BACKGROUND Phosphoglycerate kinase 1(PGK1)has been identified as a possible biomarker for breast cancer(BC)and may play a role in the development and advancement of triple-negative BC(TNBC).AIM To explore the PGK1 and...BACKGROUND Phosphoglycerate kinase 1(PGK1)has been identified as a possible biomarker for breast cancer(BC)and may play a role in the development and advancement of triple-negative BC(TNBC).AIM To explore the PGK1 and BC research status and PGK1 expression and mecha-nism differences among TNBC,non-TNBC,and normal breast tissue.METHODS PGK1 and BC related literature was downloaded from Web of Science Core Co-llection Core Collection.Publication counts,key-word frequency,cooperation networks,and theme trends were analyzed.Normal breast,TNBC,and non-TNBC mRNA data were gathered,and differentially expressed genes obtained.Area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves,sensitivity and specificity of PGK1 expression were determined.Kaplan Meier revealed PGK1’s prognostic implication.PGK1 co-expressed genes were explored,and Gene Onto-logy,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,and Disease Ontology applied.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed.Hub genes identified.RESULTS PGK1 and BC related publications have surged since 2020,with China leading the way.The most frequent keyword was“Expression”.Collaborative networks were found among co-citations,countries,institutions,and authors.PGK1 expression and BC progression were research hotspots,and PGK1 expression and BC survival were research frontiers.In 16 TNBC vs non-cancerous breast and 15 TNBC vs non-TNBC datasets,PGK1 mRNA levels were higher in 1159 TNBC than 1205 non-cancerous breast cases[standardized mean differences(SMD):0.85,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.54-1.16,I²=86%,P<0.001].PGK1 expression was higher in 1520 TNBC than 7072 non-TNBC cases(SMD:0.25,95%CI:0.03-0.47,I²=91%,P=0.02).Recurrence free survival was lower in PGK1-high-expression than PGK1-low-expression group(hazard ratio:1.282,P=0.023).PGK1 co-expressed genes were concentrated in ATP metabolic process,HIF-1 signaling,and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways.CONCLUSION PGK1 expression is a research hotspot and frontier direction in the BC field.PGK1 may play a strong role in promoting cancer in TNBC by mediating metabolism and HIF-1 signaling pathways.展开更多
There has been a significant advancement in the application of statistical tools in plant pathology during the past four decades. These tools include multivariate analysis of disease dynamics involving principal compo...There has been a significant advancement in the application of statistical tools in plant pathology during the past four decades. These tools include multivariate analysis of disease dynamics involving principal component analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, pattern analysis, discriminant analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, correspondence analysis, canonical correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, genetic diversity analysis, and stability analysis, which involve in joint regression, additive main effects and multiplicative interactions, and genotype-by-environment interaction biplot analysis. The advanced statistical tools, such as non-parametric analysis of disease association, meta-analysis, Bayesian analysis, and decision theory, take an important place in analysis of disease dynamics. Disease forecasting methods by simulation models for plant diseases have a great potentiality in practical disease control strategies. Common mathematical tools such as monomolecular, exponential, logistic, Gompertz and linked differential equations take an important place in growth curve analysis of disease epidemics. The highly informative means of displaying a range of numerical data through construction of box and whisker plots has been suggested. The probable applications of recent advanced tools of linear and non-linear mixed models like the linear mixed model, generalized linear model, and generalized linear mixed models have been presented. The most recent technologies such as micro-array analysis, though cost effective, provide estimates of gene expressions for thousands of genes simultaneously and need attention by the molecular biologists. Some of these advanced tools can be well applied in different branches of rice research, including crop improvement, crop production, crop protection, social sciences as well as agricultural engineering. The rice research scientists should take advantage of these new opportunities adequately in adoption of the new highly potential advanced technologies while planning experimental designs, data collection, analysis and interpretation of their research data sets.展开更多
BACKGROUND Digital pathology image(DPI)analysis has been developed by machine learning(ML)techniques.However,little attention has been paid to the reproducibility of ML-based histological classification in heterochron...BACKGROUND Digital pathology image(DPI)analysis has been developed by machine learning(ML)techniques.However,little attention has been paid to the reproducibility of ML-based histological classification in heterochronously obtained DPIs of the same hematoxylin and eosin(HE)slide.AIM To elucidate the frequency and preventable causes of discordant classification results of DPI analysis using ML for the heterochronously obtained DPIs.METHODS We created paired DPIs by scanning 298 HE stained slides containing 584 tissues twice with a virtual slide scanner.The paired DPIs were analyzed by our MLaided classification model.We defined non-flipped and flipped groups as the paired DPIs with concordant and discordant classification results,respectively.We compared differences in color and blur between the non-flipped and flipped groups by L1-norm and a blur index,respectively.RESULTS We observed discordant classification results in 23.1%of the paired DPIs obtained by two independent scans of the same microscope slide.We detected no significant difference in the L1-norm of each color channel between the two groups;however,the flipped group showed a significantly higher blur index than the non-flipped group.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that differences in the blur-not the color-of the paired DPIs may cause discordant classification results.An ML-aided classification model for DPI should be tested for this potential cause of the reduced reproducibility of the model.In a future study,a slide scanner and/or a preprocessing method of minimizing DPI blur should be developed.展开更多
AIM To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with both node-negative gastric carcinoma and diagnosis of recurrence during follow-up. METHODS We enrolled 41 patients treated with curative gastrect...AIM To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with both node-negative gastric carcinoma and diagnosis of recurrence during follow-up. METHODS We enrolled 41 patients treated with curative gastrectomy for p T2-4 a N0 gastric carcinoma between 1992 and 2010,who developed recurrence(Group 1). We retrospectively selected this group from the prospectively collected database of 4 centers belonging to the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer,and compared them with 437 p T2-4 a N0 patients without recurrence(Group 2). We analyzed lymphatic embolization,microvascular infiltration,perineural infiltration,and immunohistochemical determination of p53,Ki67,and HER2 in Group 1 and in a subgroup of Group 2(Group 2 bis) of 41 cases matched with Group 1 according to demographic and pathological characteristics. RESULTS T4 a stage and diffuse histotype were associated with recurrence in the group of p N0 patients. In-depth pathological analysis of two homogenous groups of p N0 patients,with and without recurrence during longterm follow-up(groups 1 and 2 bis),revealed two striking patterns: lymphatic embolization and perineural infiltration(two parameters that pathologists can easily report),and p53 and Ki67,represent significant factors for recurrence.CONCLUSION The reported pathological features should be considered predictive factors for recurrence and could be useful to stratify node-negative gastric cancer patients for adjuvant treatment and tailored follow-up.展开更多
