Surface Ferrite Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Steel Plates

Considering the specialities of the steel plate production, the TMCP study has been carried out with Gleeble 2000 tester to explore the possibility of fine grained ferrite in the low carbon steel plates with the chemical composition of C 0.13--0.18, Si 0.12-0.18, Mn 0.50-0. 65, P 0. 010-0. 025, and S 0. 005-0. 028. The plates with thickness of 8. 7 mm in which the ferrite grain size is smaller than 8μm have been produced by special de- formation process in the laboratory. Furthermore, the trial production of special plain carbon steel plates of 16-25 mm in thickness and 2 000- 2 800 mm in width with fine grained ferrite has been successfully carried out in the Shougang Steel Plate Rolling Plant. The ferrite grain size is 5.5-7μm in the surface layers and 9.5-15μm in the central layer respectively. The yield strength is 320- 360 MPa, tensile strength is 440-520 MPa and the elongation is 25%- 34 %. It is very important for the rolling plants to improve the low carbon steel plates＇ mechanical properties. The results show that the ferrite grains in the surface layer can be refined effectively by the appropriate rolling process, and the strength can be also increased.

Conductive and corrosion behaviors of silver-doped carbon-coated stainless steel as PEMFC bipolar plates

Ni–Cr enrichment on stainless steel SS316 L resulting from chemical activation enabled the deposition of carbon by spraying a stable suspension of carbon nanoparticles; trace Ag was deposited in situ to prepare a thin continuous Ag-doped carbon film on a porous carbon-coated SS316 L substrate. The corrosion resistance of this film in 0.5 mol·L^（-1） H_2SO_4 solution containing 5 ppm F- at 80°C was investigated using polarization tests. The results showed that the surface treatment of the SS316 L strongly affected the adhesion of the carbon coating to the stainless steel. Compared to the bare SS316 L, the Ag-doped carbon-coated SS316 L bipolar plate was remarkably more stable in both the anode and cathode environments of proton exchange membrane fuel cell（PEMFC） and the interface contact resistance between the specimen and Toray 060 carbon paper was reduced from 333.0 m？·cm^2 to 21.6 m？·cm^2 at a compaction pressure of 1.2 MPa.

Preparation and surface modification of PVDF-carbon felt composite bipolar plates for vanadium flow battery

The performance of vanadium flow batteries （VFBs） is closely related to the materials used in the bipo- lar plates. Carbon-based composite bipolar plates are particularly suitable for VFB applications. However. most original preparation methods cannot simultaneously achieve good electrical conductivity and me- chanical performance. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to fabricating bipolar plates with car- bon plastic materials, including four steps, namely coating a poly （vinylidene fluoride） （PVDF） solution onto carbon felt, solvent evaporation, hot-pressing, and surface modification. The resulting bipolar plates showed high conductivity, good mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance. Surface modification by coating with carbon nanotubes （CNTs） removed the PVDF-rich layer from the surface of the carbon fibers. The high surface area of the CNT withdrew PVDF resin from the carbon fiber surface, and promoted the formation of a conductive network. The flexibility and battery charge-discharge cycle measurements showed that the composite bipolar plates can meet requirements for VFB applications.

Plain carbon steel bipolar plates for PEMFC

Bipolar plates are a multifunctional component of PEMFC. Comparing with the machined graphite and stainless steels, the plain carbon steel is a very cheap commercial metal material. In this paper, the possibility of applying the plain carbon steels in the bipolar plate for PEMFC was exploited. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the low carbon steel in the PEMFCs′ environments, two surface modification processes was developed and then the electrochemical performances and interfacial contact resistance (ICR) of the surface modified plate of plain carbon steel were investigated. The results show that the surface modified steel plates have good corrosion resistance and relatively low contact resistance, and it may be a candidate material as bipolar plate of PEMFC.

