Microwave Absorption and Mechanical Properties of Short-cutted Carbon Fiber/glass Fiber Hybrid Veil Reinforced Epoxy Composites

This work aims at investigating the microwave absorption and mechanical properties of short-cutted carbon fiber/glass fiber hybrid veil reinforced epoxy composites.The short-cutted carbon fibers(CFs)/glass fibers(GFs)hybrid veil were prepared by papermaking technology,and composites liquid molding was employed to manufacture CFs/GFs hybrid epoxy composites.The microstructure,microwave absorbing properties and mechanical properties of the hybrid epoxy composites were studied by using SEM,vector network analyzer and universal material testing,respectively.The reflection coefficient of the composites were calculated by the measured complex permittivity and permeability in the X-band(8.2-12.4 GHz)range.The optimum microwave absorption properties can be obtained when the content of CFs in the hybrid veil is 6 wt%and the thickness of the composites is 2 mm,the minimum reflection coefficient of-31.8 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth is 2.1 GHz,which is ascribed to benefitting impedance matching characteristic and dielectric loss of the carbon fiber.Simultaneously the tensile strength and modulus can achieve 104.0 and 2.98GPa,demonstrating that the CFs/GFs hybrid epoxy composites can be a promising candidate of microwave absorbing materials with high mechanical properties.

Impact Responses of the Carbon Fiber Fabric Reinforced Composites

To study the response characteristics of the carbon fiber fabric reinforced composites under impact loading, one dimensional strain impact test, multi gauge technique and Lagrange analysis method are used. The decaying rule of the stress σ , strain ε , strain rate ε · and density ρ with time and space is obtained. By the theory of dynamics, the impact response characteristics of the material is analyzed and discussed.

Study of damage behavior and repair effectiveness of patch repaired carbon fiber laminate under quasi-static indentation loading

Damage caused due to low-velocity impacts in composites leads to substantial deterioration in their residual strength and eventually provokes structural failure.This work presents an experimental investigation on the effects of different patch and parent laminate stacking sequences on the enhancement of impact strength of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers(CFRP)composites by utilising the adhesively bonded external patch repair technique.Damage evolution study is also performed with the aid of Acoustic Emission(AE).Two different quasi-isotropic configurations were selected for the parent laminate,viz.,[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s.Quasi Static Indentation(QSI)test was performed on both the pristine laminates,and damage areas were detected by using the C-scan inspection technique.Damaged laminates were repaired by using a single-sided patch of two different configurations,viz.,[45°/45°/45°/45°]and[45°/0°/0°/45°],and employing a circular plug to fill the damaged hole.Four different combinations of repaired laminates with two configurations of each parent and patch laminate were produced,which were further subjected to the QSI test.The results reveal the effectiveness of the repair method,as all the repaired laminates show higher impact resistance compared to the respective pristine laminates.Patches of[45°/0°/0°/45°]configuration when repaired by taking[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/0°/45°/0°]s as parents exhibited 68%and 73%higher peak loads,respectively,than the respective pristine laminates.Furthermore,parent and patch of configuration[45°/0°/45°/0°]s and[45°/0°/0°/45°],respectively,attain the highest peak load,whereas[45°/45°/0°/0°]s and[45°/45°/45°/45°]combinations possess the most gradual decrease in the load.

Porosity Effects on Interlaminar Fracture Behavior in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

Fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials have become materials of choice for manufacturing application due to their high specific stiffness, strength and fatigue life, low density and thermal expansion coefficient. However, there are some types of defects such as porosity that form during the manufacturing processes of composites and alter their mechanical behavior and material properties. In his study, hand lay-up was conducted to fabricate samples of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites with three different vacuum levels in order to vary porosity content. Nondestructive evaluation, destructive techniques and mechanical testing were conducted. Nondestructive evaluation results showed the trend in percentages of porosity through-thickness. Serial sectioning images revealed significant details about the composite’s internal structure such as the volume, morphology and distribution of porosity. Mechanical testing results showed that porosity led to a decrease in both Mode I static interlaminar fracture toughness and Mode I cyclic strain energy release rate fatigue life. The fractographic micrographs showed that porosity content increased as the vacuum decreased, and it drew a relationship between fracture mechanisms and mechanical properties of the composite under different modes of loading as a result of the porosity effects. Finally, in order to accurately quantify porosity percentages included in the samples of different vacuum levels, a comparison was made between the parameters and percentages resulted from the nondestructive evaluation and mechanical testing and the features resulted from fractography and serial sectioning.

