BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of gr...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of great significance to find reliable prog-nostic indicators to guide the treatment and management of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To explore the relationship between serum levels of five biomarkers[carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2,and ferritin]and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS This study included 200 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,and conducted an in-depth analysis of their baseline characteristics,relationship between tumor markers and staging,and prognosis.The study found that CA19-9 has a signi-ficant correlation with tumor stage,the average levels of CA24-2,CEA,CA72-4 and ferritin were slightly increased disregarding the stage of tumor.Survival analysis showed that increases in CEA,CA19-9,CA24-2,and ferritin were all associated with shortened overall survival of patients.Further multivariate ana-lysis revealed that elevated serum CA72-4 levels were an inde-pendent adverse prognostic factor.RESULTS This study reveals that there is a significant correlation between the expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2 and ferritin in patients with gastric cancer and prognosis,and can be used as important indicators for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer.In particular,markers that appear abnormally elevated initially may help identify gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Serum CEA and CA19-9 play an important role in the prognosis assessment of gastric cancer,and are effective tools to guide clinical practice and optimize individualized treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with a high degree of malignancy.It usually develops insidiously without any specific symptoms in the early stages.As one of the disease...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with a high degree of malignancy.It usually develops insidiously without any specific symptoms in the early stages.As one of the diseases caused by abnormal gene changes,GC has abnormal expression of various oncogenes and products during its development.Tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199)and carbohydrate antigen 724(CA724)are not expressed or lowly expressed in normal people,but significantly increased after carcinogenesis.Monitoring the changes in the levels of tumor markers such as CEA,CA199 and CA724 is conducive to early diagnosis and evaluation of the occurrence of some solid tumors.AIM To investigate the expression of CEA,CA199 and CA724 in GC and their correlation with clinical features,hoping to provide more effective markers for the early preventive diagnosis of GC.METHODS Of 87 patients with GC admitted to our hospital from September 2020 to December 2021 were included in the GC group,and another 80 healthy people who came to our hospital for physical examination with normal results during the same period were selected as the control group.The serum CEA,CA199,and CA724 levels were compared between the two groups,and the serum CEA,CA199,and CA724 levels were compared in patients with GC at different TNM stages,and the differences in the positive rates of CEA,CA199,and CA724 alone and in combination in detecting TNM stages of GC and GC were compared.In addition,the relationship between the levels of tumor markers CEA,CA199 and CA724 and the clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients was also analyzed.The relationship between the serum levels of CEA,CA199 and CA724 and the survival period of GC patients was analyzed by Pearson.RESULTS The serum levels of CEA,CA199 and CA724 in GC group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).With the increase of TNM stage,the serum CEA,CA199 and CA724 expression levels in GC patients increased significantly,and the differences between groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The positive rate of the CA724 single test was higher than that of CEA and CA199 single test(P<0.05).The positive rate of the three combined tests was 95.40%(83/87),which was higher than that of CEA,CA199 and CA724 single tests.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The combined detection positive rates of CEA,CA199,and CA724 in stages I,II,III,and IV of GC were 89.66%,93.10%,98.85%,and 100.00%respectively,all of which were higher than the individual detection rates of CEA,CA199,and CA724.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum CEA,CA199 and CA724 levels between GC patients with different genders,smoking history and alcohol history(P>0.05).However,the serum CEA,CA199 and CA724 levels were significantly higher in GC patients aged≥45 years,TNM stage III-IV,with lymph node metastasis and tumor diameter≥5 cm than in GC patients aged<45 years,TNM stage I-II,without lymph node metastasis and tumor diameter<5 cm(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA199 and CA724 in patients with GC are high and rise with the increase of TNM stage.The levels of CEA,CA199 and CA724 are related to age,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis and tumor diameter.The combined detection of CEA,CA199 and CA724 is helpful to improve the diagnostic accuracy of GC with high clinical guidance value.展开更多