Synthesis of Magnesium Aluminate Spinel-corundum Composite with Waste Slide Plate and Magnesia Carbon Brick

Magnesium aluminate spinel -corundum composite was prepared with waste slide plate and magnesia carbon brick. Microstructure and sintering ability of as-prepared magnesium aluminate spinel -corundum composite were investigated with XRD, SEM, and DSC/TG. With the addition of waste slide plate increasing or synthesis tem- perature rising, the bulk density of the specimen increases and the apparent porosity decreases, but the crystallinity of the specimen decreases and the magnesium alaminate spinel phase increases. The obtained composite contains 72% spinel and 26% corundum. Primary phase and secondary phase are bonded by glass phase. The results show that it is feasible to synthesis magnesium aluminate spinel - corundum material with waste slide plate and magnesia carbon brick.

The effect of initial geometric imperfection on the nonlinear resonance of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite rectangular plates

The purpose of the present study is to examine the impact of initial geometric imperfection on the nonlinear dynamical characteristics of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite(FG-CNTRC) rectangular plates under a harmonic excitation transverse load. The considered plate is assumed to be made of matrix and single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs). The rule of mixture is employed to calculate the effective material properties of the plate. Within the framework of the parabolic shear deformation plate theory with taking the influence of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia into account, Hamilton’s principle is utilized to derive the geometrically nonlinear mathematical formulation including the governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions of initially imperfect FG-CNTRC plates. Afterwards, with the aid of an efficient multistep numerical solution methodology, the frequency-amplitude and forcing-amplitude curves of initially imperfect FG-CNTRC rectangular plates with various edge conditions are provided, demonstrating the influence of initial imperfection,geometrical parameters, and edge conditions. It is displayed that an increase in the initial geometric imperfection intensifies the softening-type behavior of system, while no softening behavior can be found in the frequency-amplitude curve of a perfect plate.

Influence of Deposition Temperature on the Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon-Based Coatings for Metallic Bipolar Plates, Prepared by Cathodic Arc Evaporation

Cathodic arc evaporation is a well-established physical vapor deposition technique which is characterized by a high degree of ionization and high deposition rate. So far, this technique has been mainly used for the deposition of tribological coatings. In this study, anti-corrosive and electrical conductive carbon-based coatings with a metallic interlayer were prepared on stainless steel substrates as surface modification for metallic bipolar plates. Hereby, the influence of the deposition temperature during the deposition of the carbon top layer was investigated. Raman spectroscopy revealed differences in the microstructure at 200°C compared to 300°C and 100°C. Measurements of the interfacial contact resistance showed that the deposited coatings significantly improve the electrical conductivity. There are only minor differences between the different carbon top layers. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was studied via potentiodynamic polarization at room temperature and 80°C. Experiments showed that the coating with a carbon top layer deposited at 200°C, considerably reduces the current density and thus corrosion of the substrate is suppressed.

平板式电化学过滤器构建及对甲基橙去除机制研究

构建了一种“一锅式”平板式电化学过滤器。同时,从电压、流速、电解质、pH多角度优化其甲基橙降解效率,并对其降解机制、稳定性和普适性进行探究。实验结果表明,在电压3 V,电解质浓度10 mmol·L^(-1),流速1.5 mL·min^(-1),pH(4~10)的条件下,甲基橙去除率达95%。淬灭实验表明,体系降解机制为直接氧化。同时,在长时间稳定性实验中,甲基橙去除率仍处于较高水平。在最佳实验条件下,除甲基橙外,罗丹明B以及两者混合后的污染物降解率均在94%以上。

浅谈建筑结构加固工艺

我国在基础建设快速发展的阶段,进一步加大了对基础设施建设的投入,从而加快了建筑业的发展,充分发挥国家科技力量的支撑作用,相继修建了各种类型的道路、桥梁、高楼、会展中心、重大水利工程等。由于受到自然灾害、空气影响等,这些建筑的结构往往出现过早老化的情况。据相关统计数据显示,全国城镇需要开展加固工作的民用建筑有30亿平方米,其中亟待修复加固处理的建筑有10亿平方米。如何对这些老旧建筑检测加固,需要进行研究探讨。