Preparation of three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced mullite composites from a sol with high solid content

To prepare the three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced mullite （3D C/mullite） composites, an Al2O3-SiO2 solwith a solid content of 20% （mass fraction） and an Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio of 2：1 was selected as the raw material. Characteristics andmullitization of the sol were analyzed throughly. It is found that the formation of mullite is basically completed at 1300℃ and thegel powders exhibit favorable sintering shrinkage. The 3D C/mullite composites without interfacial coating were fabricated throughthe route of vacuum impregnation-drying-heat treatment. Satisfied mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 241.2 MPa anda fracture toughness of 10.9 MPa·m1/2are obtained although the total porosity reaches 26.0%. Oxidation resistances of the compositesat 1200, 1400 and 1600 ℃ were investigated. Due to the further densification of matrix, the 3D C/mullite composites show tiny massloss and their mechanical properties are well retained after oxidation at 1600 ℃ for 30 min.

Toughness and Fracture Mechanism of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites

The fracture toughness of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite(CFRP)was investigated through mode I and mode II shaped fracture system in this paper.A novel polyimide with trifluoromethyl groups and grafted nanosilica were used to modify epoxy resin.Effect of modified resin and unmodified resin on fracture toughness of CFRP was compared and discussed.Lay-up angles and thicknesses effects on fracture toughness of composites were also investigated.The fracture toughness of CFRP was obtained through double cantilever beam(DCB)and end notched flexure(ENF)tests.The results showed that the composites prepared by modified resin exhibited high fracture toughness compared with unmodified composites.The fracture toughness value of mode I increased from 1.83 kJ/m2 to 4.55 kJ/m2.The fracture toughness value of mode II increased from 2.30 kJ/m2 to 6.47 kJ/m2.

Orthogonal design of experiment and analysis of abrasive water jet cutting on carbon fiber reinforced composites

The carbon fiber reinforced composite is a new type of composite material with an excellent property in strength and elastic modulus,and has found extensive applications in aerospace,energy,automotive industry and so on.However,this composite has a strict requirement on processing techniques,for example,brittle damage or delamination often exists in conventional processing techniques.Abrasive water jet machining technology is a new type of green machining technique with distinct advantages such as high-energy and thermal distortion free.The use of abrasive water jet technique to process carbon fiber composite materials has become a popular trend since it can significantly improve the processing accuracy and surface quality of carbon fiber composite materials.However,there are too many parameters that affect the quality of an abrasive water jet machining.At present,few studies are carried out on the parameter optimization of such a machining process,which leads to the unstable quality of surface processing.In this paper,orthogonal design of experiment and regression analysis were employed to establish the empirical model between cutting surface roughness and machining process parameters.Then a verified model was used to optimize the machining process parameters for abrasive water jet cutting carbon fiber reinforced composites.