Modified tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens could be used to develop anti-cancer vaccines.Carbohydrate antigens in which thioglycosidic linkages are used instead of O-glycosidic linkages may be more immunogenic an...Modified tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens could be used to develop anti-cancer vaccines.Carbohydrate antigens in which thioglycosidic linkages are used instead of O-glycosidic linkages may be more immunogenic and may stimulate the production of antibodies capable of recognizing naturally occurring carbohydrates due to their enhanced resistance to endogenous glycosidases and their inherent non-self antigen character.For this purpose,a new S-linked tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen STn has been successfully synthesized for the first time.展开更多
A ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare foregut developmental malformation usually diagnosed in adulthood. Five percent of reported cases of CHFC transform into squamous cell carcinoma. We report the presenta...A ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare foregut developmental malformation usually diagnosed in adulthood. Five percent of reported cases of CHFC transform into squamous cell carcinoma. We report the presentation, evaluation, and surgical management of a symptomatic 45-year-old male found to have a 6.2 cm CHFC. Contrast tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration demonstrated columnar, ciliated epithelium consistent with the histologic diagnosis of CHFC. The intracystic levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were extremely high (978118 U/mL and 973 μg/L, respectively). Histologically, the wall of the cyst showed characteristic pseudopapillae lined with a ciliated stratified columnar epithelium, underlying smooth muscle, an outer fibrous layer and no atypia. Immunohistochemistry for CA19-9 and CEA was positive. This is the first case report of a CHFC in which levels of CA 19-9 and CEA were measured. Our findings suggest that a large sized multilocular cyst and elevated cyst CA19-9 and CEA levels do not exclude a CHFC from consideration in the diagnosis. CHFCs should be included in the differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions. Accurate diagnosis of a CHFC is necessary given its potential for malignant transformation, and surgical excision is recommended.展开更多
BACKGROUND The roles of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen(CA19-9)in monitoring the patient response to chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)are not clearly defined,and inflammatory in...BACKGROUND The roles of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen(CA19-9)in monitoring the patient response to chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)are not clearly defined,and inflammatory indices,including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),have been sparsely investigated for this purpose.AIM To aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the kinetics of CEA,CA19-9,NLR,LMR,PLR and SII in serum and patient response to chemotherapy estimated by computed tomography(CT)in patients with unresectable mCRC.METHODS Patients with mCRC treated with a 1st-line and 2nd-line chemotherapy underwent at least 3 whole-body spiral CT scans during response monitoring according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumour 1.1(RECIST 1.1),and simultaneous determination of CEA,CA19-9,neutrophil,lymphocyte,platelet and monocyte levels was performed.The kinetics of changes in the tumour markers and inflammatory indices were calculated as the percentage change from baseline or nadir,while receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to select the thresholds to define patients with progressive or responsive disease with the highest sensitivity(Se)and specificity(Sp).The correlation of tumour marker kinetics with inflammatory index changes and RECIST response was determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and the clinical utility index(CUI).RESULTS A total of 102 patients with mCRC treated with chemotherapy were included.Progressive disease(PD),defined as a CEA increase of 25.52%,resulted in an Se of 80.3%,an Sp of 84%,a good CUI negative[CUI(Ve-)]value of 0.75 and a good fraction correct(FC)value of 81.2;at a CEA cut-off of-60.85%with an Se of 100%and an Sp of 35.7%for PD,CT could be avoided in 25.49%of patients.The 21.49%CA19-9 cut-off for PD had an Se of 66.5%,an Sp of 87.4%,an acceptable CUI(Ve-)value of 0.65 and an acceptable FC value of 75.An NLR increase of 11.5%for PD had an Se of 67%and an Sp of 66%;a PLR increase of 5.9%had an Se of 53%and an Sp of 69%;an SII increase above-6.04%had an Se of 72%and an Sp of 63%;and all had acceptable CUI(Ve-)values at 0.55.In the univariate logistic regression analysis,CEA(P<0.001),CA19-9(P<0.05),NLR(P<0.05),PLR(P<0.05)and SII(P<0.05)were important predictors of tumour progression,but in the multivariate logistic regression analysis,CEA was the only independent predictor of PD(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CEA is a useful marker for monitoring the chemotherapy response of patients with unresectable mCRC and could replace a quarter of CT examinations.CA19-9 has poorer diagnostic characteristics than CEA but could be useful in some clinical circumstances,particularly when CEA is not increased.Dynamic changes in the inflammatory indices NLR,PLR and SII could be promising for further investigation as markers of the chemotherapy response.展开更多
