Vacancy defect MoSeTe embedded in N and F co-doped carbon skeleton for high performance sodium ion batteries and hybrid capacitors

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) and hybrid capacitors(SIHCs) have garnered significant attention in energy storage due to their inherent advantages,including high energy density,cost-effectiveness,and enhanced safety.However,developing high-performance anode materials to improve sodium storage performa nce still remains a major challenge.Here,a facile one-pot method has been developed to fabricate a hybrid of MoSeTe nanosheets implanted within the N,F co-doped honeycomb carbon skeleton(MoSeTe/N,F@C).Experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of large-sized Te atoms into MoSeTe nanosheets enlarges the layer spacing and creates abundant anion vacancies,which effectively facilitate the insertion/extraction of Na^(+) and provide numerous ion adsorption sites for rapid surface capacitive behavior.Additionally,the heteroatoms N,F co-doped honeycomb carbon skeleton with a highly conductive network can restrain the volume expansion and boost reaction kinetics within the electrode.As anticipated,the MoSeTe/N,F@C anode exhibits high reversible capacities along with exceptional cycle stability.When coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C(NVPF@C) to form SIB full cells,the anode delivers a reversible specific capacity of 126 mA h g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1).Furthermore,when combined with AC to form SIHC full cells,the anode demonstrates excellent cycling stability with a reversible specific capacity of50 mA h g^(-1) keeping over 3700 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1).In situ XRD,ex situ TEM characterization,and theoretical calculations(DFT) further confirm the reversibility of sodium storage in MoSeTe/N,F@C anode materials during electrochemical reactions,highlighting their potential for widespread practical application.This work provides new insights into the promising utilization of advanced transition metal dichalcogenides as anode materials for Na^(+)-based energy storage devices.

Rational design of carbon skeleton interfaces for highly reversible sodium metal battery anodes

Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)have attracted increasing attention over time due to their abundance of sodium resources and low cost.However,the widespread application of SMBs as a viable technology remains a great challenge,such as uneven metallic deposition and dendrite formation during cycling.Carbon skeletons as sodiophilic hosts can alleviate the dendrite formation during the plating/stripping.For the carbon skeleton,how to rationalize the design sodiophilic interfaces between the sodium metal and carbon species remains key to developing desirable Na anodes.Herein,we fabricated four kinds of structural features for carbon skeletons using conventional calcination and flash Joule heating.The roles of conductivity,defects,oxygen content,and the distribution of graphite for the deposition of metallic sodium were discussed in detail.Based on interface engineering,the J1600 electrode,which has abundant Na-C species on its surface,showed the highest sodiophilic.There are uniform and rich F-Na species distributed in the inner solid electrolyte interface layer.This study investigated the different Na-deposition behavior in carbon hosts with distinct graphitic arrangements to pave the way for designing and optimizing advanced electrode materials.

Amorphous Se species anchored into enclosed carbon skeleton bridged by chemical bonding toward advanced K-Se batteries

Potassium-selenium(K-Se)batteries have attracted significant attention as one of the most promising alternatives of lithium-ion storage systems owing to high energy density and low cost.In the design of Se-based cathode materials,however,the low utilization rate of active Se and the rapid dissolution of polyselenides seriously weaken the capacity and cycle stability.Therefore,how to make full use of Se species without loss during the charge and discharge process is the key to design high-performance Se-based cathode.In this paper,a 3 D"water cube"-like Se/C hybrid(denoted as Se-O-PCS)is constructed with the assistance of Na_(2)CO_(3) templates.Thanks to the abundant carbonate groups(CO_(3)^(2-))originated from the Na_(2)CO_(3) templates,the molten Se species are firmly anchored into the pore of carbon skeleton by strong C-O-Se bonding.Thus,this unique Se-O-PCS model not only improves the utilization of active Se species,but also can reduce the contact with the electrolyte to inhibit the shuttle effect of polyselenides.Moreover,flexible carbon skeleton gives Se-O-PCS hybrid a good electrical conductivity and excellent structural robustness.Consequently,the resultant Se-O-PCS hybrid is endowed with an obviously enhanced K-ions storage property.