Micro Model of Carbon Fiber/Cyanate Ester Composites and Analysis of Machining Damage Mechanism

Machining damage occurs on the surface of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites during processing. In the current simulation model of CFRP, the initial defects on the carbon fiber and the periodic random distribution of the reinforcement phase in the matrix are not considered in detail, which makes the characteristics of the cutting model significantly different from the actual processing conditions. In this paper, a novel three-phase model of carbon fiber/cyanate ester composites is proposed to simulate the machining damage of the composites. The periodic random distribution of the carbon fiber reinforced phase in the matrix was realized using a double perturbation algorithm. To achieve the stochastic distribution of the strength of a single carbon fiber, a novel method that combines the Weibull intensity distribution theory with the Monte Carlo method is presented. The mechanical properties of the cyanate matrix were characterized by fitting the stress-strain curves, and the cohesive zone model was employed to simulate the interface. Based on the model, the machining damage mechanism of the composites was revealed using finite element simulations and by conducting a theoretical analysis. Furthermore, the milling surfaces of the composites were observed using a scanning electron microscope, to verify the accuracy of the simulation results. In this study, the simulations and theoretical analysis of the carbon fiber/cyanate ester composite processing were carried out based on a novel three-phase model, which revealed the material failure and machining damage mechanism more accurately.

Determination of Water Diffusion Coefficients and Dynamics in Adhesive/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite Joints

To determinate the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in adhesive/carben fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis（EDX） is used to establish the content change of oxy- gen in the adhesive in adhesive/carbon fther reinforced epoxy resin composite joints. As water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen, the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in adhesive/carben fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints can be obtained from the change in the content of oxygen in the adhesive during humidity aging, via EDX analy-sis. The authors have calculated the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in the adhesive/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints with the aid of beth energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The de- termined results with EDX analysis are almost the same as those determined with elemental analysis and the results al- so show that the durability of the adhesive/carbon fther reinforced epoxy resin composite joints subjected to silane cou- pling agent treatment is better than those subjected to sand paper burnishing treatment and chemical oxidation treat- ment.

Resistance welding of carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone composites using metal mesh and PEI film

Weldability of polyetheretherketone(PEEK) with polyetherimide(PEI) is tested. And carbon fiber reinforced PEEK laminates are resistance welded using stainless steel mesh heating element. The effects of the welding time and welding pressure on the lap shear strength of joints are investigated. Results show that PEEK can heal with PEI well in welding condition and the lap shear strength of PEEK/CF(carbon fibre) joint increases linearly with welding time, but reaches a maximum value when welding pressure ranging from 0.3 MPa to 0.5 MPa with constant welding time. The fracture characteristics of surface are analyzed by SEM techniques, and four types of fracture modes of lap shear joints are suggested.

Electromagnetic Shielding and Absorption Properties of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites

In order to investigate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness （SE） and absorbing properties of fiber reinforced concrete, steel fiber, carbon fiber and synthetic polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） fiber reinforced concrete were researched. The results show that with the increase of fiber Volume fraction, the SE and trend of frequency change of corresponding fiber reinforced concrete are enhanced. When the volume content of steel fiber is 3%, the SE of concrete is above 50 dB and its frequency is above 1.8 GHz. Moreover, in the range of 8-18 GHz, steel fiber, carbon fiber and PVA fiber all can improve the microwave absorption properties of concrete. The concrete with 0.5% carbon fiber can achieve the best absorbing property, the minimum reflectivity is about -7 dB; while steel fiber optimal volume fraction is 2%. The reflectivity curve of PVA fiber reinforced concrete fluctuates with the frequency, and the minimum value of the reflectivity is below -10 dB. The results show that fiber reinforced concrete could be used as EMI（electromagnetic interference） prevention buildings by attenuating and reflecting electromagnetic wave energy.

Fabrication of solid-phase-sintered Si C-based composites with short carbon fibers

Solid-phase-sintered Si C-based composites with short carbon fibers（Csf/SSi C） in concentrations ranging from 0 to 10wt% were prepared by pressureless sintering at 2100°C. The phase composition, microstructure, density, and flexural strength of the composites with different Csf contents were investigated. SEM micrographs showed that the Csf distributed in the SSi C matrix homogeneously with some gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces. The densities of the composites decreased with increasing Csf content. However, the bending strength first increased and then decreased with increasing Csf content, reaching a maximum value of 390 MPa at a Csf content of 5wt%, which was 60 MPa higher than that of SSi C because of the pull-out strengthening mechanism. Notably, Csf was graphitized and damaged during the sintering process because of the high temperature and reaction with boron derived from the sintering additive B4C; this graphitization degraded the fiber strengthening effect.