BACKGROUND Collision tumors of primary malignant lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the colon are rare.Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)–adenocarcinoma collision tumors are especially rare.CASE SUMMARY A 74-ye...BACKGROUND Collision tumors of primary malignant lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the colon are rare.Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)–adenocarcinoma collision tumors are especially rare.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain of 1 mo duration.Biopsy under colonoscopy revealed adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon.Subsequently,the patient underwent laparoscopic radical resection of right colon cancer with lymph node dissection.A collision tumor was found incidentally through postoperative pathological sampling.Genetic analysis showed a collision tumor of DLBCL with germinal center B-cell subtype and TP53 mutation,and adenocarcinoma arising in a tubulovillous adenoma in the colon,with BRAF mutation and mutL homolog 1 promoter methylation.The patient died 3 mo after surgery.To our knowledge,this is the 23rd reported case of collision tumor of colorectal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma.The mean age of the 23 patients was 73 years.The most common site was the cecum.There were 15 cases with followup data including 11 living and four dead with a 3-year overall survival rate of 71.5%.CONCLUSION Based on pathological and genetic analysis,surgery combined with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy may have good therapeutic effects for collision tumor.展开更多
AIM: To study the clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of typical Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis cotorectal cancer (HNPCC) families. METHODS: Four typical Chinese HNPCC families were analyzed usi...AIM: To study the clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of typical Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis cotorectal cancer (HNPCC) families. METHODS: Four typical Chinese HNPCC families were analyzed using microdissection, microsatellite instability analysis, immunostaining of hMSH2 and hMLH1 proteins and direct DNA sequencing of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes. RESULTS: All five tumor tissues of 4 probands from the 4 typical Chinese HNPCC families showed microsatellite instability at more than two loci (MSI-H or RER+ phenotype). Three out of the 4 cases lost hMSH2 protein expression and the other case showed no hMLH1 protein expression. Three pathological germline mutations (2 in hMSH2 and 1 in hMLH1), which had not been reported previously, were identified. The same mutations were also found in other affected members of two HNPCC families,respectively. CONCLUSION: Typical Chinese HNPCC families showed relatively frequent germline mutation of mismatch repair genes. High-level microsatellite instability and loss of expression of mismatch repair genes correlated closely with germline mutation of mismatch repair genes. Microsatellite instability analysis and immunostaining of mismatch repair gene might serve as effective screening methods before direct DNA sequencing. It is necessary to establish clinical criteria and molecular diagnostic strategies more suitable for Chinese HNPCC families.展开更多
Objective; To study the characteristics and tendency of incidence of patients with respiratory system tumors during the past 23 y in Tianjin. Methods: All data in our research was obtained from the surgical pathology...Objective; To study the characteristics and tendency of incidence of patients with respiratory system tumors during the past 23 y in Tianjin. Methods: All data in our research was obtained from the surgical pathology files of Department of Pathology of the general and the Second Hospitals of Tianjin Medical University between 1981 and 2003. All data was analyzed by Spss 11.5 statistics program. The comparisons were made by u-test, P〈0.05 was considered as significant. Results: 1. The detection rate of malignant tumors is significantly higher than that of benign tumors (U=52.68, p=0.000) in respiratory system. 2. The common sites of benign tumors are nose and pharynx, but the common sites of malignant tumors are lung and larynx. 3. The incidence of benign tumors generally peaks between the ages of 40 and 50, but the incidence of malignant tumor generally peaks between the ages of 50 and 60. 4. The commonest histological type of malignant tumors is squamous cell carcinoma, but the commonest histological type of benign tumors is papilloma. 5. The detection rate of malignant lung tumors steadily increased between 1981 and 1999 and increased sharply from 1999 to 2003, but the detection rate of malignant Nasopharyngeal tumors steadily decreased from 1981 to 2003. Between 1981 and 1997, the detection rate of malignant laryngeal tumors steadily increased, followed by a decrease between 1997 and 2003. Conclusion: The detection rate of malignant respiratory system tumors especially lung cancer is gradually increasing. Therefore early prevention and treatment are critical to patients' prognosis.展开更多
Ductal breast cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease;we investigate the correlation between tumor size, comedo necrosis, number of cell mitoses and axillary lymph node metastasis in ductal breast cancer. In this...Ductal breast cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease;we investigate the correlation between tumor size, comedo necrosis, number of cell mitoses and axillary lymph node metastasis in ductal breast cancer. In this study, 104 ductal breast cancer specimens were collected and divided into 3 groups: T1 group (tumor size ≤ 2 cm), T2 group (2 5.0 cm). Among those specimens, 95 cases were diagnosed with invasive ducted carcinoma, and 9 cases were ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). Results show that T3 group has a higher rate of axillary lymph node metastasis than T2 group and T1 group;T2 group has a higher rate of lymph node metastasis than T1 group. The patients with the number of cell mitoses (≥10) were also has a higher rate of axillary lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0139) than the patients with the number of cell mitoses (<10). No significance was found between comedo necrosis lesions and axillary lymph node metastasis, though the frequency of comedo necrosis lesions in patients with axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than those in non-metastatic patients. It is concluded that the tumor size and the number of cell mitoses were risk factors for axillary lymph node involvement in ductal breast cancer.展开更多
Objective To explore clinico-pathological features,immunophenotype,treatment and prognosis of urologic primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor ( PNET) . Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with urologic PNET were ...Objective To explore clinico-pathological features,immunophenotype,treatment and prognosis of urologic primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor ( PNET) . Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with urologic PNET were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were male,aged 29,32 and 75 years respectively.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the correlation between the pathologic findings of donor renal grafts and the post-transplantative diseases throuth the biopsies of donor grafts in 482 cases. Methods The renal structures of biop...Objective To evaluate the correlation between the pathologic findings of donor renal grafts and the post-transplantative diseases throuth the biopsies of donor grafts in 482 cases. Methods The renal structures of biopsies of the donor grafts in 482 cases were observed under microscope, and the pathologic findings combined with the post-transplantative conditions were analysed. Results After transplantation, acute rejection occurred in 71 cases,of when 16(22.5%) had adverse changes in donor grafts; chronic allograft nephropahty developed in 17 cases, of whom 7 (41.2% ) had adverse changes in donor grafts; elevated sera creatinine levels with unknown causes occurred in 39 cases, of whon 7(18.0% ) had adverse changes in donor grafts. The lesion of donor renal grafts had nothing to do with the acute rejection or other abnormalities after operation ( r≤ 0.3) but some kind of lesion had certain correlation with chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN, r 】0.3). Conclusion Routine biopsy of donor renal graft is展开更多
