Global trend of review articles focused on cardiopulmonary bypass:Perspectives from bibliometrics

BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)is a life-support technology widely used in surgery.Review articles reflect research advances in a certain topic or field within a certain period of time.AIM To perform a bibliometric analysis of the review articles that focused on CPB for cardiovascular surgery.METHODS This study was based on a bibliometric analysis.Data were acquired from the Web of Science and basic bibliometric parameters were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer and Excel.RESULTS We identified 141 review articles on CPB.Generally,the number of publications increased,and most of them were published in the 2010s(n=57,40.4%)and the 2020s(n=45,31.9%).There were 113(80.1%)narrative review articles,21(14.9%)meta-analysis studies and 7(5.0%)systematic review papers.The United States(n=25,17.7%)and China(n=21,14.9%)were the leading countries in terms of publication number.The articles were published in 98 different journals.The Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia(n=14,10.0%)and Perfusion-United Kingdom(n=11,7.8%)were preferred by the authors.The high-frequency keywords included inflammatory response,children,acute kidney injury,meta-analysis and off-pump,except for CPB and cardiac surgery.Inflammatory response had the closest relationship with CPB during cardiac surgery.The complications of CPB,including inflammatory response,kidney injury and ischemia,caught lots of concern.CONCLUSION The rapid increase of review papers shows that the research on CPB in cardiac surgery is increasingly being emphasized by scholars and clinical staff worldwide.Meta-analysis has been widely conducted to analyze clinical controversies and further guide clinical practice.Strategies to improving the outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB are the hot spots in this field.

Risk factors for prolonged intensive care unit stays in patients after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass:A retrospective observational study

Objectives:Patients after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)require a stay in the ICU postoperatively.This study aimed to investigate the incidence of prolonged length of stay(LOS)in the ICU after cardiac surgery with CPB and identify associated risk factors.Methods:The current investigation was an observational,retrospective study that included 395 ICU patients who underwent cardiac surgery with CPB at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou from June 2015 to June 2017.Data were obtained from the hospital database.Binary logistic regression modeling was used to analyze risk factors for prolonged ICU LOS.Results:Of 395 patients,137(34.7%)had a prolonged ICU LOS(>72.0 h),and the median ICU LOS was 50.9 h.Several variables were found associated with prolonged ICU LOS:duration of CPB,prolonged mechanical ventilation and non-invasive assisted ventilation use,PaO2/FiO2 ratios within 6 h after surgery,type of surgery,red blood cell infusion during surgery,postoperative atrial arrhythmia,postoperative ventricular arrhythmia(all P<0.05).Conclusions:These findings are clinically relevant for identifying patients with an estimated prolonged ICU LOS,enabling clinicians to facilitate earlier intervention to reduce the risk and prevent resulting delayed recovery.

Transesophageal echocardiography guided cannulation for peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass during robotic cardiac surgery

Background Minimally invasive cardiac surgery and closed chest cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） techniques continue to evolve. Previous reports have demonstrated the benefits of fluoroscopy guided cannulation for endovascular CPB during port access cardiac surgery. However, few data are available on the role of transesophageal echocardiography （TEE） guided cannulation for peripheral CPB during robotic cardiac surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate TEE guided cannulation for peripheral CPB during robotic cardiac surgery. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of intraoperative data of 129 consecutive patients underwent robotic cardiac surgical procedures requiring peripheral CPB from September 2007 to August 2011, which was established using femoral arterial inflow and kinetic venous drainage by way of the femoral vein and right internal jugular vein and a transthoracic aortic cross clamp. TEE was used to guide cannulation of the inferior vena cava （IVC）, superior vena cava （SVC）, and ascending aorta （AAO）. The success rate and the complication rate of TEE guided cannulation for peripheral CPB were evaluated and compared with the results of fluoroscopy guided cannulation in a historical control group. Results One hundred and twenty-nine consecutive patients underwent robotic cardiac surgical procedures requiring peripheral CPB. There were 67 female （51.9%） and 62 male （48.1%） patients, ranging in age from 13 to 70 years （mean （43.94 ± 13.82） years） and body surface area 1.32 to 2.39 m2 （mean （1.71± 0.20） m2）. Some 61 （47.3%） patients underwent mitral valve repair, 27 （20.9%） mitral valve replacement, 27 （20.9%） left atrial myxoma removal, and 14 （10.9%） ventricular septal defect repair. Of the 129 patients, TEE guided cannulation of the IVC or SVC was successful in all patients （100%）, and no puncture related complications occurred in all patients. Of the 129 patients, successful cannulation of the AAO was achieved in all patients （100%）, and aortic perforation occurred in 1 patient （0.78%） under TEE guidance. Of the 42 patients in the historical control group, successful cannulation occured in 39 patients （92.86%）, and major complications occurred in 3 patients （7.14%） under fluoroscopy guidance. TEE guided cannulation of the AAO significantly improved success rate （100% vs. 92.86%, P=0.014） and decreased complication rate （0.78% vs. 7.14%, P=0.046）.