The serum of 40 normal subjects, 61 cases of various malignant diseases except pancreatic cancer,53 cases of various benign diseases and 33 cases of pancreatic cancer was examined with ELISA to determine the serum lev...The serum of 40 normal subjects, 61 cases of various malignant diseases except pancreatic cancer,53 cases of various benign diseases and 33 cases of pancreatic cancer was examined with ELISA to determine the serum level of pancreatic cancer-associated ant展开更多
BACKGROUND Preoperative serum tumor markers not only play a role in the auxiliary diagnosis and postoperative monitoring in colorectal cancer(CRC),but also have been found to have potential prognostic value.AIM To ana...BACKGROUND Preoperative serum tumor markers not only play a role in the auxiliary diagnosis and postoperative monitoring in colorectal cancer(CRC),but also have been found to have potential prognostic value.AIM To analyze whether preoperative serum tumor markers,including carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),affect the prognosis of CRC.METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted in a single center.Patients with nonmetastatic CRC who underwent initial surgery between January 2011 and January 2020 were enrolled and divided into development site and validation site groups at a ratio of 7:3.The independent prognostic factors were screened by Cox regression analysis,and finally,a prognostic nomogram model was established.The newly developed model was tested by internal validation.RESULTS Eventually,3526 postoperative patients with nonmetastatic CRC were included in the study.There were 2473 patients at the development site and 1056 patients at the validation site.Age(P<0.01,HR=1.042,95%CI=1.033-1.051),tumor node metastasis(TNM)classification(P<0.01,HR=1.938,95%CI=1.665-2.255),preoperative CEA(P=0.001,HR=1.393,95%CI=1.137-1.707)and CA19-9(P<0.01,HR=1.948,95%CI=1.614-2.438)levels were considered independent prognostic factors for patients with nonmetastatic CRC and were used as variables in the nomogram model.The areas under the curve of the development and validation sites were 0.655 and 0.658,respectively.The calibration plot also showed the significant performance of the newly established nomogram.CONCLUSION We successfully constructed a nomogram model based on age,TNM stage,preoperative CEA,and CA19-9 levels to evaluate the overall survival of patients with nonmetastatic CRC.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a kind of malignant tumor which is prevalent all over the world.Although some progress has been made in the treatment of gastric cancer,its prognosis is still not optimistic,so it is of great significance to find reliable prog-nostic indicators to guide the treatment and management of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To explore the relationship between serum levels of five biomarkers[carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2,and ferritin]and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS This study included 200 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,and conducted an in-depth analysis of their baseline characteristics,relationship between tumor markers and staging,and prognosis.The study found that CA19-9 has a signi-ficant correlation with tumor stage,the average levels of CA24-2,CEA,CA72-4 and ferritin were slightly increased disregarding the stage of tumor.Survival analysis showed that increases in CEA,CA19-9,CA24-2,and ferritin were all associated with shortened overall survival of patients.Further multivariate ana-lysis revealed that elevated serum CA72-4 levels were an inde-pendent adverse prognostic factor.RESULTS This study reveals that there is a significant correlation between the expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA19-9,CA72-4,CA24-2 and ferritin in patients with gastric cancer and prognosis,and can be used as important indicators for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancer.In particular,markers that appear abnormally elevated initially may help identify gastric cancer patients with poor prognosis.CONCLUSION Serum CEA and CA19-9 play an important role in the prognosis assessment of gastric cancer,and are effective tools to guide clinical practice and optimize individualized treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with a high degree of malignancy.It usually develops insidiously without any specific symptoms in the early stages.As one of the diseases caused by abnormal gene changes,GC has abnormal expression of various