Summary: To determining the postmortem interval (PMI) through quantitative analysis of the DNA degradation of cell nucleus in human brain and spleen by using image analysis technique (IAT). The brain and spleen t...Summary: To determining the postmortem interval (PMI) through quantitative analysis of the DNA degradation of cell nucleus in human brain and spleen by using image analysis technique (IAT). The brain and spleen tissues from 32 cadavers with known PMI were collected, subjected to cell smear every 1 h within the first 5-36 h after death, stained by Feulgen-Van's staining, Three indices reflecting DNA in brain cells (astrocytes) and splenic lymphocytes, including integral optical density (IOD), average optical density (AOD), average gray (AG) were measured by employing the mage analysis instrument. The results showed that IOD and AOD declined and AG increased with the prolongation of dead time within 5 36 h. A correlation between the PMI and gray parameters (IOD,AOD and AG) was identified and the corresponding regression equation was obtained. The parameters (IOD, AOD and AG) were proved to be effective quantitative indicators for accurate estimation of PMI within 5-36 h after death.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the global trends in and explore hotspots of high myopia(HM)research.METHODS:This bibliometric analysis was used to reveal the publication trends in HM research field based on the Web of Science Core C...AIM:To evaluate the global trends in and explore hotspots of high myopia(HM)research.METHODS:This bibliometric analysis was used to reveal the publication trends in HM research field based on the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC).VOSviewer version 1.6.13 software was used to analyze the data and construct a knowledge map including the yearly publication number,journals,countries,international collaborations,authors,research hotspots,and intellectual base in HM.RESULTS:The search engine found 3544 peer-reviewed publications on HM between 2010 and 2019,and the yearly research output substantially elevated over the past decade.China is the top publishing country,and Sun Yatsen University was the most active academic institution.Jonas JB is the top publishing scientist,and Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science(IOVS)was the most productive journal.The highest cited references mainly focused on epidemiology and management.The keywords formed 6 clusters:1)refractive surgery;2)etiology and clinical characteristics;3)the mechanism of eye growth;4)management for myopic maculopathy;5)vitrectomy surgical treatment;6)myopia-associated glaucoma-like optic neuropathy.CONCLUSION:The evaluation of development trends based on the data extracted from WoSCC can provide valuable information and guidance for ophthalmologists and public health researchers to improve management procedures in HM field.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To summarize a common pathogenefic condition, the pathologic characteristics shown in frozen section and our experience utilizing 2 different common thyroid diseases (TD). diagnostic methods in cases of ME...OBJECTIVE To summarize a common pathogenefic condition, the pathologic characteristics shown in frozen section and our experience utilizing 2 different common thyroid diseases (TD). diagnostic methods in cases of METHODS Data from 638 cases with frozen sections from thyroid tissue were retrospectively analyzed. The intraoperative frozen sections of the patients and postoperative diagnostic results of routine paraffin sections were compared. RESULTS In the 683 patients, the gender ratio of females to males was 2.64 : 1, and the ratio between the patients with nodular goiter (NG) and the patients with thyroid adenoma was 1.5 : 1. The oldest age group of patients with thyroid cancer (TC) ranged from 40 to 49 years. Frozen section pathologic examination has been employed more and more in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases, and the detection rate of TC has increased year by year, i.e., the rate increased to 6.45%, 7.58%, 14.55% and 16.57%, respectively, in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) was the most commonly seen malignant tumor of the thyroid (MTT), which accounted for approximately 94.8% of MTTs and 11.44% of the total TDs. Micropapillary carcinoma accounted for 27.4% of TPC, and multifocal carcinomas accounted for 15.58% of TCs. Many of the TCs (19.48%) were complicated by benign diseases such as adenoma, NG and thyroiditis. The coincidence rate of diagnoses made by frozen section and paraffin embedding for thyroid disease was 98.59%. Calcification was rather common in NG and TPC, and there were significant differences in psammoma bodies (PMB) between the calcifications of TPC and NG (P 〈 0.01). CONCLUSION TPC ranks first in the incidence of MTTs and accounts for 94.8% of all MTTs. About 1/4 of TPCs are micropapillary carcinoma, while 1/5 are accompanied by benign disease, such as adenorna, NG and thyroiditis. PMB are of importance and of significance in the diagnosis of TPC.展开更多
This study evaluated the correlation between DNA degradation of the splenic lymphocytes and the early time of death, examined the early time of death by computerized image analysis technique (CIAT) and identified th...This study evaluated the correlation between DNA degradation of the splenic lymphocytes and the early time of death, examined the early time of death by computerized image analysis technique (CIAT) and identified the best parameter that quantitatively reflects the DNA degradation. The spleen tissues from 34 SD rats were collected, subjected to cell smearing every 2 h within the first 36 h after death, stained by Feulgen-Van's staining, three indices reflecting DNA content in splenic lymphocytes, including integral optical density (IOD), average optical density (AOD), average gray scale (AG) were measured by the image analysis. Our results showed that IOD and AOD decreased and AG increased over time within the first 36 h. A stepwise linear regression analysis showed that only AG was fitted. A correlation between the postmortem interval (PMI) and AG was identified and the corresponding regression equation was obtained. Our study suggests that CIAT is a useful and promising tool for the estimation of early PMI with good objectivity and reproducibility, and AG is a more effective and better quantitative indicator for the estimation of PMI within the first 36 h after death in rats.展开更多
Tremendous advances in artificial intelligence(AI)in medical image analysis have been achieved in recent years.The integration of AI is expected to cause a revolution in various areas of medicine,including gastrointes...Tremendous advances in artificial intelligence(AI)in medical image analysis have been achieved in recent years.The integration of AI is expected to cause a revolution in various areas of medicine,including gastrointestinal(GI)pathology.Currently,deep learning algorithms have shown promising benefits in areas of diagnostic histopathology,such as tumor identification,classification,prognosis prediction,and biomarker/genetic alteration prediction.While AI cannot substitute pathologists,carefully constructed AI applications may increase workforce productivity and diagnostic accuracy in pathology practice.Regardless of these promising advances,unlike the areas of radiology or cardiology imaging,no histopathology-based AI application has been approved by a regulatory authority or for public reimbursement.Thus,implying that there are still some obstacles to be overcome before AI applications can be safely and effectively implemented in real-life pathology practice.The challenges have been identified at different stages of the development process,such as needs identification,data curation,model development,validation,regulation,modification of daily workflow,and cost-effectiveness balance.The aim of this review is to present challenges in the process of AI development,validation,and regulation that should be overcome for its implementation in real-life GI pathology practice.展开更多
