田奥陶系原油为例

【目的】为明确原油正构烷烃单体碳同位素(δ^(13)C_(alkane))组成差异的成因。【方法】研究分析了塔北地区奥陶系共计17个原油样品δ^(13)C_(alkane)组成特征,结合相关有机地球化学参数,从沉积环境、成熟度和生物降解作用三个方面解释了三类原油δ^(13)C_(alkane)值的变化趋势。【结果与结论】根据物性的差异,可将塔北地区原油分为重质、中质和轻质三类。塔北地区奥陶系原油δ^(13)C_(alkane)值介于-37‰~-31‰,呈现出海相原油的特征,表明原油δ^(13)C_(alkane)组成及分布范围受其形成的沉积环境和母质类型控制;从重质原油到中质原油再到轻质原油,成熟度逐渐增大,导致原油δ^(13)C_(alkane)值正偏;相较于中质原油和轻质原油,重质原油低碳数部分δ^(13)C_(alkane)明显变大,表明生物降解程度是重质原油中、低分子量正构烷烃δ^(13)C14~δ^(13)C19值正偏的主要影响因素。

熔盐法制备Co_(9)S_(8)/C锂离子电池负极材料及其性能研究

以氯化钴为钴源,硫脲为硫源,柠檬酸为碳源,冷冻干燥后,采用熔盐法在不同的温度进行退火处理得到Co_(9)S_(8)与C的复合物CS(CS-600,CS-700,CS-800,CS-900)。系统地探讨了不同的退火温度对产物的晶体结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。结果发现:和纯Co_(9)S_(8)样品相比,碳复合的Co_(9)S_(8)样品的循环性能与倍率性能得到了较大的提升。在煅烧温度为700℃时,所合成的样品CS-700具有最高的比容量与最好的循环性能,在100 mA·g^(-1)充放电循环100次后,放电比容量可以达到898.6 mAh·g^(-1),可作为锂离子电池负极材料的潜在选择。