oncogenes and products during its development.Tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199)and carbohydrate antigen 724(CA724)are not expressed or lowly expressed in normal people,but significantly increased after carcinogenesis.Monitoring the changes in the levels of tumor markers such as CEA,CA199 and CA724 is conducive to early diagnosis and evaluation of the occurrence of some solid tumors.AIM To investigate the expression of CEA,CA199 and CA724 in GC and their correlation with clinical features,hoping to provide more effective markers for the early preventive diagnosis of GC.METHODS Of 87 patients with GC admitted to our hospital from September 2020 to December 2021 were included in the GC group,and another 80 healthy people who came to our hospital for physical examination with normal results during the same period were selected as the control group.The serum CEA,CA199,and CA724 levels were compared between the two groups,and the serum CEA,CA199,and CA724 levels were compared in patients with GC at different TNM stages,and the differences in the positive rates of CEA,CA199,and CA724 alone and in combination in detecting TNM stages of GC and GC were compared.In addition,the relationship between the levels of tumor markers CEA,CA199 and CA724 and the clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients was also analyzed.The relationship between the serum levels of CEA,CA199 and CA724 and the survival period of GC patients was analyzed by Pearson.RESULTS The serum levels of CEA,CA199 and CA724 in GC group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).With the increase of TNM stage,the serum CEA,CA199 and CA724 expression levels in GC patients increased significantly,and the differences between groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The positive rate of the CA724 single test was higher than that of CEA and CA199 single test(P<0.05).The positive rate of the three combined tests was 95.40%(83/87),which was higher than that of CEA,CA199 and CA724 single tests.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The combined detection positive rates of CEA,CA199,and CA724 in stages I,II,III,and IV of GC were 89.66%,93.10%,98.85%,and 100.00%respectively,all of which were higher than the individual detection rates of CEA,CA199,and CA724.The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum CEA,CA199 and CA724 levels between GC patients with different genders,smoking history and alcohol history(P>0.05).However,the serum CEA,CA199 and CA724 levels were significantly higher in GC patients aged≥45 years,TNM stage III-IV,with lymph node metastasis and tumor diameter≥5 cm than in GC patients aged<45 years,TNM stage I-II,without lymph node metastasis and tumor diameter<5 cm(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The expression levels of serum tumor markers CEA,CA199 and CA724 in patients with GC are high and rise with the increase of TNM stage.The levels of CEA,CA199 and CA724 are related to age,TNM stage,lymph node metastasis and tumor diameter.The combined detection of CEA,CA199 and CA724 is helpful to improve the diagnostic accuracy of GC with high clinical guidance value.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20732001).
文摘Modified tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens could be used to develop anti-cancer vaccines.Carbohydrate antigens in which thioglycosidic linkages are used instead of O-glycosidic linkages may be more immunogenic and may stimulate the production of antibodies capable of recognizing naturally occurring carbohydrates due to their enhanced resistance to endogenous glycosidases and their inherent non-self antigen character.For this purpose,a new S-linked tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen STn has been successfully synthesized for the first time.
文摘A ciliated hepatic foregut cyst (CHFC) is a rare foregut developmental malformation usually diagnosed in adulthood. Five percent of reported cases of CHFC transform into squamous cell carcinoma. We report the presentation, evaluation, and surgical management of a symptomatic 45-year-old male found to have a 6.2 cm CHFC. Contrast tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration demonstrated columnar, ciliated epithelium consistent with the histologic diagnosis of CHFC. The intracystic levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were extremely high (978118 U/mL and 973 μg/L, respectively). Histologically, the wall of the cyst showed characteristic pseudopapillae lined with a ciliated stratified columnar epithelium, underlying smooth muscle, an outer fibrous layer and no atypia. Immunohistochemistry for CA19-9 and CEA was positive. This is the first case report of a CHFC in which levels of CA 19-9 and CEA were measured. Our findings suggest that a large sized multilocular cyst and elevated cyst CA19-9 and CEA levels do not exclude a CHFC from consideration in the diagnosis. CHFCs should be included in the differential diagnosis of hepatic lesions. Accurate diagnosis of a CHFC is necessary given its potential for malignant transformation, and surgical excision is recommended.