Objective:The present study was aimed to identify novel key genes,prognostic biomarkers and molecular pathways implicated in tumorigenesis of colon cancer.Methods:The microarray data GSE41328 containing 10 colon cance...Objective:The present study was aimed to identify novel key genes,prognostic biomarkers and molecular pathways implicated in tumorigenesis of colon cancer.Methods:The microarray data GSE41328 containing 10 colon cancer samples and 10 adjacent normal tissues was analyzed to identify 4763 differentially expressed genes.Meanwhile,another microarray data GSE17536 was performed for weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA).Results:In present study,12 co-expressed gene modules associated with tumor progression were identified for further studies.The red module showed the highest association with pathological stage by Pearson's correlation analysis.Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes in red module focused on cell division,cell proliferation,cell cycle and metabolic related pathway.Then,a total of 26 key hub genes were identified,and GEPIA database was subsequently selected for validation.Holliday junction-recognizing protein(HJURP)and cell division cycle 25 homolog C(CDC25C)were identified as effective prognosis biomarkers,which were all detrimental to prognosis.Gene set enrichment analyses(GSEA)found the two hub genes were enriched in“oocyte meiosis”,“oocyte maturation that are progesterone-mediated”,“p53 signaling pathway”,and“cell cycle”.Furthermore,the immunohistochemistry and western blotting showed that HJURP was highly expressed in colon cancer tissue.Conclusion:HJURP was identified as a key gene associated with colon cancer progression and prognosis by WGCNA,which might influence the prognosis by regulating cell cycle pathways.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of serious injuries of chest caused by road traffic accidents. <strong>Methods:</strong> Totally 112 autopsy cases with...<strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of serious injuries of chest caused by road traffic accidents. <strong>Methods:</strong> Totally 112 autopsy cases with chest injuries in the urban of Jingzhou road traffic accidents were collected. Systematic review and analysis of the general information, postmortem examinations and assessments of chest injury had carried out from Feb. 2016 to Mar. 2018. <strong>Results:</strong> Average age of the victims was 52.2 years and the ratio of male to female deaths was 2.39:1. The proportion of motor-cyclists and pedestrians increased significantly. The overwhelming majority of accident vehicles were motorcycles and bicycles. Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common injuries. Craniocerebral and abdominal injuries were the most common associated injuries. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common features of fatal road traffic injuries, often associated with vitreoretinal damage and serious multiple damages. These features reflect the characteristics of great violence in traffic accidents, which provides the evidence of identification of violent injuries.展开更多
Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN) and to explore the prognostic factors for patients and differences of...Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN) and to explore the prognostic factors for patients and differences of immunohisto- chemical markers between neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Methods: Retrospective reviews were conducted for the charts of 119 patients with GEP-NEN at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (China) from August 2003 to December 2013. Kaplan-Meier method was used to do the overall survivals analysis for the patients at different levels of predictive factors. Meanwhile, Cox proportional hazard model was used to select independent risk factors of surJival. Analysis of variance was used to compare the expression of immunohistochemical markers among different patho- logical grades. Results:Among 119 patients, pancreas (45/119, 37.82%) and rectum (33/119, 27.73%) were mostly involved. The onset age of GEP-NEN in female group was younger than that of the male group. There were 13 deaths (10.92%) during 18.9 (0.1-133.4) months follow-up period. Multivariate analysis indicated that neural invasion, gender and pathological grades of NET and NEC were independent risk factors. In neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN), Syn expression in G2 was higher than G1 and G3, while CgA showed no significant difference. All markers showed no significant differences between NET and NEC. Conclusion: GEP-NEN may occur at multiple sites of digestive system and lack specific clinical manifestations. Syn expression detected for the prognosis of G1, G2 and G3 tumors have clinical significance. Neural invasion, sex and patho- logical grades were independent prognostic factors for GEP-NEN patients. No significant difference was found in different pathological grades of NET and NEC.展开更多
Ninety-four pathologic specimens of gastric mucosa with lesions including simple intestinal metaplasia, intestinal types of mild, moderate, severe dysplasia and gastric carcinoma were submitted to morphometric analysi...Ninety-four pathologic specimens of gastric mucosa with lesions including simple intestinal metaplasia, intestinal types of mild, moderate, severe dysplasia and gastric carcinoma were submitted to morphometric analysis by an automated image analysis system. Four kinds of indices and four geometric parameters were measured. They were: (1) Index of Structural Atypism (ISA); (2) Index of Glandular Formation (IGF); (3) Index of Nuclei-Gland ratio (ING); (4) Widthen of Nuclear Band (WNB); (5) Geometric parameters of cell nuclei: including Area, Perimeter, Mean Diameter, and Contour. Apart from Contour, these variables were increased with increasing degrees of atypism in the various types of gastric mucosal lesions. Hence the indices and parameters may be used as objective diagnostic criteria. An assessment model was established for discriminating various types of lesions. The coincidence rate between the model assessment and the original histopathologic diagnosis was 86.1%. Morphometric analysis may provide a means of standardizing pathologic diagnosis and grading of gastric precancerous lesions.展开更多
Introduction: gait analysis of a subject with total hip replacement is described. Objective: instrumental gait analysis of a subject 12 years after the total hip arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: in a movement anal...Introduction: gait analysis of a subject with total hip replacement is described. Objective: instrumental gait analysis of a subject 12 years after the total hip arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: in a movement analysis laboratory, locomotion studies were carried out at freely chosen walking speed by a 64-year-old subject, obtaining kinematic, kinetic and surface electromyographic data in time and space. All measurements were assessments by applying walking protocols on a straight surface of 8 m long. Results: abnormal slight activations of semitendinosus and tibialis anterior muscles, of the left limb, were observed throughout the gait cycle, no spatiotemporal parameters far from normal values were detected. Conclusions: it was possible to obtain an exhaustive analysis of the parameters associated with the gait of a subject after 12 years of total hip arthroplasty.展开更多
基金Supported by the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health Commission Scientific Research Project,No.Z-A20220530.
