Daily rolling estimation of carbon emission cost of coal-fired units considering long-cycle interactive operation simulation of carbon-electricity market

The high overlap of participants in the carbon emissions trading and electricity markets couples the operations of the two markets.The carbon emission cost(CEC)of coal-fired units becomes part of the power generation cost through market coupling.The accuracy of CEC calculation affects the clearing capacity of coal-fired units in the electric power market.Study of carbon–electricity market interaction and CEC calculations is still in its initial stages.This study analyzes the impact of carbon emissions trading and compliance on the operation of the electric power market and defines the cost transmission mode between the carbon emissions trading and electric power markets.A long-period interactive operation simulation mechanism for the carbon–electricity market is established,and operation and trading models of the carbon emissions trading market and electric power market are established.A daily rolling estimation method for the CEC of coal-fired units is proposed,along with the CEC per unit electric quantity of the coal-fired units.The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through an example simulation,and the factors influencing the CEC are analyzed.

A Mechanism for Digital Finance to Drive Green and Low-Carbon Development

Given the global focus on green and low-carbon development and the increasing prominence of digital finance,it is particularly important to explore how to leverage digital finance to achieve these environmental goals.This study,through mechanism analysis,deeply examines how China’s digital finance promotes green and low-carbon development and elucidates the positive interaction between digital finance and the green industry.The study found that digital finance,through more flexible and efficient financial functions,alters the cost structure of carbon emissions,and reduces the risks and costs of green investments,thereby creating a cooperative green mechanism benefiting all parties,and guiding social groups toward a green and low-carbon transformation.Additionally,the rapid development of digital finance has strengthened the implementation of environmental protection policies,effectively promoted the expansion of the environmental protection industry,and established the green ethos as a mainstream concept in financial development.This study aims to provide reference perspectives and suggestions,assist policymakers in promoting the green and lowcarbon development of digital finance,and offer insights into the integrated development of digital finance and the green environmental protection industry.

CGE model-based analysis of the neutralized hybrid carbon policy and its decomposed effects on economic growth,carbon reduction,and energy utilization costs

The hybrid policy is a flexible policy tool that combines features of carbon trading and carbon taxation.Its economic and environmental effects under China's background are still not studied in detail.Given the exogenous carbon reduction targets,carbon prices,and carbon tax-rates,by computable general equilibrium modeling methods and factor decomposition methods,this article investigates direct and cascaded effects of the hybrid policy on economic growth,energy utilization,and carbon emission on the national level and the sector level,with China's national input-output data-set.Stepwisely,policy scenarios with irrational estimated results are selectively excluded based on comprehensive evaluation among economic,carbon reduction and other policy targets.As a result,against national economic conditions in 2007,the hybrid policy,with a carbon reduction target of -10%,a carbon tax-rate of around $10,and a ceiling carbon price of $40,is highly recommended,because of its significant lower economic loss,lower energy utilization cost,and practical robustness against fluctuation of energy market and carbon market.Furthermore,by decomposition analysis,carbon reduction-related costs are decomposed into a direct part that includes carbon allowance price and carbon tax,and an indirect part as the energy price incremental induced by direct carbon costs.Gross carbon reduction may be decomposed into three parts such as energy intensity,economic scale,and technical progress.And,carbon taxation is the main policy tool that stimulates to improve the energy efficiency.

Amine-functionalized low-cost industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the capture of carbon dioxide

Industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes(IG-MWCNTs) are a low-cost substitute for commercially purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes(P-MWCNTs). In this work, IG-MWCNTs were functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA) for CO2capture. The TEPA impregnated IG-MWCNTs were characterized with various experimental methods including N2adsorption/desorption isotherms, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Both the adsorption isotherms of IGMWCNTs-n and the isosteric heats of different adsorption capacities were obtained from experiments. TEPA impregnated IG-MWCNTs were also shown to have high CO2adsorption capacity comparable to that of TEPA impregnated P-MWCNTs. The adsorption capacity of IG-MWCNTs based adsorbents was in the range of 2.145 to 3.088 mmol/g, depending on adsorption temperatures. Having the advantages of low-cost and high adsorption capacity, TEPA impregnated IG-MWCNTs seem to be a promising adsorbent for CO2capture from flue gas.