3D uniform nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton for ultra-stable sodium metal anode

Sodium metal batteries are arousing extensive interest owing to their high energy density,low cost and wide resource.However,the practical development of sodium metal batteries is inherently plagued by the severe volume expansion and the dendrite growth of sodium metal anode during long cycles under high current density.Herein,a simple electrospinning method is applied to construct the uniformly nitrogen-doped porous carbon fiber skeleton and used as three-dimensional(3D)current collector for sodium metal anode,which has high specific surface area(1,098 m^2/g)and strong binding to sodium metal.As a result,nitrogen-doped carbon fiber current collector shows a low sodium deposition overpotential and a highly stable cyclability for 3,500 h with a high coulombic effciency of 99.9%at 2 mA/cm^2 and 2 mAh/cm^2.Moreover,the full cells using carbon coated sodium vanadium phosphate as cathode and sodium pre-plated nitrogen-doped carbon fiber skeleton as hybrid anode can stably cycle for 300 times.These results illustrate an effective strategy to construct a 3D uniformly nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton based sodium metal hybrid anode without the formation of dendrites,which provide a prospect for further development and research of high performance sodium metal batteries.

Sodiophilic skeleton based on the packing of hard carbon microspheres for stable sodium metal anode without dead sodium

The propensity of metallic Na dendrites from uneven electrodeposits and the low Coulombic efficiency due to the inevitable existence of "dead sodium" are crucial barriers to realizing the Na metal anode.Herein,we report a multifunctional sodiophilic skeleton based on the packing of hard carbon(HC)microspheres for stable sodium metal electrodeposition without "dead sodium".Firstly,HC is sodiophilic substrate due to the intrinsic heteroatoms or defects which is a favor for the nucleation of Na.Secondly,silver nanoparticles electroplating on HC(Ag-HC)was adopted to boost the Na diffusion and further regulate the uniform Na metal epitaxial deposition due to well compatibility with AIMD simulation.Finally,the packing of HC microspheres provides the inner space for Na plating.Importantly,it was first found by Cryo-TEM that Na metal deposition in nanoscale is achieved by oriented attachment along[110]direction,leading to the formation of polycrystalline Na metal film on Ag-HC.Such epitaxial deposition can efficiently reduce the formation of "dead sodium" as revealed by chromatography tests,allowing the high Coulombic efficiency and good cycling stability robust kinetics.Finally,HC-Ag||Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)full cell with a low negative/positive ratio of 0.6 is firstly achieved and displays good cycling stability.This finding provides a new practical strategy without pre-plating of Na metals and demonstrates a highly reversible polycrystalline Na metal anode toward a high-energy Na-based battery.

AN EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CARBON SKELETON AND FUNCTIONAL GROUP IN CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONSince the DENDRAL system was elaborated by Standford University at the beginning of 1960s, structure elucidation systems have aroused a lot of researchers’ interest. On the basis of our multi-spectroscopic searching system, we have successfully built up a multi-

Recent Developments of Transition Metal Compounds-Carbon Hybrid Electrodes for High Energy/Power Supercapacitors

Due to their rapid power delivery,fast charging,and long cycle life,supercapacitors have become an important energy storage technology recently.However,to meet the continuously increasing demands in the fields of portable electronics,transportation,and future robotic technologies,supercapacitors with higher energy densities without sacrificing high power densities and cycle stabilities are still challenged.Transition metal compounds(TMCs)possessing high theoretical capacitance are always used as electrode materials to improve the energy densities of supercapacitors.However,the power densities and cycle lives of such TMCs-based electrodes are still inferior due to their low intrinsic conductivity and large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process,which greatly impede their large-scale applications.Most recently,the ideal integrating of TMCs and conductive carbon skeletons is considered as an effective solution to solve the above challenges.Herein,we summarize the recent developments of TMCs/carbon hybrid electrodes which exhibit both high energy/power densities from the aspects of structural design strategies,including conductive carbon skeleton,interface engineering,and electronic structure.Furthermore,the remaining challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted so as to provide strategies for the high energy/power TMCs/carbon-based supercapacitors.