CFRP板纵向加固RC柱在水平低周循环荷载下的力学性能研究与应用

开发了一种纵向粘贴CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer,碳纤维增强复合材料)板的RC(Reinforced Concrete,钢筋混凝土)柱抗弯加固系统,该加固系统由纵向粘贴在柱表面的预制CFRP板和防止柱底CFRP板脱粘的混凝土加厚层组成.为研究纵向粘贴CFRP板对RC柱的抗弯性能影响,设计并开展了5根足尺矩形RC柱的水平低周循环加载试验.研究结果表明:粘贴CFRP板加固能有效延缓柱的开裂;柱的破坏模式得到明显改善;相较于未加固柱子,粘贴1层CFRP板和2层CFRP板加固的RC柱极限承载力分别提高了15.1%和17.4%;加固后柱的抗弯承载力和刚度得到提高,但增加CFRP板的层数对极限强度和刚度没有显著影响,反而会降低柱的延性,相较于仅采用增大柱底截面的方式加固的对照柱,粘贴1层CFRP板和2层CFRP板加固的试验柱的延性系数分别降低16.2%和35.1%;试验过程中,由于柱与基础节点承载力的限制,CFRP的最大应变仅达到极限应变的24%,抗拉强度未得到充分发挥.该加固方法已在某医院加固工程中得到应用,跟踪研究表明,加固后柱子的抗弯承载力有明显提升,加固方法得到工程业界的认可.

碳纤维板加固H型钢梁抗剥离夹具研制及应用试验

外贴碳纤维板是钢梁抗弯加固的常用方法,但其端部易因界面应力集中导致剥离破坏,严重影响高性能材料的有效利用,特别是结构加固后的安全服役.为此开发出一种适用于H型钢梁的简易夹具——C形槽板夹,以加强碳纤维板的端部锚固.通过多根带夹碳纤维板加固梁的静力加载试验,验证了此夹具的可靠性,并考察了碳纤维板伸入剪跨段长度与剪跨段长度之比及锚固方式(纯粘、端锚和混锚)对加固效果的影响.研究发现端锚加固不同于纯粘,只要梁的控制截面仍在夹具之间,碳纤维板的极限应力、加固效果及利用效率均随其长度缩短而提高,当碳纤维板长度分别为600、750 mm时,前者极限应变和承载力比后者分别高27.3%和8.1%.由于钢梁表面处理质量较差,混锚加固梁均发生突然剥离,后期退化为端锚加固梁,因而相比端锚加固梁加固效果改善不大,需要提高表面处理质量再做类似研究.尽管如此,相比纯粘加固梁,混锚加固梁采用C形槽板夹后剥离破坏被延迟,抗弯性能大为改善.试验过程中还用压电阻抗法对界面剥离情况进行了检测,结果符合实际.

全钒液流电池双极板材料研究进展

全钒液流电池是目前技术成熟度最高的一种液流电池,作为大规模长时储能的首选技术之一,可以实现可再生能源平滑输出,为高比例可再生能源并网应用提供保障。其中,双极板是全钒液流电池的关键部件之一。本文从三种全钒液流电池双极板材料耐腐蚀性、导电性、力学性能及电池特性等角度,首先综述了金属、石墨以及碳塑复合双极板材料的优缺点及其最新研究进展,并根据加工工艺和制造成本两方面,展望了三种双极板材料在全钒液流电池领域的应用前景。然后,结合新型液流电池双极板的结构优化研究,从双极板平板结构扩展到双极板流道和电极-双极板一体化结构,分析介绍了不同新型双极板流道结构设计在不同试验条件下的适用性,并从制备工艺和电池性能等方面分析了电极-双极板一体化结构在全钒液流电池领域中的应用前景。最后,针对全钒液流电池双极板的研究现状,总结展望了相应双极板材料及新型双极板结构设计的技术突破要点,为全钒液流电池双极板的未来发展提供了参考和依据。