文摘BACKGROUND The roles of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen(CA19-9)in monitoring the patient response to chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)are not clearly defined,and inflammatory indices,including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and systemic immune-inflammation index(SII),have been sparsely investigated for this purpose.AIM To aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the kinetics of CEA,CA19-9,NLR,LMR,PLR and SII in serum and patient response to chemotherapy estimated by computed tomography(CT)in patients with unresectable mCRC.METHODS Patients with mCRC treated with a 1st-line and 2nd-line chemotherapy underwent at least 3 whole-body spiral CT scans during response monitoring according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumour 1.1(RECIST 1.1),and simultaneous determination of CEA,CA19-9,neutrophil,lymphocyte,platelet and monocyte levels was performed.The kinetics of changes in the tumour markers and inflammatory indices were calculated as the percentage change from baseline or nadir,while receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn to select the thresholds to define patients with progressive or responsive disease with the highest sensitivity(Se)and specificity(Sp).The correlation of tumour marker kinetics with inflammatory index changes and RECIST response was determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and the clinical utility index(CUI).RESULTS A total of 102 patients with mCRC treated with chemotherapy were included.Progressive disease(PD),defined as a CEA increase of 25.52%,resulted in an Se of 80.3%,an Sp of 84%,a good CUI negative[CUI(Ve-)]value of 0.75 and a good fraction correct(FC)value of 81.2;at a CEA cut-off of-60.85%with an Se of 100%and an Sp of 35.7%for PD,CT could be avoided in 25.49%of patients.The 21.49%CA19-9 cut-off for PD had an Se of 66.5%,an Sp of 87.4%,an acceptable CUI(Ve-)value of 0.65 and an acceptable FC value of 75.An NLR increase of 11.5%for PD had an Se of 67%and an Sp of 66%;a PLR increase of 5.9%had an Se of 53%and an Sp of 69%;an SII increase above-6.04%had an Se of 72%and an Sp of 63%;and all had acceptable CUI(Ve-)values at 0.55.In the univariate logistic regression analysis,CEA(P<0.001),CA19-9(P<0.05),NLR(P<0.05),PLR(P<0.05)and SII(P<0.05)were important predictors of tumour progression,but in the multivariate logistic regression analysis,CEA was the only independent predictor of PD(P<0.05).CONCLUSION CEA is a useful marker for monitoring the chemotherapy response of patients with unresectable mCRC and could replace a quarter of CT examinations.CA19-9 has poorer diagnostic characteristics than CEA but could be useful in some clinical circumstances,particularly when CEA is not increased.Dynamic changes in the inflammatory indices NLR,PLR and SII could be promising for further investigation as markers of the chemotherapy response.
文摘The serum of 40 normal subjects, 61 cases of various malignant diseases except pancreatic cancer,53 cases of various benign diseases and 33 cases of pancreatic cancer was examined with ELISA to determine the serum level of pancreatic cancer-associated ant
基金CQMU Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,No.W0190.
文摘BACKGROUND Preoperative serum tumor markers not only play a role in the auxiliary diagnosis and postoperative monitoring in colorectal cancer(CRC),but also have been found to have potential prognostic value.AIM To analyze whether preoperative serum tumor markers,including carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),affect the prognosis of CRC.METHODS This was a retrospective study conducted in a single center.Patients with nonmetastatic CRC who underwent initial surgery between January 2011 and January 2020 were enrolled and divided into development site and validation site groups at a ratio of 7:3.The independent prognostic factors were screened by Cox regression analysis,and finally,a prognostic nomogram model was established.The newly developed model was tested by internal validation.RESULTS Eventually,3526 postoperative patients with nonmetastatic CRC were included in the study.There were 2473 patients at the development site and 1056 patients at the validation site.Age(P<0.01,HR=1.042,95%CI=1.033-1.051),tumor node metastasis(TNM)classification(P<0.01,HR=1.938,95%CI=1.665-2.255),preoperative CEA(P=0.001,HR=1.393,95%CI=1.137-1.707)and CA19-9(P<0.01,HR=1.948,95%CI=1.614-2.438)levels were considered independent prognostic factors for patients with nonmetastatic CRC and were used as variables in the nomogram model.The areas under the curve of the development and validation sites were 0.655 and 0.658,respectively.The calibration plot also showed the significant performance of the newly established nomogram.CONCLUSION We successfully constructed a nomogram model based on age,TNM stage,preoperative CEA,and CA19-9 levels to evaluate the overall survival of patients with nonmetastatic CRC.