Transient NOE driven signal enhancement of INADEQUATE solid-state NMR spectroscopy for the structural analysis of rubbers

INADEQUATE(Incredible Natural Abundance DoublE QUAntum Transfer Experiment)is one of the most important techniques in revealing the carbon skeleton of organic solids in solid-state NMR spectroscopy.Nevertheless,its use for structural analysis is quite limited due to the low natural abundance of^(13)C-^(13)C connectivity(~0.01%)and thus low sensitivity.Particularly,in semi-solids like rubbers,the sensitivity will be further significantly reduced by the inefficient cross polarization from 1H to^(13)C due to molecular motions induced averaging of^(1)H-^(13)C dipolar couplings.Herein,in this study,we demonstrate that transient nuclear Overhauser effect(NOE)can be used to efficiently enhance^(13)C signals,and thus enable rapid acquisition of two-dimensional(2D)^(13)C INADEQUATE spectra of rubbers.Using chlorobutyl rubber as the model system,it is found that an overall signalto-noise ratio(SNR)enhancement about 22%can be achieved,leading to significant timesaving by about 33%as compared to the direct polarization-based INADEQUATE experiment.Further experimental results on natural rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM)rubber are also shown to demonstrate the robust performance of transient NOE enhanced INADEQUATE experiment.

高倍率钠离子电池炭包覆纳米铋负极材料

铋作为新型钠离子电池负极材料,因其出色的离子动力学特性和长循环寿命而备受瞩目。铋基材料在能量密度和充放电效率方面展现出巨大潜力,但在应用中也面临体积膨胀和固态电解质层稳定性方面的挑战,需要通过纳米结构设计、界面工程以及碳包覆等方法来改善其导电性和结构稳定性。在这项工作中,以金属铋有机骨架材料为前体,通过一步炭化法得到了炭包覆铋纳米复合材料。铋颗粒通过C—O—Bi界面交互作用牢固锚定在石墨烯表面,在高电流密度下展现出优异的容量保持能力和稳定的循环性能。结果显示,由赝电容控制的钠离子存储过程有助于构建稳定的固态电解质界面膜并加速离子扩散,从而提高电池的循环稳定性和充放电效率。而铋与石墨烯界面较强的化学键结合有助于维持金属颗粒的结构稳定,缓冲体积膨胀,并加速二者之间的电子扩散,提高材料的电化学活性。这些发现不仅提供了改善电池负极材料的高效方法,还为理解和优化负极材料提供了新视角,对于设计和开发高性能钠离子电池负极材料具有重要的参考意义。

Co_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)/CNR催化剂制备及其氨硼烷水解制氢性能研究

以硝酸钴和硝酸铜制备溶液A,苯二甲酸(PTA)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)制备溶液B,两种溶液通过溶剂热法制备Co/Cu拉瓦希尔骨架系列材料(Co/Cu-MIL前驱体),进一步直接碳化前驱体制备出MOFs衍生物,即双金属碳纳米棒(CoxCu_(1-x)/CNR)催化剂。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、XPS等表征手段探究其形貌和组成。结果表明,Co/Cu-MIL经过高温焙烧后成功得到CoxCu_(1-x)/CNR,当x=0.5、溶剂热温度为120℃、焙烧温度为650℃时得到的催化剂催化活性最优,Co_(0.5)Cu_(0.5)/CNR催化剂催化氨硼烷(AB)水解制氢的TOF值为2718.21 h^(-1),反应的活化能为51.64 kJ/mol,且催化剂的循环稳定性较好,在循环10次后催化活性虽然有所下降,但对AB仍然保持100%的转化率。