High loading FeS2 nanoparticles anchored on biomass-derived carbon tube as low cost and long cycle anode for sodium-ion batteries

In recent years, the sodium storage mechanism and performance optimization of FeS2 have been studied intensively. However, before the commercial application of FeS2, preconditions of low-cost, simple craft and scale production of nanoscale FeS2 are also essential. Based on above challenges, mesh-like FeS2/carbon tube/FeS2 composites are prepared simply from green, low-cost and renewable natural herb in this work. With the assistance of protogenetic interconnected carbon tube network(only 5.3 wt%), FeS2/carbon tube/FeS2 composites show high capacity(542.2 mA h g^-1), good stability(< 0.005% per cycle over 1000 cycles), and excellent rate performance(426.2 mA h g^-1 at 2 A g^-1).The outstanding electrochemical performance of FeS2/carbon tube/FeS2 composites may be attributed to the unique interconnected reticular structure, meaning that FeS2 nanoparticles are effectively immobilized by carbon tube network via physical encapsulation and chemical bonding.More importantly, this work may provide green and low cost preparation method for specially structured metal sulfides/carbon composites,which promotes their commercial utilization in environmentally friendly energy storage system.

ZTE DSLAM Improves Operators' Carbon Footprint and Slashes Power Costs

ZTE Corporation (ZTE), a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, revealed on May 6, 2008 that its award winning Broadband Universal Access System could help operators make a major impact on their carbon footprint as well as save millions of dollars a year in power costs. ZTE’s DSLAM ZXDSL FSAP 9806H overreaches the European code of conduct on energy consumption for broadband equipment, offering a significant power consumption savings per port.

Effect of Carbon Price Floor on Levelised Cost of Gas-Fired Generation Technology in the UK

The UK government implements carbon price floor to provide long-term incentive to invest in low-carbon technology, thus, fossil-fuel power plants have to face increasing carbon price. This report addresses the effect of carbon price floor on levelised cost of gas-fired generation technology through the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) ap-proach with the estimation of carbon price floor. Finally, the comparison of levelised cost of electricity for all generation technology in the UK will be shown and discussed.

碳限额约束下双渠道供应链减排成本分担演化博弈研究

碳限额背景下,考虑到碳减排技术的高成本,双渠道供应链中的制造商倾向于与零售商共担成本以减少企业风险。对制造商和零售商碳减排成本分担冲突问题进行研究,有助于供应链协同减排,促进国家实现碳减排目标。本文针对一个制造商和一个零售商组成的双渠道供应链系统,运用演化博弈模型研究碳限额约束下的减排成本分担及减排策略(投资碳减排技术和购买碳排放配额)选择问题,并分析价格调控机制对演化稳定策略的影响。研究发现:存在(制造商不投资,零售商不投资)、(制造商投资,零售商不投资)和(制造商不投资,零售商投资)三种演化稳定策略;进一步,当引入价格调控机制时,双渠道供应链系统在策略(制造商投资,零售商投资)上也能形成稳定。此外,通过仿真分析验证了上述理论结果,并讨论了不同情形下的产品批发价格、减排技术成本、碳交易成本、成本分担比例对制造商和零售商共同分担碳减排技术成本意愿的影响。

中国碳排放权交易机制与实践:基于微观企业股权资本成本的视角

碳排放权交易市场作为企业减排增效的重要机制,引发了资本市场投资者对企业碳排放问题的关注,进而可能影响投资者对企业的风险评估与价值判断。手工整理中国各试点碳市场的控排企业名录发现:碳排放权交易机制显著提升了控排企业的权益资本成本,主要机制为投资者碳风险关注,但该市场机制存在明显的效应边界。进一步发现,当碳市场的初始配额实施部分竞价拍卖和非履约主体交易更为活跃,产品市场竞争程度更高和企业所在城市空气污染更为严重,以及企业非财务绩效表现更好时,碳排放权交易机制对企业权益资本成本的提升作用更为明显。研究结论有助于更为全面的评估我国碳市场建设的经济后果,为该低碳环保政策的持续推广提供理论依据与经验参考。

依托湘桂运河的湖南省工程机械出口运费分析

运输费用分析是工程机械选择何种运输方式的重要决策依据。文章以三一重工的产品和运输需求为例,从运输方式的角度对工程机械进行分类,总结了公路运输和水路运输2种方式下工程机械运费的计算方法,根据湖南省货物运输市场的有关调研数据,对典型工程机械产品的运输费用进行了计算,对依托湘桂运河的新物流通道和现有物流通道2种物流通道的运费成本进行了比较分析。在此基础上,验证了水路滚装运输方式的可行性。研究为湖南省工程机械开展水路滚装运输提供了经济性分析参考,同时为湖南省内河航运绿色发展提供了新思路。