SiC纳米线改性C/C复合材料的制备及其电磁波吸收性能研究

C/C复合材料因低密度、耐高温等特性在航空航天材料方面具有很广泛的应用,通过改性的方法提高该类材料的电磁波吸收性能有望拓宽其应用领域。本文以酚醛树脂、Si和SiO_(2)粉体,以及催化剂二茂铁为原料,采用先驱体浸渍裂解法制备C/C复合材料,然后通过化学气相反应法在C/C复合材料中生成SiC纳米线(SiC_(nw)),制备出SiC_(nw)改性C/C复合材料(SiC_(nw)/C/C)。研究了C/C和SiC_(nw)/C/C复合材料的结构与性能,探讨了SiC_(nw)含量对C/C复合材料电磁波吸收性能的影响。结果表明,通过本方法可在C/C复合材料中成功引入具有核壳结构的SiC_(nw),并且随着SiC_(nw)含量增加,C/C复合材料的电磁波吸收性能显著提升。当SiC_(nw)含量为15.4%(质量分数)时,SiC_(nw)/C/C复合材料在厚度为2.07 mm处的最小反射损耗值为-38.02 dB,明显低于同类其他材料,表现出优异的电磁波吸收性能。本文研究制备的SiC_(nw)/C/C复合材料可为高性能碳/陶复合材料的制备提供技术和理论支撑。

短切碳纤维对泵用SiC复合陶瓷强度与耐冲蚀性影响研究

将0.5 mm、1 mm和3 mm的短切碳纤维分别加入SiC树脂复合陶瓷中,研究不同短切碳纤维长度对SiC复合陶瓷抗折强度和耐冲蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明,添加短切碳纤维后,试样的体积密度从2.45降低至2.32 g/cm^(3),而显气孔率变化不大,维持在4%。随着添加短切碳纤维长度的增加,试样的抗折强度显著提升,从61.57 MPa增加至71.67 MPa。添加3 mm的短切碳纤维后,试样的抗折强度更加稳定,多个试样间的差距显著降低。添加不同长度短切碳纤维后,试样的常温耐冲蚀性无明显变化,一次和二次冲蚀损失体积分别维持在0.033 cm^(3)和0.045 cm^(3)左右。SiC树脂复合陶瓷浇注料的制备过程中,添加3 mm的短切碳纤维可以有效提升抗折强度,同时保持复合陶瓷优秀的耐冲蚀性能。

STUDY ON ULTRASONIC VIBRATION DRILLING IN CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS

This paper researches ultrasonic vibration drilling of carbon fiber reinforced polymers composites that are hard, brittle, and have low shear strength between layers. An experiment plan has been developed to reduce the axial force. Experimental studies have been done on the influence of process parameters, tool structures on the drilling axial force. The drilling mechanism is specially investigated. Thus an effective method is presented to reduce the drilling axial force. The authors suppose that ultrasonic vibration drilling is feasible for carbon fiber reinforced polymers composites.

A New Modification to Shear Lag Model as Applied to Stiffness and Yield Strength of Short Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites

A new modification for the shear lag model is given and the expressions for the stiffness and yield Strength of short fiber metal matri×composite are derived. These expressions are then compared with our experimental data in a SiCw/Al-Li T6 composite and the published experimental data on different SiCw/Al T6 composites and also compared with the previous shear lag models and the other theoretical models.