基于碳纤维骨架的岭南历史建筑灰塑修缮新技术

灰塑作为岭南地区的瑰宝,对于民间传统文化传承有着重要意义。针对目前许多岭南历史建筑保护不当,灰塑构件损毁程度较为严重问题,通过创新研发V形、L形、固定支架码、挂翼固定支架和连接件等碳素纤维灰塑骨架构件,解决了传统金属骨架制作成型时间长、易腐蚀等难题,有效增强了灰塑的稳定性和耐久性。同时,结合三维扫描、红外成像及传统工艺技术修缮,确保原有结构受损最小。

全生命期低碳化目标下既有办公空间改造“绿之屋”的低碳营造

以“全生命期低碳化”为主要目标和设计手段,对既有办公空间展开建筑改造实践,通过空间用能、灵活适变、轻量建构、绿量提升、循环再生和智慧调控六个方面展开建筑营造。

煤沥青型焦制备与固结机理

以煤沥青为黏结剂,对焦粉型焦制备新工艺及其固结机理进行研究。研究结果表明:助剂BJ可激发煤沥青中芳香烃等化合物的活性,使煤沥青常温下具有黏结性,实现型焦的冷压成型,其湿块2 m落下强度大于50次;超细磨填充料可填充煤沥青收缩产生的孔隙,充实煤沥青炭化骨架,强化型焦的炭化固结;煤沥青最大的热分解挥发速率和热缩聚速率分别出现在336℃和629℃,湿块经370℃挥发15 min及600℃炭化30 min后制备的型焦抗压强度达20 MPa;煤沥青在挥发和炭化中解脱除H和N等并吸收O缩聚形成C—C键的炭化骨架,其C与H的物质的量比由1.69提高至2.80,C与O的物质的量比由91.77降低至67.23;型焦炭化块主要由C及少量O构成,煤沥青形成的C—C键炭化骨架将焦炭颗粒牢固地黏结成块,使得型焦内部结构紧密、均质性好。

电化学双电层电容器用新型炭材料及其应用前景

活性炭是目前使用最为广泛的一种电化学双电层电容器(EDLC)的电极材料,但其固有的缺点制约了EDLC性能的进一步提高。用新型高性能炭电极材料可使EDLC比能量和比功率性能进一步提高。这些新型炭材料包括基于石墨层状结构的纳米门炭,基于碳纳米管阵列结构的毛皮炭,通过高温置换反应制备的骨架炭以及电极可整体成型的纳米孔玻态炭。本文介绍了这些炭材料的电化学特性及其在电化学双电层电容器中的应用,指出用这4种新型炭材料制备EDLC的比能量或比功率性能远高于目前活性炭基EDLC,具有良好的应用前景。

废弃油脂促进褐煤转化生物甲烷效果与机理

为提高褐煤转化生物甲烷的效率,探讨废弃油脂与褐煤混合发酵的产气效果,采用NMR碳谱、三维荧光及宏转录组学分析转化效率变化的的内在机理,研究结果表明,废弃油脂的添加促进褐煤的累计甲烷产量增加了3.89倍,单位甲烷产量达到31.2 mL。褐煤中脂肪族碳相对含量降低11.4%,类富里酸酚羟基、酮羰基、羰基等基团含量增加明显。同时微生物菌群高峰期时活性产甲烷古菌例如Methanothrix, Methanoculleus占比增长50%以上。糖苷水解酶、脂肪酰辅酶A脱氢酶等与碳水化合物及脂肪酸降解相关的酶丰度增加明显。废弃油脂添加使乙酸及CO_(2)转化甲烷途径分别占比59.2%、40.4%,甲酰甲烷呋喃脱氢酶以及乙酸激酶等功能性酶也得到提升,促进了生物甲烷的转化。褐煤中脂碳率降低表明了在厌氧发酵中微生物菌群更易与褐煤中碳骨架大分子结构中脂甲基碳、芳香甲基碳、亚甲基及甲氧基等发生生物化学反应转化甲烷。高峰期厌氧发酵液相中生物可降解有机分子含量增加,其来源于微生物作用在褐煤有机质中致使微生物发生生物化学反应产生酚羟基、酮羰基等易于合成甲烷的小分子物质。废弃油脂添加可显著改变微生物群落组成,使其基因功能表达改善,促进甲烷的生成。研究结果为提高褐煤的生物气化率和废弃油脂清洁转化提供了参考。