基于碳排放总量约束的我国产业部门碳配额分配研究

制定合理的碳配额分配方案是实现我国“碳达峰”目标的重要内容。从产业部门视角出发,基于2025年投入产出数据,综合运用ZSG-DEA模型、熵值法等设计了基于公平、效率和综合原则的碳配额分配方案。在此基础上,在碳市场规制下,通过构建减排压力指数和减排成本模型对比分析了其减排效应。研究发现:与公平、效率原则相比,综合原则下的分配方案减排压力水平适中,平均边际减排成本较低,产生额外收益的产业部门最多,产业部门间减排差异较小,并且完善的市场机制产生了正向影响。在当前我国现实情况下,基于综合原则的分配方案充分平衡了能源消耗、碳排放水平差异,并且能够兼顾环境效率和经济效益,更容易为产业部门所接受,要优于其他两种方案。研究结论为我国相关部门在碳配额分配原则和方法选择、碳市场行业覆盖范围设定等方面提供了重要的政策参考。

展厅效应下双渠道供应链的减排投资与协调策略研究

低碳经济的发展改变了双渠道供应链的决策环境,同时也改变了一些消费者的低碳偏好。在考虑展厅效应和消费者低碳偏好的基础上,构建碳交易机制下双渠道供应链的减排和服务运营决策模型,利用主从博弈分别求解集中决策和分散决策情形下的最优运营策略,分析制造商的最优减排率、零售商的最佳服务水平及渠道价格之间的作用机制。进一步设计服务成本分担契约解决碳交易政策下分散式双渠道供应链的双重边际效应问题,探究展厅效应、低碳偏好及成本分摊对供应链的影响。研究表明,单位碳交易价格会影响展厅效应与减排率的作用关系,通过调节渠道价格比可以提高减排率和零售商销售价格,服务成本分担契约能够使双渠道供应链实现帕累托改进。

碳中和视角下皮革企业环境成本核算与控制研究

碳中和是应对未来全球气候变暖、实现绿色可持续发展的重要举措。本文以碳中和背景下我国全面开展绿色可持续发展为抓手,对皮革企业的环境成本管理的成本核算、成本控制等工作的现状进行总结,认为当前我国皮革企业环境成本核算中存在环境成本确认不全面、环境成本分配不合理等问题;环境成本控制中存在环境成本披露实用性差、控制流程不完整等问题,针对这些问题提出了相应的优化方法。

碳排放权交易政策降低了高污染行业企业债务融资成本吗——基于多时点DID的检验

自2013年始实施碳排放权交易政策以来,高污染行业企业生产发展受到显著影响。采用多时点DID模型,以2009-2020年A股上市高污染行业企业数据为基础,检验碳排放权交易政策对高污染行业企业债务融资成本的影响。研究发现:碳排放权交易政策的实施对高污染行业企业债务融资成本起到了节约作用;碳排放权交易政策能够通过缓解融资约束和促进企业技术创新降低高污染行业企业的融资成本;内部控制质量高和媒体关注度高的高污染行业企业债务融资成本相对更低;中西部地区、中小规模高污染行业企业债务融资成本对碳排放权交易政策反应更为灵敏。本研究从企业微观经济视角补充了碳排放权交易政策的试行成果,为完善碳排放权交易运行机制,实现高污染行业企业减排、降本增效设计提供了理论依据。

平准化成本的加氢站供氢路径分析比较研究

为保证加氢站氢气供应、降低氢气终端价格,对不同加氢站供氢路径的经济可行性与适用场景进行了探讨。研究基于氢气的平准化成本建立了典型外供氢加氢站与站内制氢加氢站的经济模型,并对制氢原材料成本、氢气运输距离、能耗等关键影响因素进行敏感度分析,探究了不同来源和供给模式下氢气终端成本的形成机制。此外,通过建立生命周期模型,分析未来可能的碳税对于氢气消费终端价格的影响。结果表明,运输距离与单车承载量是外供氢路径下影响终端成本的主要因素,在考虑碳税情况下这种影响更为显著,而站内制氢路径下影响成本的主要因素为原材料价格和制氢能耗。有机液体储氢运输经济运输距离为220~1700 km,可覆盖我国主要大规模氢气运输场景;天然气站内重整在天然气供应充足、价格低于4元/m^(3)时优势明显;站内电解水与可再生能源发电结合经济和环境优势明显,供氢价格可维持在35元/kg以下。研究指明了我国加氢站不同供氢方式的未来发展方向,为供氢路径选择提供了可靠的经济评价方法,有望对加氢站建设与地区氢能发展政策制定提供有益参考。