Elevating mechanical and biotribological properties of carbon fiber composites by constructing graphene-silicon nitride nanowires interlocking interfacial enhancement

Carbon fiber reinforced dual-matrix composites(CHM)including carbon fiber reinforced hydroxyapatite-polymer matrix composites(CHMP)and carbon fiber reinforced hydroxyapatite-pyrolytic carbon matrix composites(CHMC)have great potential application in the field of artificial hip joints,where a combination of high mechanical strength and excellent biotribological property are required.In this work,the graphene-silicon nitride nanowires(Graphene-Si_(3)N_(4)nws)interlocking interfacial enhancement were designed and constructed into CHM for boosting the mechanical and biotribological properties.The graphene and Si_(3)N_(4)nws interact with each other and construct interlocking interfacial enhancement.Benefiting from the Graphene-Si_(3)N_(4)nws synergistic effect and interlocking enhancement mechanism,the mechanical and biotribological properties of CHM were promoted.Compared with CHMP,the shear and compressive strengths of Graphene-Si_(3)N_(4)nws reinforced CHMP were increased by 80.0% and 61.5%,respectively.The friction coefficient and wear rate were reduced by 52.8% and 52.9%,respectively.Compared with CHMC,the shear and compressive strengths of Graphene-Si_(3)N_(4)nws reinforced CHMC were increased by 145.4% and 64.2%.The friction coefficient and wear rate were decreased by 52.3% and 73.6%.Our work provides a promising methodology for preparing Graphene-Si_(3)N_(4)nws reinforced CHM with more reliable mechanical and biotribological properties for use in artificial hip joints.

碳纤维预制体结构对CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料微观结构与力学性能的影响

采用不同面密度和丝束大小的碳纤维布,通过不同z向缝合方式编织了两种碳布叠层结构的碳纤维预制体,再经化学气相渗透法(chemical vapor infiltration,CVI)与气相渗硅法(gaseous silicon infiltration,GSI)联用制备了C/C-SiC复合材料。研究了碳纤维预制体结构对CVI-GSI C/C-SiC复合材料微观结构与力学性能的影响。结果表明,由纤维体积分数与C/C素坯密度都相同的预制体所制备的两种复合材料的密度、各相组成、结构与性能均大不相同。较小的碳纤维丝束(1K)和碳布面密度(92 g/m^(2)),以及锁式缝合留下的较大孔隙为GSI反应中Si蒸气的渗透提供了更加充足的通道,最终制备的T1复合材料孔隙率低、结构均匀、性能更高,其弯曲强度、模量和断裂韧度分别为300.97 MPa,51.75 GPa,11.32 MPa·m^(1/2)。初始预制体结构和C/C中间体结构的综合调控是CVI-GSI联用工艺制备高性能C/C-SiC复合材料的关键。

Microstructure and properties of SiC gradiently coated C_f/C composites prepared by a RCLD method

The SiC gradiently coated carbon fiber/carbon （Cf/C） composites were prepared by a two-step rapid chemical liquid deposition （RCLD） method. The microstructure and properties of the composites were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, bending tests, and oxidation tests. The experimental results show that the surface layer of the composites is composed of SiC, pyrocarbon, and carbon fibers. Their inner area consists of pyrocarbon and carbon fibers. The SiC content gradiently decreases with increasing distance from the outer surface to the center of the composites. Furthermore, the thickness of the SiC layer increases with increasing tetraethylorthosilicate content and deposition time. SiC coatings have no significant influence on the bending strength of the composites. However, the oxidation resistance of the composites increases with increasing thickness of the SiC layer.

C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料研究与应用现状

碳纤维增强碳化硅(C/SiC)陶瓷基复合材料具有低密度、高强度、耐高温、耐磨等综合性能,已成为重要的热结构材料体系之一,目前已成功应用于航空发动机热结构部件、飞行器热防护系统、制动系统以及核结构部件等。本文主要综述了C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在制备方法和应用领域的研究进展,介绍了一系列具有代表性的C/SiC复合材料的制备方法,重点关注多种制备方法相结合的混合工艺,概述了C/SiC复合材料在航空航天热结构和热防护、刹车材料、空间相机结构等领域的应用,展望了更优异的混合制备工艺以及针对不同应用要求的复合材料新体系,以便为今后C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的进一步研究提供参考。