Unique Double Carbon Protection Structured Co₃O₄Anode for Lithium Ion Battery

In this study, novel Carbon aerogel (CA)/Co3O4/Carbon (C) composites with a double protective structure are synthesized through a solvothermal method and in-situ polymerization. The morphology and structure are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The loading content of active anode material Co3O4 in the composite is investigated by thermogravimetry, and the electrochemical properties of the composite are characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The SEM results show that the nano-sized spherical Co3O4 particle is adhered to the inner Carbon aerogel (CA). The HRTEM result indicates the thickness of the prepared Carbon (C) up to 40 nm. Nano-sheet is coated on the surface of the Co3O4 particle. Compared with the pure Co3O4 anode materials, the Carbon aerogel (CA)/Co3O4/Carbon (C) composites have better transport kinetics for both electron and lithium-ion in EIS testing results, which may contribute to its higher specific capacity and higher first coulomb efficiency. Due to the unique structure of the composite material with double protection against the volume expansion of Co3O4 when charged, the Carbon aerogel (CA)/Co3O4/Carbon (C) composite material exhibits better cycle stability with a discharge capacity of 1180 mAh/g after 50 cycles. Therefore, the double protection strategy is verified as an effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of transition metal oxide with carbon composite as an anode material in lithium battery.

Preparation and Microstructure of a Si-Mo Fused Slurry Coating on Carbon/Carbon Composites for Oxidation Protection

A coating of composition Si-40Mo (wt pct) was prepared by fused slurry coating method on the two-dimensional carbon/carbon (2D-C/C) composite to improve oxidation resistance. In the procedure of the fabrication, pure St slurry inner layer in the pre-coating was necessary to apply because of infiltration of liquid Si into the substrate during the sintering. The coating consists of Si continuous phase and MoSi2 particles. In addition, the infiltration of Si into the substrate and the SiC reaction layer between the coating and the C/C composite were observed. Oxidation behavior of coated and uncoated C/C composites was studied in cyclic mode. The oxidation resistance and the thermal shock resistance of the Si-Mo fused slurry coating were quite excellent at 1370℃.

Effect of Isobutyl-triethoxy-silane Penetrative Protective Agent on the Carbonation Resistance of Concrete

Effect of isobutyl-triethoxy-silane penetrative protective agent on the carbonation resistance of the concrete was studied.The concrete specimens for the 28 d accelerated carbonation process were manufactured with w/c of 0.49 and 0.64,both in the presence and absence of silane and mineral admixture.The penetration of isobutyl-triethoxy-silane and the carbonation of concrete were investigated by penetration depth,carbonation depth,XRD,SEM,and pore size distribution.The results showed that concrete compactness played an important role in the silane penetration and carbonation resistance.Penetration depth of silane-treated concrete mainly depended on the compactness of the concrete,and could not remarkably change through the accelerated carbonation process.In the accelerated carbonation process,penetrative protective agent improved the carbonation resistance of the higher compactness concretes but accelerated the carbonization process of the lower compactness concretes.As penetrative protective agent penetrated along the external connectivity pores into concrete not filling the entire surface area,the inorganic film could not fully protect the Ca（OH）_2 phase from carbonation.After 28 d accelerated carbonation,fibrous hydration products disappeared and the surface holes decreased.Due to the formation of carbonized products,the porosity of the concrete surface decreased,especially in high-strength concrete.

Protective Effects of Shikonin on Brain Injury Induced by Carbon Ion Beam Irradiation in Mice

Radiation encephalopathy is the main complication of cranial radiotherapy. It can cause necrosis of brain tissue and cognitive dysfunction. Our previous work had proved that a natural antioxidant shikonin possessed protective effect on cerebral ischemic injury. Here we investigated the effects of shikonin on carbon ion beam induced radiation brain injury in mice. Pretreatment with shikonin significantly increased the SOD and CAT activities and the ratio of GSH/GSSG in mouse brain tissues compared with irradiated group （P〈0.01）, while obviously reduced the MDA and PCO contents and the RO$ levels derived from of the brain mitochondria.

Native design of low-carbon and environmentally friendly packaging

With the increasing deterioration of the environmental conditions and the increasing loss of the natural native, the native design of low-carbon environmentally friendly packaging has gradually become the focus of attention. Accordingly, the author of this pa- per studies this problem of the native design of low-carbon environmentally friendly packaging. First, the author analyzes the types of the native design of low-carbon and environmentally friendly packaging and secondly, summarizes the native design concepts of the low-car- bon and environmentally friendly packaging and finally, puts forward three innovative ways of the native design of the low-carbon and en- vironmentally friendly packing.

Late Protective Effects of the Anticalmodulin Drug Fluphenazine on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Necrosis

Fluphenazine (FP) treatment (50mg/kg bw, ip in saline) 30 min before or 6 or 10 h after CCl4 administration (1 ml/kg ip in olive oil) significantly prevented the liver necrosis produced by the hepatotoxin at 24 h. FP had enhancing effects on the covalent binding of CCl4 reactive metabolites to cellular constituents and on CCl4 induced lipid peroaldation.FP lowered bOdy temperature of the CCl4-poisoned animals during the 24 h observation period. The obtained results are compatible but do not prove the hypothesis that calmodulin (CaM) had participation in late occurring events preceding necrosis. FP lowering action on body temperature, however, might also play a role in the effects of this drug on the onset of CCl4 induced liver necrosis. FP levels in liver tissue as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry evidenced the presence of the drug in amounts suffi cient to inhibit CaM and that suggests that not all preventive effects of FP are due to its indirect actions on the central nervous system via decreased body temperature