文摘BACKGROUND Phosphoglycerate kinase 1(PGK1)has been identified as a possible biomarker for breast cancer(BC)and may play a role in the development and advancement of triple-negative BC(TNBC).AIM To explore the PGK1 and BC research status and PGK1 expression and mecha-nism differences among TNBC,non-TNBC,and normal breast tissue.METHODS PGK1 and BC related literature was downloaded from Web of Science Core Co-llection Core Collection.Publication counts,key-word frequency,cooperation networks,and theme trends were analyzed.Normal breast,TNBC,and non-TNBC mRNA data were gathered,and differentially expressed genes obtained.Area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves,sensitivity and specificity of PGK1 expression were determined.Kaplan Meier revealed PGK1’s prognostic implication.PGK1 co-expressed genes were explored,and Gene Onto-logy,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,and Disease Ontology applied.Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed.Hub genes identified.RESULTS PGK1 and BC related publications have surged since 2020,with China leading the way.The most frequent keyword was“Expression”.Collaborative networks were found among co-citations,countries,institutions,and authors.PGK1 expression and BC progression were research hotspots,and PGK1 expression and BC survival were research frontiers.In 16 TNBC vs non-cancerous breast and 15 TNBC vs non-TNBC datasets,PGK1 mRNA levels were higher in 1159 TNBC than 1205 non-cancerous breast cases[standardized mean differences(SMD):0.85,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.54-1.16,I²=86%,P<0.001].PGK1 expression was higher in 1520 TNBC than 7072 non-TNBC cases(SMD:0.25,95%CI:0.03-0.47,I²=91%,P=0.02).Recurrence free survival was lower in PGK1-high-expression than PGK1-low-expression group(hazard ratio:1.282,P=0.023).PGK1 co-expressed genes were concentrated in ATP metabolic process,HIF-1 signaling,and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways.CONCLUSION PGK1 expression is a research hotspot and frontier direction in the BC field.PGK1 may play a strong role in promoting cancer in TNBC by mediating metabolism and HIF-1 signaling pathways.
文摘There has been a significant advancement in the application of statistical tools in plant pathology during the past four decades. These tools include multivariate analysis of disease dynamics involving principal component analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, pattern analysis, discriminant analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, correspondence analysis, canonical correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, genetic diversity analysis, and stability analysis, which involve in joint regression, additive main effects and multiplicative interactions, and genotype-by-environment interaction biplot analysis. The advanced statistical tools, such as non-parametric analysis of disease association, meta-analysis, Bayesian analysis, and decision theory, take an important place in analysis of disease dynamics. Disease forecasting methods by simulation models for plant diseases have a great potentiality in practical disease control strategies. Common mathematical tools such as monomolecular, exponential, logistic, Gompertz and linked differential equations take an important place in growth curve analysis of disease epidemics. The highly informative means of displaying a range of numerical data through construction of box and whisker plots has been suggested. The probable applications of recent advanced tools of linear and non-linear mixed models like the linear mixed model, generalized linear model, and generalized linear mixed models have been presented. The most recent technologies such as micro-array analysis, though cost effective, provide estimates of gene expressions for thousands of genes simultaneously and need attention by the molecular biologists. Some of these advanced tools can be well applied in different branches of rice research, including crop improvement, crop production, crop protection, social sciences as well as agricultural engineering. The rice research scientists should take advantage of these new opportunities adequately in adoption of the new highly potential advanced technologies while planning experimental designs, data collection, analysis and interpretation of their research data sets.
文摘BACKGROUND Digital pathology image(DPI)analysis has been developed by machine learning(ML)techniques.However,little attention has been paid to the reproducibility of ML-based histological classification in heterochronously obtained DPIs of the same hematoxylin and eosin(HE)slide.AIM To elucidate the frequency and preventable causes of discordant classification results of DPI analysis using ML for the heterochronously obtained DPIs.METHODS We created paired DPIs by scanning 298 HE stained slides containing 584 tissues twice with a virtual slide scanner.The paired DPIs were analyzed by our MLaided classification model.We defined non-flipped and flipped groups as the paired DPIs with concordant and discordant classification results,respectively.We compared differences in color and blur between the non-flipped and flipped groups by L1-norm and a blur index,respectively.RESULTS We observed discordant classification results in 23.1%of the paired DPIs obtained by two independent scans of the same microscope slide.We detected no significant difference in the L1-norm of each color channel between the two groups;however,the flipped group showed a significantly higher blur index than the non-flipped group.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that differences in the blur-not the color-of the paired DPIs may cause discordant classification results.An ML-aided classification model for DPI should be tested for this potential cause of the reduced reproducibility of the model.In a future study,a slide scanner and/or a preprocessing method of minimizing DPI blur should be developed.