盐蚀/冻融环境下环氧树脂结构胶强度降解机理

为探究盐蚀/冻融循环作用对环氧树脂胶黏剂材料的拉伸、剪切性能的影响,分别开展了40个胶黏剂和40个单搭接接头的盐蚀/冻融循环试验和力学性能试验,分析其力学性能随环境作用时间的变化规律.研究表明,随环境作用时间增加,所有胶黏剂试件失效模式未发生变化,而单搭接接头由内聚破坏和界面脱黏的混合失效模式变为界面脱黏失效模式.胶黏剂试件的拉伸强度总体呈现下降趋势,210次盐蚀/冻融循环后降低了9.2%.水分在单搭接接头界面的扩散速率远大于胶黏剂试件,导致了单搭接接头剪切强度相对于胶黏剂拉伸强度下降更为显著,210次盐蚀/冻融循环后剪切强度降低了60.9%.此外,盐蚀/冻融循环2160次后,胶黏剂拉伸强度保留率约为31.1%,而单搭接接头已失效.

预氧化碳纤维增强受电弓碳滑板材料的研究

利用预氧化碳纤维(OPF)和沥青、焦炭等为原料,采用热压、焙烧等工艺制备预氧化碳纤维增强受电弓碳滑板;研究不同OPF含量受电弓碳滑板导电导热以及力学性能;利用扫描电镜(SEM)、偏光显微镜(POM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等仪器对复合材料内部结构进行观察。结果表明:滑板材料性能的提升与OPF/沥青间的共碳化界面以及界面处与基体中的微晶网络形成有关。OPF质量分数为1.5%的复合材料具有较好的导电导热以及力学性能,电导率和导热系数分别为279.33 S/cm和3.37 W/(m·K),抗压强度和抗折分别为155.00、48.85 MPa,且符合受电弓碳滑板性能要求。

核聚变装置偏滤器靶板材料选择与研究进展

可控热核聚变能是人类最理想的清洁能源之一,是解决人类能源和环境问题的根本途径。目前,可控热核聚变能的发展面临诸多挑战,偏滤器靶板作为磁约束核聚变装置中的重要部件,其设计和制造是维持等离子体放电、实现核聚变反应堆稳定运行亟需解决的关键问题之一。作为等离子体轰击最严重区域,偏滤器靶板经受着高能粒子流辐照和高热负荷冲击(10 MW·m^(-2)稳态负荷和20 MW·m^(-2)瞬态负荷),同时承担着磁约束聚变装置最主要的排热功能。因此,研发具有优异性能的靶板材料是推动核聚变能发展的关键一步。目前,金属铍、碳基材料以及钨基材料是主要的3种偏滤器靶板候选材料。基于国内外现有研究成果,论述了偏滤器靶板材料的选择与研究进展,对比分析了3种候选材料的优势以及存在的问题,以期为偏滤器靶板材料的选择、研发提供借鉴。

跑鞋碳板结构设计对前掌跑落地冲击阶段足部力学响应特征的影响

目的探究跑鞋碳板(carbon-fiber plate,CFP)结构设计对前足足底和足底筋膜力学响应的影响,为预防跑步时的足部损伤和跑鞋结构优化提供参考。方法基于已搭建的足-鞋三维有限元模型,对比不同位置(鞋垫底部,HL;中底中部,ML;外底上部,LL)以及不同厚度(1 mm、2 mm、3 mm)的CFP结构设计对前掌跑(FFS)落地冲击阶段前足足底压力和足底筋膜应力、应变的影响。结果当CFP厚度较小(1mm)时,其嵌入位置对前足足底和足底筋膜力学响应特征的影响有所不同。与对照跑鞋(No CFP,NC)相比,HL和ML情况下足底压力峰值分别增加了3.84%和4.31%,而LL情况下近端足底筋膜的应力与应变峰值分别增加了2.67%和3.19%。随着CFP厚度增加至3mm,足底压力、足底筋膜应力与应变均明显减小,其中:足底压力峰值以LL3(3 mm,LL)情况下降低最为明显,较NC降低了29.56%;足底筋膜应力与应变峰值也均明显低于NC,且3种位置CFP的效果基本一致。结论当CFP厚度较小时,其嵌入位置的不同或将对足部组织力学产生相异的作用,但随着CFP厚度增加,足底压力、足底筋膜受力程度均明显减小,且嵌入LL的CFP整体效果更好。