欧盟碳边境调节机制的实质、影响及中国因应——基于全球气候治理与国际贸易双重视角

欧盟碳边境调节机制实施在即,其被欧盟赋予了两项主要目标:预防碳泄漏及维护产品公平竞争秩序。以全球气候治理与国际贸易作为研究视角,在预防碳泄漏方面,该机制无视碳泄漏归责逻辑,单方推行市场调节方案,有悖于气候治理的全球观念,隐含气候单边主义实质;在维护产品公平竞争秩序方面,该机制通过主导碳定价,转移境内贸易禀赋优势而限制他国出口,干扰正常国际贸易秩序,体现了贸易保护主义实质。欧盟碳边境调节机制的实施将在全球气候治理层面削弱中国的气候话语权,干扰低碳发展计划进程;在国际贸易层面打击对欧关联企业出口能力,限制产业结构低碳转型。有鉴于此,当下中国应在国际和国内层面双措并举。在国际层面上,通过推行全球气候治理的人类命运共同体理念,运用WTO规则并构建国际碳关税,延展制度应对的缓冲期间;在国内层面上,利用宏观经济政策与完善碳市场、碳税建设,提高制度应对的内生能力,最大程度维护国家利益并助力世界发展。

碳关税的实质、影响及我国应对之策

碳关税话题自提出以来就存在争议,欧盟作为碳关税的倡导者,已经正式提出碳关税政策,而随着美国等发达国家与欧盟在碳关税立场取得一致的可能性不断增加,碳关税作为贸易保护措施的脚步渐近,这势必对我国等新兴经济体的经济贸易造成巨大冲击。本文通过总结碳关税的发展历程,分析碳关税的实质,提出开征碳关税对于世界乃至中国的影响,并在此基础上从国际、国内两个层面提出相应的对策建议,以积极应对可能到来的国际碳关税政策冲击。

Synthesis of multicore-shell FeS_(2)@C nanocapsules for stable potassiumion batteries

Transition-metal sulfides are widely used as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs) due to their low cost and high theoretical capacity.The practical application of such materials,however,is still impeded by their inherent low conductivity and obvious volume change during cycling.Herein,a flexible etchassisted sulfidation strategy is reported.According to the strategy,the multicore-shell(MCS) nanocapsule structure is constructed,and then mesoporous FeS2 nanoparticles are encapsulated in the hollow carbon shell with adjustable interior space.The product,MCS-FeS2@C-20,not only features optimized inner space,but also delivers a large reversible capacity(519 mAh g^(-1) at a current density of 50 mA g^(-1)),good rate capability(107 mAh g^(-1) at a high current density of 5 A g^(-1)) and excellent cycling stability(capacity retention rate of 84.2% over 500 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1)),making it the promising anode material for PIBs.Notably,potassium-ion full cells(MCS-FeS_(2)@C-20//K_(0.4)CoO_(2)) also show an improved potassium storage performance.

贸易保护主义的新变化对中国出口企业的影响及应对

随着世界市场竞争越来越激烈,贸易保护主义呈现出新的变化:碳关税壁垒日益突出、知识产权壁垒直线上升、本国货币竞相贬值等。这些变化将对中国出口企业造成严重冲击:出口成本提高、市场份额下降、出口环境恶化。因此,中国政府和企业应主动采取优化结构、发展低碳经济、实施知识产权发展战略和加强汇率政策国际协调等措施"拆壁破垒"。

美国征收碳关税对中国的影响及应对措施

在国际金融危机的背景下,美国通过了对包括中国在内的不实施碳减排限额国家的进口产品征收碳关税的法案。在探究美国此举动机的基础上,分析了美国施行这一措施对国际贸易关系、美国本国工业产业以及中国等国家出口商的影响,进而针对这一措施提出相应的对策和建议。

基于地方保护的碳限额与交易机制下电力供应链企业的低碳技术投资研究

【目的/意义】在地方保护主义的背景下,研究了不同碳限额与交易机制对低碳技术投资决策的影响,以期识别电力供应链企业投资低碳技术的边界。【设计/方法】构建了由发电商和售电商组建的二级电力供应链,采用逆向归纳法,求得不同模型下的均衡解,对均衡解展开敏感性以及比较分析。【结论/发现】当单位碳配额较大时,基准法下的低碳投资水平、批发电价和售电商以及外地发电商的利润均大于祖父法下相应的均衡解;同时,受到地方保护的本地发电商的利润在基准法和祖父法下均大于外地发电商的利润;此外,电力需求量、批发电价和售电商以及外地发电商的利润在基准法和祖父法下都分别随着地方保护力度、单位碳排放量和低碳技术投资成本系数的增加而减少。

Electrochemical Characteristics in Seawater for Cold Thermal Spray-Coated Al-Mg Alloy Layer

For corrosion protection of carbon steel in a marine environment,cold arc thermal spray coating was applied to the surface with Al and Al-Mg alloy wires.The surface hardness of Al and Al-Mg thermal spray coatings increased with Mg content.And the various electrochemical experiments were carried out to evaluate corrosion damage characteristics of the thermal spray coating layers.The Al and Al-Mg thermal spray coating layers presented negative potentials compared to carbon steel in corrosion potential measurements.And an anodic polarization experiment revealed a tendency of activation polarization with no passivation.Furthermore,the corrosion damage of the thermal spray coating layer in galvanostatic experiment was observed mainly at the defect area,and the Al-3Mg thermal spray coating layer presented less surface damages than others.In addition,the Al-3Mg thermal spray coating layer showed the lowest corrosion rate while having a sufficient driving voltage for cathodic corrosion protection.Therefore,it is an optimal thermal spray material for sacrificial anode.