文摘AIM To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with both node-negative gastric carcinoma and diagnosis of recurrence during follow-up. METHODS We enrolled 41 patients treated with curative gastrectomy for p T2-4 a N0 gastric carcinoma between 1992 and 2010,who developed recurrence(Group 1). We retrospectively selected this group from the prospectively collected database of 4 centers belonging to the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer,and compared them with 437 p T2-4 a N0 patients without recurrence(Group 2). We analyzed lymphatic embolization,microvascular infiltration,perineural infiltration,and immunohistochemical determination of p53,Ki67,and HER2 in Group 1 and in a subgroup of Group 2(Group 2 bis) of 41 cases matched with Group 1 according to demographic and pathological characteristics. RESULTS T4 a stage and diffuse histotype were associated with recurrence in the group of p N0 patients. In-depth pathological analysis of two homogenous groups of p N0 patients,with and without recurrence during longterm follow-up(groups 1 and 2 bis),revealed two striking patterns: lymphatic embolization and perineural infiltration(two parameters that pathologists can easily report),and p53 and Ki67,represent significant factors for recurrence.CONCLUSION The reported pathological features should be considered predictive factors for recurrence and could be useful to stratify node-negative gastric cancer patients for adjuvant treatment and tailored follow-up.
基金National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,No.202110558154College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Sun Yat-sen University,No.202211534and No.202311516.
文摘BACKGROUND Collision tumors of primary malignant lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the colon are rare.Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)–adenocarcinoma collision tumors are especially rare.CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain of 1 mo duration.Biopsy under colonoscopy revealed adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon.Subsequently,the patient underwent laparoscopic radical resection of right colon cancer with lymph node dissection.A collision tumor was found incidentally through postoperative pathological sampling.Genetic analysis showed a collision tumor of DLBCL with germinal center B-cell subtype and TP53 mutation,and adenocarcinoma arising in a tubulovillous adenoma in the colon,with BRAF mutation and mutL homolog 1 promoter methylation.The patient died 3 mo after surgery.To our knowledge,this is the 23rd reported case of collision tumor of colorectal adenocarcinoma and lymphoma.The mean age of the 23 patients was 73 years.The most common site was the cecum.There were 15 cases with followup data including 11 living and four dead with a 3-year overall survival rate of 71.5%.CONCLUSION Based on pathological and genetic analysis,surgery combined with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy may have good therapeutic effects for collision tumor.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Medical Development Project,No.993025
文摘AIM: To study the clinicopathological and molecular genetic characteristics of typical Chinese hereditary nonpolyposis cotorectal cancer (HNPCC) families. METHODS: Four typical Chinese HNPCC families were analyzed using microdissection, microsatellite instability analysis, immunostaining of hMSH2 and hMLH1 proteins and direct DNA sequencing of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes. RESULTS: All five tumor tissues of 4 probands from the 4 typical Chinese HNPCC families showed microsatellite instability at more than two loci (MSI-H or RER+ phenotype). Three out of the 4 cases lost hMSH2 protein expression and the other case showed no hMLH1 protein expression. Three pathological germline mutations (2 in hMSH2 and 1 in hMLH1), which had not been reported previously, were identified. The same mutations were also found in other affected members of two HNPCC families,respectively. CONCLUSION: Typical Chinese HNPCC families showed relatively frequent germline mutation of mismatch repair genes. High-level microsatellite instability and loss of expression of mismatch repair genes correlated closely with germline mutation of mismatch repair genes. Microsatellite instability analysis and immunostaining of mismatch repair gene might serve as effective screening methods before direct DNA sequencing. It is necessary to establish clinical criteria and molecular diagnostic strategies more suitable for Chinese HNPCC families.
文摘Objective; To study the characteristics and tendency of incidence of patients with respiratory system tumors during the past 23 y in Tianjin. Methods: All data in our research was obtained from the surgical pathology files of Department of Pathology of the general and the Second Hospitals of Tianjin Medical University between 1981 and 2003. All data was analyzed by Spss 11.5 statistics program. The comparisons were made by u-test, P〈0.05 was considered as significant. Results: 1. The detection rate of malignant tumors is significantly higher than that of benign tumors (U=52.68, p=0.000) in respiratory system. 2. The common sites of benign tumors are nose and pharynx, but the common sites of malignant tumors are lung and larynx. 3. The incidence of benign tumors generally peaks between the ages of 40 and 50, but the incidence of malignant tumor generally peaks between the ages of 50 and 60. 4. The commonest histological type of malignant tumors is squamous cell carcinoma, but the commonest histological type of benign tumors is papilloma. 5. The detection rate of malignant lung tumors steadily increased between 1981 and 1999 and increased sharply from 1999 to 2003, but the detection rate of malignant Nasopharyngeal tumors steadily decreased from 1981 to 2003. Between 1981 and 1997, the detection rate of malignant laryngeal tumors steadily increased, followed by a decrease between 1997 and 2003. Conclusion: The detection rate of malignant respiratory system tumors especially lung cancer is gradually increasing. Therefore early prevention and treatment are critical to patients' prognosis.
文摘Ductal breast cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease;we investigate the correlation between tumor size, comedo necrosis, number of cell mitoses and axillary lymph node metastasis in ductal breast cancer. In this study, 104 ductal breast cancer specimens were collected and divided into 3 groups: T1 group (tumor size ≤ 2 cm), T2 group (2 5.0 cm). Among those specimens, 95 cases were diagnosed with invasive ducted carcinoma, and 9 cases were ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). Results show that T3 group has a higher rate of axillary lymph node metastasis than T2 group and T1 group;T2 group has a higher rate of lymph node metastasis than T1 group. The patients with the number of cell mitoses (≥10) were also has a higher rate of axillary lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0139) than the patients with the number of cell mitoses (<10). No significance was found between comedo necrosis lesions and axillary lymph node metastasis, though the frequency of comedo necrosis lesions in patients with axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than those in non-metastatic patients. It is concluded that the tumor size and the number of cell mitoses were risk factors for axillary lymph node involvement in ductal breast cancer.
文摘Objective To explore clinico-pathological features,immunophenotype,treatment and prognosis of urologic primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor ( PNET) . Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with urologic PNET were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were male,aged 29,32 and 75 years respectively.