EFFECTS OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON PLASMA CATECHOLAMINE AND ANGIOTENSION Ⅱ IN OPEN HEART SURGICAL PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

To study the effects of electroacupuncture on sympathetic adrenomedullary(SA) system and renin angiotensin aldosterone (RAA) system in open heart surgical patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 30 patients with atrial septal defect were randomly divided into general anesthesia (GA) group, acupuncture anesthesia (AA) group and acupuncture with general anesthesia (AGA) group. Peripheral blood samples were taken before anesthesia and 30 min after CPB. The plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), epinphrine (E) and angiotensinⅡ(AⅡ) were detected. Results: Plasma NE and E of post CPB increased significantly in GA group and AA group, but decreased significantly in AGA group. Plasma AⅡ of post CPB increased significantly in GA group, but no marked changes were found in AA group and AGA group. Conclusions: Acupuncture can improve the AⅡ response to cardiac surgery and CPB. AGA but not AA can inhibit the catecholamine (CA) response to cardiac surgery and CPB.

THE STUDY ON THE CHANGES OF ZINC, COPPER, CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN PLASMA AND ERYTHROCYTES DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS

Objective To study the changes and their influence factors involved of zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium in plasma and erythrocytes during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Methods Zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium values in plasma and erythrocytes were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer during CPB. Results Zinc and copper levels in plasma were significantly elevated above preinduction level before perfusion, but calcium and magnesium levels did not change significantly; zinc, copper and calcium levels in plasma were significantly below preoperation level during CPB, but magnesium level in plasma was significantly increased above preoperation; zinc level in plasma was increased to preoperation level after CPB and began to decrease again at 8 hours after CPB, copper level in plasma was increased to preoperation level at 20 hours after CPB, calcium in plasma was increased significantly from beginning to 8 hours after CPB, magnesium level in plasma was decreased to preoperation level at 8 hours afterCPB. Concentration of zinc , copper, calcium and magnesium in erythrocytes did not change significantly. Conclusion During CPB, the changes of zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium had relation to hemodilution, operative wound, carrier protein, stress and component of priming solution and cardioplegic solution, but no relation to transfer from plasma erythrocytes. The results indicate that it is beneficial to patient's recovery to supplement zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium properly by different ways during cardiac perioperation.

Risk factors for pressure ulcers in adult patients of cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Pressure ulcers(PUs)are a common complication of surgery.Despite PUs causing a heavy economic burden and diminishing patients’quality of life,their risk factors have not been thoroughly investigated.We aimed to find risk factors for PUs in adult cardiac surgery patients with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods:Demographic,laboratory,and surgical data,the score of pressure ulcer(PU)risk tool-Braden Scale of 2307 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)between January 2019 and September 2019 were obtained.The postoperative PU incidence rates were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis.Receiver operating characteristic curves(ROC)and the areas under the curves(AUC)were calculated to assess the predictive accuracy of PU risk.Results:Of the 2307 patients in this study,176 developed PUs after surgery,PU incidence rate was 7.6%.Univariate analysis showed that sex,emergency status,surgery type,surgery classification,and skin problems before surgery were risk factors for postoperative PUs.In multivariate analysis,emergency surgery,hemoglobin,hematocrit,pro-brain natriuretic peptide(pro-BNP),surgery classification,and skin problems before surgery were risk factors for postoperative PUs.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that emergency surgery,hemoglobin,hematocrit,pro-BNP,surgery classification,and skin problems before surgery are risk factors for PUs in adult cardiac surgery patients with CPB.The widely used Braden Scale is unsuitable for predicting PUs in such patients.

Exploring the Role of Serum Cystatin C in Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury among On-Pump Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Single-Center Investigation in Bangladesh