社会资本与林农林业碳汇项目参与——基于交易费用经济学视角

作为林地最主要的经营主体,林农的参与是林业碳汇项目开发的首要环节。考虑到中国“关系型”社会的特征以及由此产生的交易费用问题,基于交易费用经济学视角,结合社会资本理论剖析林农参与林业碳汇项目的内在机理,同时利用宁陕县微观农户调研数据分析社会网络、社会信任与社会规范是否会影响林农林业碳汇项目参与决策并检验社会资本变量发挥作用的条件,研究表明:89%的样本林农参与了林业碳汇项目,显现出了较高的参与水平;Logit模型结果表明强关系网络、人际信任、制度信任、惩罚机制与互惠行为变量均对林农林业碳汇项目参与具有显著促进作用,而弱关系网络变量并不会影响到林农的林业碳汇项目参与决策;调节效应模型的结果则表明林农的合作社社员身份可以显著地增强社会资本各维度对林农林业碳汇项目参与的正向影响。

碳排放交易对建筑工程造价的影响研究

以某钢结构工业厂房为研究样本,运用建筑碳排放计算分析软件计算了建造阶段、建材生产阶段、建材运输阶段等对工程造价产生影响的建筑碳排放。通过建立碳交易成本计算模型,研究了碳价及碳配额对碳交易成本引起的变化,分析了碳排放交易对建筑工程造价的影响。

中国油气行业甲烷排放估算与减排分析

甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的第二大温室气体,据统计全球甲烷排放中石油天然气行业排放占比高达三分之一,加强甲烷排放管控对推动“双碳”目标的实现具有重要的意义。为此,结合油气消费量预期、行业控排预期等,估算了2021—2060年中国油气行业甲烷排放量;并进一步分析了减排目标下技术减排潜力和减排成本,最后结合各类排放源占比及现有减排技术的成本效益,测算了2030年与2060年2个时间节点油气行业甲烷减排的边际成本。研究结果表明:①2021—2060年期间,油气行业甲烷排放量略有下降,天然气系统甲烷排放量增速变缓,其中运输和输配环节有较大减排潜力;②油气行业90%的甲烷排放量集中在30%的排放源中,有10%~20%的甲烷无法彻底通过技术减排;③在2030年、2060年实施的减排技术中,具有收益的技术比例分别达22.0%和44.4%;④2030、2060年的甲烷平均单位减排成本分别为22.33元/m^(3)和14.57元/m^(3)。结论认为,中国油气行业在中长期需要加快推进甲烷排放检测、报告、核查体系的建设,推动排放数据的精细化,并通过绿色金融、中国碳减排核证方法学开发等多种方式,持续提升行业甲烷减排积极性。

考虑碳排放成本的电动汽车生鲜配送路径优化研究

电动汽车技术的迅速发展,促进了物流业载具的转型升级。在满足电动汽车电量、配送服务时间窗、车辆装载量限制的条件下,综合考虑电动汽车的碳排放成本,将电动汽车的固定成本、运输成本、制冷成本、货损成本、碳排放成本和充电成本之和构建最小成本的目标函数。利用改进的K-means聚类算法和启发式算法中的蚁群算法求解目标函数最小值,得到最优生鲜配送路线。通过实验仿真验证模型的准确性,并将采用电动汽车与采用传统燃油车进行生鲜配送的成本进行对比分析,得出采用电动汽车配送成本更低、污染更小的结论,同时也表明采用混合算法寻找最优路径具有更快、更准确的优势,对企业后期替换配送工具具有一定借鉴作用。

电碳耦合对煤电机组现货市场结算电价影响分析模型

煤电行业二氧化碳排放量占比最多,首先被纳入了全国性碳市场,而碳排放成本又对煤电现货市场结算电价造成一定程度的影响。基于此,构建了现货市场下不考虑碳排放成本的煤电机组竞价调度模型,并进行了模拟分析;继而构建了考虑碳排放成本的煤电机组竞价模型;再以广东省为例,模拟了煤电机组在“有无风光出力”“不同碳市场”情景下煤电机组现货市场报价及出清情况的变化。结果显示,随着碳市场的逐步完善,碳价和配额总量进一步收紧,煤电机组报价逐渐升高,现货市场结算电价也随之提高,夏季有风有光情景下轻度、中度、重度碳市场的平均出清电价分别为0.1607元/(kW·h)、0.1863元/(kW·h)、0.2461元/(kW·h),较未引入碳市场时分别增加了0.18%、16.14%、53.41%。