Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart＇s response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. Traditionally, it has been considered a beneficial mechanism; however, sustained...Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart＇s response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. Traditionally, it has been considered a beneficial mechanism; however, sustained hypertrophy has been associated with a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Delineating intracellular signaling pathways involved in the different aspects of cardiac hypertrophy will permit future improvements in potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Generally, there are two types of cardiac hypertrophies, adaptive hypertrophy, including eutrophy （normal growth） and physiological hypertrophy （growth induced by conditioning）, and maladaptive hypertrophy, physical including pathologic or reactive hypertrophy （growth induced by pathologic stimuli） and hypertrophic growth caused by genetic mutations affecting sarcomeric or cytoskeletal proteins. Accumulating observations from animal models and human patients have identified a number of intracellular signaling pathways that characterized as important transducers of the hypertrophic response, including calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated Tcells, phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt （PI3Ks/Akt）, G protein-coupled receptors, small G proteins, MAPK, PKCs, Gp130/STAT3, Na＋/H＋ exchanger, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, myocyte enhancer factor 2/histone deacetylases, and many others. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that adaptive cardiac hypertrophy is regulated in large part by the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factors axis via signaling through the PI3K/Akt pathway. In contrast, pathological or reactive hypertrophy is triggered by autocrine and paracrine neurohormonal factors released during biomechanical stress that signal through the Gq/phosphorlipase C pathway, leading to an increase in cytosolic calcium and activation of PKC.展开更多
目的心力衰竭是临床常见的危重症之一,研究其发病机制,建立合适的动物模型是其必要条件。文中通过腹主动脉缩窄法致压力负荷增加大鼠模型,模拟充血性心力衰竭左心室重构的病理生理改变,探讨压力负荷增加大鼠心力衰竭模型建立的可行性。...目的心力衰竭是临床常见的危重症之一,研究其发病机制,建立合适的动物模型是其必要条件。文中通过腹主动脉缩窄法致压力负荷增加大鼠模型,模拟充血性心力衰竭左心室重构的病理生理改变,探讨压力负荷增加大鼠心力衰竭模型建立的可行性。方法将雄性SD大鼠30只随机分为假手术组和模型组,观察造模4周和8周后心肌肥厚[左心室重量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)、左心室心肌病理形态苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、左心室心肌细胞超微结构]和心肌纤维化(左心室心肌病理形态胶原染色、左心室心肌间质超微结构)指标的改变。结果模型组大鼠造模4周、8周时LVMI较假手术组显著升高(P<0.05)。左心室心肌病理形态HE染色及左心室心肌细胞超微结构也可见明显异常改变。结论腹主动脉狭窄所致压力负荷增加大鼠在造模4周即已形成左心室重构的主要病理生理改变,是较为理想的充血性心力衰竭左心室重构模型。展开更多
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a widely expressed protein kinase that relate to cellular growth and differentiation. It is most abundant in the heart. Recently,many researches revealed that ILK is highly relevant to ...Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a widely expressed protein kinase that relate to cellular growth and differentiation. It is most abundant in the heart. Recently,many researches revealed that ILK is highly relevant to cardiac response to biomechanical stresses. Also,ILK plays important roles in regulation of the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy,dilated cardiomyopathy,viral myocarditis and myocardial senescence via correlation to several classical signal transduction pathway. Meanwhile,ILK functions in protection after myocardial infarction. This article will try to summarize the effects and relevant mechanism of ILK in above-mentioned aspects,overall reveals the roles of ILK in heart and its potential clinical significance.展开更多
文摘Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart＇s response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. Traditionally, it has been considered a beneficial mechanism; however, sustained hypertrophy has been associated with a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Delineating intracellular signaling pathways involved in the different aspects of cardiac hypertrophy will permit future improvements in potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Generally, there are two types of cardiac hypertrophies, adaptive hypertrophy, including eutrophy （normal growth） and physiological hypertrophy （growth induced by conditioning）, and maladaptive hypertrophy, physical including pathologic or reactive hypertrophy （growth induced by pathologic stimuli） and hypertrophic growth caused by genetic mutations affecting sarcomeric or cytoskeletal proteins. Accumulating observations from animal models and human patients have identified a number of intracellular signaling pathways that characterized as important transducers of the hypertrophic response, including calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated Tcells, phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt （PI3Ks/Akt）, G protein-coupled receptors, small G proteins, MAPK, PKCs, Gp130/STAT3, Na＋/H＋ exchanger, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, myocyte enhancer factor 2/histone deacetylases, and many others. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that adaptive cardiac hypertrophy is regulated in large part by the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factors axis via signaling through the PI3K/Akt pathway. In contrast, pathological or reactive hypertrophy is triggered by autocrine and paracrine neurohormonal factors released during biomechanical stress that signal through the Gq/phosphorlipase C pathway, leading to an increase in cytosolic calcium and activation of PKC.
文摘目的心力衰竭是临床常见的危重症之一,研究其发病机制,建立合适的动物模型是其必要条件。文中通过腹主动脉缩窄法致压力负荷增加大鼠模型,模拟充血性心力衰竭左心室重构的病理生理改变,探讨压力负荷增加大鼠心力衰竭模型建立的可行性。方法将雄性SD大鼠30只随机分为假手术组和模型组,观察造模4周和8周后心肌肥厚[左心室重量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)、左心室心肌病理形态苏木精-伊红(HE)染色、左心室心肌细胞超微结构]和心肌纤维化(左心室心肌病理形态胶原染色、左心室心肌间质超微结构)指标的改变。结果模型组大鼠造模4周、8周时LVMI较假手术组显著升高(P<0.05)。左心室心肌病理形态HE染色及左心室心肌细胞超微结构也可见明显异常改变。结论腹主动脉狭窄所致压力负荷增加大鼠在造模4周即已形成左心室重构的主要病理生理改变,是较为理想的充血性心力衰竭左心室重构模型。
文摘Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a widely expressed protein kinase that relate to cellular growth and differentiation. It is most abundant in the heart. Recently,many researches revealed that ILK is highly relevant to cardiac response to biomechanical stresses. Also,ILK plays important roles in regulation of the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy,dilated cardiomyopathy,viral myocarditis and myocardial senescence via correlation to several classical signal transduction pathway. Meanwhile,ILK functions in protection after myocardial infarction. This article will try to summarize the effects and relevant mechanism of ILK in above-mentioned aspects,overall reveals the roles of ILK in heart and its potential clinical significance.