文摘Objective To evaluate the correlation between the pathologic findings of donor renal grafts and the post-transplantative diseases throuth the biopsies of donor grafts in 482 cases. Methods The renal structures of biopsies of the donor grafts in 482 cases were observed under microscope, and the pathologic findings combined with the post-transplantative conditions were analysed. Results After transplantation, acute rejection occurred in 71 cases,of when 16(22.5%) had adverse changes in donor grafts; chronic allograft nephropahty developed in 17 cases, of whom 7 (41.2% ) had adverse changes in donor grafts; elevated sera creatinine levels with unknown causes occurred in 39 cases, of whon 7(18.0% ) had adverse changes in donor grafts. The lesion of donor renal grafts had nothing to do with the acute rejection or other abnormalities after operation ( r≤ 0.3) but some kind of lesion had certain correlation with chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN, r 】0.3). Conclusion Routine biopsy of donor renal graft is
文摘Summary: To determining the postmortem interval (PMI) through quantitative analysis of the DNA degradation of cell nucleus in human brain and spleen by using image analysis technique (IAT). The brain and spleen tissues from 32 cadavers with known PMI were collected, subjected to cell smear every 1 h within the first 5-36 h after death, stained by Feulgen-Van's staining, Three indices reflecting DNA in brain cells (astrocytes) and splenic lymphocytes, including integral optical density (IOD), average optical density (AOD), average gray (AG) were measured by employing the mage analysis instrument. The results showed that IOD and AOD declined and AG increased with the prolongation of dead time within 5 36 h. A correlation between the PMI and gray parameters (IOD,AOD and AG) was identified and the corresponding regression equation was obtained. The parameters (IOD, AOD and AG) were proved to be effective quantitative indicators for accurate estimation of PMI within 5-36 h after death.
基金Supported by Natural Science Key Research Project of the Education Department of Liaoning Province(No.ZD2020003)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.2019-MS-376)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the global trends in and explore hotspots of high myopia(HM)research.METHODS:This bibliometric analysis was used to reveal the publication trends in HM research field based on the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC).VOSviewer version 1.6.13 software was used to analyze the data and construct a knowledge map including the yearly publication number,journals,countries,international collaborations,authors,research hotspots,and intellectual base in HM.RESULTS:The search engine found 3544 peer-reviewed publications on HM between 2010 and 2019,and the yearly research output substantially elevated over the past decade.China is the top publishing country,and Sun Yatsen University was the most active academic institution.Jonas JB is the top publishing scientist,and Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science(IOVS)was the most productive journal.The highest cited references mainly focused on epidemiology and management.The keywords formed 6 clusters:1)refractive surgery;2)etiology and clinical characteristics;3)the mechanism of eye growth;4)management for myopic maculopathy;5)vitrectomy surgical treatment;6)myopia-associated glaucoma-like optic neuropathy.CONCLUSION:The evaluation of development trends based on the data extracted from WoSCC can provide valuable information and guidance for ophthalmologists and public health researchers to improve management procedures in HM field.
文摘OBJECTIVE To summarize a common pathogenefic condition, the pathologic characteristics shown in frozen section and our experience utilizing 2 different common thyroid diseases (TD). diagnostic methods in cases of METHODS Data from 638 cases with frozen sections from thyroid tissue were retrospectively analyzed. The intraoperative frozen sections of the patients and postoperative diagnostic results of routine paraffin sections were compared. RESULTS In the 683 patients, the gender ratio of females to males was 2.64 : 1, and the ratio between the patients with nodular goiter (NG) and the patients with thyroid adenoma was 1.5 : 1. The oldest age group of patients with thyroid cancer (TC) ranged from 40 to 49 years. Frozen section pathologic examination has been employed more and more in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases, and the detection rate of TC has increased year by year, i.e., the rate increased to 6.45%, 7.58%, 14.55% and 16.57%, respectively, in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC) was the most commonly seen malignant tumor of the thyroid (MTT), which accounted for approximately 94.8% of MTTs and 11.44% of the total TDs. Micropapillary carcinoma accounted for 27.4% of TPC, and multifocal carcinomas accounted for 15.58% of TCs. Many of the TCs (19.48%) were complicated by benign diseases such as adenoma, NG and thyroiditis. The coincidence rate of diagnoses made by frozen section and paraffin embedding for thyroid disease was 98.59%. Calcification was rather common in NG and TPC, and there were significant differences in psammoma bodies (PMB) between the calcifications of TPC and NG (P 〈 0.01). CONCLUSION TPC ranks first in the incidence of MTTs and accounts for 94.8% of all MTTs. About 1/4 of TPCs are micropapillary carcinoma, while 1/5 are accompanied by benign disease, such as adenorna, NG and thyroiditis. PMB are of importance and of significance in the diagnosis of TPC.
基金The project was supported by a grant form the Wuhan Mu-nicipal Chengguang Research Program (No 20015005049)
文摘This study evaluated the correlation between DNA degradation of the splenic lymphocytes and the early time of death, examined the early time of death by computerized image analysis technique (CIAT) and identified the best parameter that quantitatively reflects the DNA degradation. The spleen tissues from 34 SD rats were collected, subjected to cell smearing every 2 h within the first 36 h after death, stained by Feulgen-Van's staining, three indices reflecting DNA content in splenic lymphocytes, including integral optical density (IOD), average optical density (AOD), average gray scale (AG) were measured by the image analysis. Our results showed that IOD and AOD decreased and AG increased over time within the first 36 h. A stepwise linear regression analysis showed that only AG was fitted. A correlation between the postmortem interval (PMI) and AG was identified and the corresponding regression equation was obtained. Our study suggests that CIAT is a useful and promising tool for the estimation of early PMI with good objectivity and reproducibility, and AG is a more effective and better quantitative indicator for the estimation of PMI within the first 36 h after death in rats.