钼酸催化简便合成D-葡萄庚酮糖

在三氧化钼水溶液体系中催化碳链重排合成了D-葡萄庚酮糖。首先以D-甘露糖为原料在碘催化下进行异丙叉保护,产率90%;接着在碱催化下与甲醛水溶液亲核加成反应,在C-2上引入羟甲基侧链,产率40%;然后在酸性条件下异丙叉脱保护,产率92%;最后在三氧化钼水溶液催化下碳链重排合成葡萄庚酮糖,产率56%(总产率18%)。对2-C-羟甲基-D-甘露糖和葡萄庚酮糖的乙酰化产物进行了核磁氢谱表征。方法原料易得,缩短了反应步骤,避免了昂贵金属试剂的使用。

碳骨架气相色谱法测定纺织助剂中短链氯化石蜡

研究碳骨架气相色谱测定纺织助剂中短链氯化石蜡的方法。短链氯化石蜡在钯催化剂作用下发生脱氯氢化被还原成相应的烷烃,重点研究了催化氢化效率的影响因素,采用外标法定量纺织助剂中短链氯化石蜡总量。针对成分复杂的纺织助剂,建立了浓硫酸磺化和弗罗里硅土小柱净化的样品前处理方法。结果表明：该方法定量限为20mg/kg,平均加标回收率在81.9%~92.8%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于5%。

双通道低氮煤粉燃烧器飞灰碳形成机理的研究

为克服燃煤发电过程排放的NOx对人体和环境的危害,低氮煤粉燃烧器得到广泛的使用.但如果低氮煤粉燃烧器利用不当,会造成飞灰碳的大幅增加.利用筛分法和烧失量法研究双通道低氮煤粉燃烧器飞灰碳的分布特性,利用压汞仪和XRD分析飞灰碳的失活程度,从而研究双通道低氮煤粉燃烧器飞灰碳升高的原因.结果表明,双通道低氮煤粉燃烧器飞灰碳为双峰分布,小粒径飞灰碳失活不明显,大粒径飞灰碳失活明显.分析原因后认为:小粒径煤粉颗粒在燃烧区域停留时间过短,没有完全燃烧;大粒径煤粉颗粒在高温乏氧区域停留时间过长导致的失活是双通道低氮煤粉燃烧器飞灰碳升高的主要原因.

塔东古城地区碳酸盐岩储层测井评价

塔东古城地区下古生界碳酸盐岩储层是近期的重点勘探目标.针对该区碳酸盐岩储层复杂的岩性、孔隙组分和特低孔、渗等特点,基于岩心分析、测井和测试资料研究形成了求取岩石组分、孔隙分布非均质性特征参数的方法,建立了储层分类、流体识别标准,并在新钻探井应用中见到了明显效果。

内蒙古巴彦淖尔市纳林套海汉墓出土人骨的稳定同位素分析

稳定同位素分析技术近年来发展为复原古代民族食物结构、社会经济模式的有效手段。本文应用该技术对内蒙古自治区纳林套海汉代墓葬出土人骨中的C、N同位素比值进行了测定。结果表明,纳林套海汉代居民日常饮食结构中保持着非常高的动物性食物摄入,植物类食物的摄入中以C4类植物为主。结合其他相关研究结果,我们认为西汉王朝通过实施移民屯垦和属国等政策,大力推动了河套地区的农业和畜牧业生产,改变了河套地区原有的经济模式和人们的饮食结构。本文的研究结果可以为复原汉代北部边疆的经济模式研究提供有益的线索和证据。