填料对碳纤维-环氧树脂拉挤板层间剪切性能的影响

在碳纤维含量相同条件下,研究了填料种类、粒径、用量对碳纤维-环氧树脂拉挤板(简称拉挤碳板)层间剪切性能的影响。结果表明:除聚乙烯微蜡粉外,重质碳酸钙、轻质碳酸钙、高岭土、氢氧化铝粉和滑石粉的加入都能有效提升拉挤碳板的层间剪切性能。其中,效果最好的是氢氧化铝粉,使拉挤碳板的层间剪切强度提升近13%;最适合拉挤碳板的填料粒径是6.5~11.5μm;粒径为6.5μm的氢氧化铝粉填料用量为4 phr时,拉挤碳板的层间剪切强度最大,达66.51 MPa;此外,加入氢氧化铝粉后,拉挤碳板0°拉伸性能有所降低。

风电叶片用拉挤板应用现状及发展趋势

本文介绍了风电叶片用拉挤板的国内外研究发展历程及现状,共涉及五种不同材料体系的拉挤板,分别为碳纤维拉挤板、玻纤拉挤板、碳玻混拉挤板、免脱模布拉挤板及聚氨酯拉挤板。分析了拉挤板相比较于传统的真空灌注、预浸料复合材料的应用优势和面临的挑战。结合目前应用现状,针对各种材料体系的拉挤板分别提出了未来重点关注方向和发展趋势:玻纤拉挤板因其低成本的优势,在未来陆上风电叶片中仍会占据主流,并将向更高模量及更低成本的方向发展;随着海上风电的发展及碳丝国产化进程加速,碳纤维拉挤板将会有更广阔的应用前景;碳玻混拉挤板、免脱模布拉挤板及聚氨酯体系拉挤板减重或降本优势明显,但仍需进一步开展应用研究。

风电叶片用大丝束碳纤维拉挤板的应用现状与挑战

综述了风电叶片用大丝束碳纤维拉挤板的应用现状和挑战。风电叶片用碳纤维拉挤板以连续大丝束碳纤维和高性能环氧树脂经热固化拉挤成型工艺连续生产而成,主要用作海上风电叶片的主梁;当前风电叶片用碳纤维拉挤板面临提高性能(包括压缩性能、层间性能、拼接性能)和降低成本的挑战;碳/玻混拉挤板作为一种低成本拉挤板,可为叶片设计、减重、降本提供更多可能;预计随着海上风电的发展及大丝束碳纤维国产化进程加速,大丝束碳纤维在风电领域的应用会进一步增长。

碳纳米管增强硬质合金的制备及性能研究

为改善硬质合金中增强体碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)的团聚问题,采用化学镀Ni方法对CNTs进行表面改性,利用气压烧结工艺制备了WC-10Co-CNTs硬质合金和WC-10CoCNTs/Ni硬质合金。对镀Ni前后CNTs的表面形貌、结构及成分进行了分析表征,并研究了CNTs和CNTs/Ni对硬质合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,CNTs经化学镀改性处理后,表面包覆了致密的纳米Ni颗粒,团聚现象明显改善;在WC-10Co中添加CNTs或CNTs/Ni后可以有效地细化硬质合金的晶粒,降低孔隙率;和未添加的比较,添加质量分数0.1%的CNTs的硬质合金和添加质量分数0.1%的CNTs/Ni的硬质合金抗弯强度分别提高了17.5%和28.2%,热扩散系数分别提高了23.5%和42.8%。