文摘Tremendous advances in artificial intelligence(AI)in medical image analysis have been achieved in recent years.The integration of AI is expected to cause a revolution in various areas of medicine,including gastrointestinal(GI)pathology.Currently,deep learning algorithms have shown promising benefits in areas of diagnostic histopathology,such as tumor identification,classification,prognosis prediction,and biomarker/genetic alteration prediction.While AI cannot substitute pathologists,carefully constructed AI applications may increase workforce productivity and diagnostic accuracy in pathology practice.Regardless of these promising advances,unlike the areas of radiology or cardiology imaging,no histopathology-based AI application has been approved by a regulatory authority or for public reimbursement.Thus,implying that there are still some obstacles to be overcome before AI applications can be safely and effectively implemented in real-life pathology practice.The challenges have been identified at different stages of the development process,such as needs identification,data curation,model development,validation,regulation,modification of daily workflow,and cost-effectiveness balance.The aim of this review is to present challenges in the process of AI development,validation,and regulation that should be overcome for its implementation in real-life GI pathology practice.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81072152 and No.81770283)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2015CFA027)+3 种基金Research Foundation of Health and Family Planning Commission of Hubei Province(No.WJ2015MAO10 and No.WJ2017M249)Clinical Medical Research Center of Peritoneal Cancer of Wuhan(No.2015060911020462)Subsidy Project of No.1 Hospital of Lanzhou University(No.Idyyyn2018-13)Innovation fund of universities in Gansu Province(No.2020B-009).
文摘Objective:The present study was aimed to identify novel key genes,prognostic biomarkers and molecular pathways implicated in tumorigenesis of colon cancer.Methods:The microarray data GSE41328 containing 10 colon cancer samples and 10 adjacent normal tissues was analyzed to identify 4763 differentially expressed genes.Meanwhile,another microarray data GSE17536 was performed for weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA).Results:In present study,12 co-expressed gene modules associated with tumor progression were identified for further studies.The red module showed the highest association with pathological stage by Pearson's correlation analysis.Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes in red module focused on cell division,cell proliferation,cell cycle and metabolic related pathway.Then,a total of 26 key hub genes were identified,and GEPIA database was subsequently selected for validation.Holliday junction-recognizing protein(HJURP)and cell division cycle 25 homolog C(CDC25C)were identified as effective prognosis biomarkers,which were all detrimental to prognosis.Gene set enrichment analyses(GSEA)found the two hub genes were enriched in“oocyte meiosis”,“oocyte maturation that are progesterone-mediated”,“p53 signaling pathway”,and“cell cycle”.Furthermore,the immunohistochemistry and western blotting showed that HJURP was highly expressed in colon cancer tissue.Conclusion:HJURP was identified as a key gene associated with colon cancer progression and prognosis by WGCNA,which might influence the prognosis by regulating cell cycle pathways.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong> To explore the characteristics and mechanisms of serious injuries of chest caused by road traffic accidents. <strong>Methods:</strong> Totally 112 autopsy cases with chest injuries in the urban of Jingzhou road traffic accidents were collected. Systematic review and analysis of the general information, postmortem examinations and assessments of chest injury had carried out from Feb. 2016 to Mar. 2018. <strong>Results:</strong> Average age of the victims was 52.2 years and the ratio of male to female deaths was 2.39:1. The proportion of motor-cyclists and pedestrians increased significantly. The overwhelming majority of accident vehicles were motorcycles and bicycles. Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common injuries. Craniocerebral and abdominal injuries were the most common associated injuries. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Fractures of ribs and pulmonary contusion were the most common features of fatal road traffic injuries, often associated with vitreoretinal damage and serious multiple damages. These features reflect the characteristics of great violence in traffic accidents, which provides the evidence of identification of violent injuries.
文摘Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (GEP-NEN) and to explore the prognostic factors for patients and differences of immunohisto- chemical markers between neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Methods: Retrospective reviews were conducted for the charts of 119 patients with GEP-NEN at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (China) from August 2003 to December 2013. Kaplan-Meier method was used to do the overall survivals analysis for the patients at different levels of predictive factors. Meanwhile, Cox proportional hazard model was used to select independent risk factors of surJival. Analysis of variance was used to compare the expression of immunohistochemical markers among different patho- logical grades. Results:Among 119 patients, pancreas (45/119, 37.82%) and rectum (33/119, 27.73%) were mostly involved. The onset age of GEP-NEN in female group was younger than that of the male group. There were 13 deaths (10.92%) during 18.9 (0.1-133.4) months follow-up period. Multivariate analysis indicated that neural invasion, gender and pathological grades of NET and NEC were independent risk factors. In neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN), Syn expression in G2 was higher than G1 and G3, while CgA showed no significant difference. All markers showed no significant differences between NET and NEC. Conclusion: GEP-NEN may occur at multiple sites of digestive system and lack specific clinical manifestations. Syn expression detected for the prognosis of G1, G2 and G3 tumors have clinical significance. Neural invasion, sex and patho- logical grades were independent prognostic factors for GEP-NEN patients. No significant difference was found in different pathological grades of NET and NEC.
文摘Ninety-four pathologic specimens of gastric mucosa with lesions including simple intestinal metaplasia, intestinal types of mild, moderate, severe dysplasia and gastric carcinoma were submitted to morphometric analysis by an automated image analysis system. Four kinds of indices and four geometric parameters were measured. They were: (1) Index of Structural Atypism (ISA); (2) Index of Glandular Formation (IGF); (3) Index of Nuclei-Gland ratio (ING); (4) Widthen of Nuclear Band (WNB); (5) Geometric parameters of cell nuclei: including Area, Perimeter, Mean Diameter, and Contour. Apart from Contour, these variables were increased with increasing degrees of atypism in the various types of gastric mucosal lesions. Hence the indices and parameters may be used as objective diagnostic criteria. An assessment model was established for discriminating various types of lesions. The coincidence rate between the model assessment and the original histopathologic diagnosis was 86.1%. Morphometric analysis may provide a means of standardizing pathologic diagnosis and grading of gastric precancerous lesions.
文摘Introduction: gait analysis of a subject with total hip replacement is described. Objective: instrumental gait analysis of a subject 12 years after the total hip arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: in a movement analysis laboratory, locomotion studies were carried out at freely chosen walking speed by a 64-year-old subject, obtaining kinematic, kinetic and surface electromyographic data in time and space. All measurements were assessments by applying walking protocols on a straight surface of 8 m long. Results: abnormal slight activations of semitendinosus and tibialis anterior muscles, of the left limb, were observed throughout the gait cycle, no spatiotemporal parameters far from normal values were detected. Conclusions: it was possible to obtain an exhaustive analysis of the parameters associated with the gait of a subject after 12 years of total hip arthroplasty.