Synergistic Use of CO_(2) Pretreatment and Accelerated Carbonation Curing for Maximum Recycling of Steel Slag

Two carbonation approaches are considered for studying the effects on the hardening mechanisms of slurries made of 100 wt%electric arc furnace steel slag (EAF) slag or 80 wt%EAF slag incorporating 20 wt% of Portland cement,which are applied during the hot-stage pretreatment with simulated gas for raw steel slag or the accelerated carbonation curing of slurry.The mechanical strengths,carbonate products,microstructures and CO_(2) uptakes were quantitatively investigated.Results manifest that accelerated carbonation curing increases the compressive strengths of steel slag slurry,from 17.1 MPa (binder of 80 wt% EAF and 20 wt%cement under standard moisture curing) to 36.0 MPa (binder of 80 wt%EAF and 20 wt%cement under accelerated carbonation curing),with a CO_(2) uptake of 52%.In contrast,hot-stage carbonation applied during the pretreatment of steel slag increases the compressive strengths to 43.7 MPa (binder of 80 wt%carbonated EAF and 20 wt%cement under accelerated carbonation curing),with a CO_(2) uptake of 67%.Hotstage carbonation of steel slag is found for particle agglomeration,minerals remodeling and calcite formed,thus causing an activated steel slag with a dense structure and more active components.Accelerated carbonation curing of steel slag slurry paste results in the newly formed amorphous CaCO_(3),calcite crystalline and silica gels that covered the pores of the matrix,facilitating microstructure densification and strength improvement.Adopting the combinative methods of the hot-stage CO_(2) pretreatment and accelerated carbonation curing creates a promising high-volume steel slag-based binder with high strengths and CO_(2) storage.

Effect of CO_(2) Curing on the Physical Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate with Different Attached Mortar Contents

The effects of carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) curing conditions (temperature,relative humidity and CO_(2) curing time) on the physical properties of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) with varying attached mortar (AM) contents were studied.Before and after CO_(2) curing,the physical properties in terms of the apparent density,water absorption and crushing value of RCA were tested and the quality of RCA was determined.Besides,scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure of RCA.Results show that the physical properties variation of RCA with higher AM content are more significant,and the quality of RCA with lower AM content is easier to be upgraded during CO_(2) curing.The physical properties of RCA with 40.8% AM content are earlier stable than that with no less than 44.5% AM content during CO_(2) curing.The optimal temperature and relative humidity are 50 ℃ and 55% for CO_(2) curing,respectively.CO_(2) curing is incapable of upgrading the quality of RCA with AM no less than 50.6%.The quality of RCA with 44.5% AM content can be upgraded only under the optimum CO_(2) curing conditions.Under relative humidity higher than 40% and the CO_(2) curing time more than 12 h,CO_(2) curing upgrades the quality of RCA with 40.8% AM content.

Novel typology of accelerated carbonation curing:using dry and pre-soaked biochar to tune carbon capture and mechanical properties of cementitious mortar

One of the challenges of promoting accelerated carbonation curing(ACC)of concrete as a carbon sequestration strategy is ensuring that carbonation will not deteriorate mechanical strength.This study examined the mechanical strength,water sorptivity and carbonation efficiency of ten types of mortar containing dry or pre-soaked biochar subjected to internal and/or external carbonation.The results obtained enabled a typology of ACC to be proposed,in which the carbon dioxide absorption of mortar containing various types of CO_(2)-dosed biochar ranged between 0.022%and 0.068%per unit dosage hour.In particular,the mortar containing dry biochar dosed with carbon dioxide was the top candidate for concurrently increasing both compressive strength(54.9 MPa)and carbon dioxide absorption(0.055%per unit dosage hour).Mortar containing pre-soaked biochar dosed with carbon dioxide was identified as a strategy that achieved the highest carbonation efficiency(0.068%per unit dosage hour),but it also reduced compressive strength(45.1 MPa).Collectively,the proposed typology offers a useful overview of the different ways by which biochar can be used to tune ACC in mortar,according to any technical constraints and/or intended functions of the carbonated concrete components.

Improvement of the Compressive Strength of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites via Microwave Curing

Microwave processing was used to cure the carbon fiber/epoxy composites and designed for improving the compressive strength of the materials. By controlling the power of microwave heating, vacuum bagged laminates were fabricated under one atmosphere pressure without arcing. The physical and mechanical properties of composites produced through vacuum bagging using microwave and thermal curing were compared and the multistep （2-step or 3-step） microwave curing process for improved compressive properties was established. The results indicated that microwave cured samples had somewhat differentiated molecular structure and showed slightly higher glass transition temperature. The 2-step process was found to be more conducive to the enhancement of the compressive strength than the 3-step process. A 39% cure cycle time reduction and a 22% compressive strength increment were achieved for the composites manufactured with microwave radiation. The improvement in specific compressive strength was attributed to better interracial bonding between resin matrix and the fibers, which was also demonstrated via scanning electron microscopy analysis.