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) stands as a prominent postoperative complication in on-pump cardiac surgery, with repercussions on morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization duration. Current diagnostic criteria relying on serum creatinine levels exhibit a delayed identification of AKI, prompting an exploration of alternative biomarkers. Aims and Objectives: This study is designed to overcome diagnostic constraints and explore the viability of serum Cystatin C as an early predictor of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in individuals undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery. The investigation aims to establish the relationship between serum Cystatin C levels and the onset of AKI in patients subjected to on-pump cardiac surgery. Primary objectives involve the assessment of the diagnostic effectiveness of serum Cystatin C, its comparison with serum creatinine, and the exploration of its potential for the early identification and treatment of AKI. Methodology: Conducted as a single-center study at the cardiac surgery department of BSMMU in Bangladesh from September 2020 to August 2022, a comparative cross-sectional analysis involved 31 participants categorized into No AKI and AKI groups based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Data collection encompassed preoperative, post-CBP (cardiopulmonary bypass) conclusion at 2 hours, postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 2 intervals. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared tests, independent Student’s t-tests, and one-sample t-tests. Significance was set at P Results: The study revealed no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the No AKI and AKI groups, except for CPB time and cross-clamp time. Serum Cystatin C levels in the AKI group exhibited statistical significance at various time points, highlighting its potential as an early detector. Conversely, Serum Creatinine levels in the AKI group showed no statistical significance. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis further supported the efficacy of serum Cystatin C, with an Area under the ROC Curve of 0.864 and a cut-off value of 0.55 (p Conclusion: This study supports the superior utility of serum Cystatin C as an early detector of AKI in on-pump cardiac surgery patients compared to serum creatinine. Its ability to identify AKI several hours earlier may contribute to reduced morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The findings underscore the significance of exploring novel biomarkers for improved post-cardiac surgery renal function assessment.

Remimazolam benzenesulfonate anesthesia effectiveness in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia

BACKGROUND Sedation with propofol injections is associated with a risk of addiction,but remimazolam benzenesulfonate is a comparable anesthetic with a short elimination half-life and independence from cell P450 enzyme metabolism.Compared to remimazolam,remimazolam benzenesulfonate has a faster effect,is more quickly metabolized,produces inactive metabolites and has weak drug interactions.Thus,remimazolam benzenesulfonate has good effectiveness and safety for diagnostic and operational sedation.AIM To investigate the clinical value of remimazolam benzenesulfonate in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia.METHODS A total of 80 patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery from August 2020 to April 2021 were included in the study.Using a random number table,patients were divided into two anesthesia induction groups of 40 patients each:remimazolam(0.3 mg/kg remimazolam benzenesulfonate)and propofol(1.5 mg/kg propofol).Hemodynamic parameters,inflammatory stress response indices,respiratory function indices,perioperative indices and adverse reactions in the two groups were monitored over time for comparison.RESULTS At pre-anesthesia induction,the remimazolam and propofol groups did not differ regarding heart rate,mean arterial pressure,cardiac index or volume per wave index.After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off,mean arterial pressure and volume per wave index were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).After endotracheal intubation,the oxygenation index and the respiratory index did not differ between the groups.After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off,the oxygenation index values were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).Serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αlevels 12 h after surgery were significantly higher than before surgery in both groups(P<0.05).The observation indices were re-examined 2 h after surgery,and the epinephrine,cortisol and blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).The recovery and extubation times were significantly lower in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05);there were significantly fewer adverse reactions in the remimazolam group(10.00%)than in the propofol group(30.00%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with propofol,remimazolam benzenesulfonate benefited cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia by reducing hemodynamic fluctuations.Remimazolam benzenesulfonate influenced the surgical stress response and respiratory function,thereby reducing anesthesia-related adverse reactions.

Patient Frailty Can Increase the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery: Pilot Study

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe common postoperative complication of cardiac surgery (CS). It increases the risk of mortality by up to 80%. Therefore, it is essential to have preoperative risk evaluation tools. Frailty is a marker of deterioration of physiologic systems and may be associated with AKI. Purpose: The study aimed to determine the utility of frailty as a predictor of AKI after CS. Method: We enrolled 91 patients undergoing CS with cardiopulmonary bypass to determine if they had frailty before surgery and were associated with postoperative AKI. The diagnosis of postoperative AKI was based on the serum creatinine criteria of the Acute Kidney Injury Network classification up to 7 days following CS. Results: The incidence of postoperative AKI was 62% in the frail group and 21% in the non-frail group. Frailty was associated with a higher risk of AKI (relative risk [RR] = 3.00, 95% CI 1.56 - 5.77, p = 0.00). In regression models, there were associations between frailty and postoperative AKI. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that frailty could be a predictor for post-CS AKI. Therefore, frailty assessment should become an essential part of the preoperative evaluation to help the anesthesiologist to estimate the surgical risk and develop preoperative and transoperative strategies to preserve the renal function and improve the cardiac surgery outcome.

Cardio-Protective Effects of Oral Nicorandil in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Surgery

Background: Reduction of myocardial reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass is an essential requirement for increasing the success rate, decreasing morbidity and mortality of open-heart surgery. Aim: To study the role of pre-operative oral nicorandil in decreasing reperfusion cardiac injury in patients subjected to cardiac valve surgery. Patients and Methods: The study included 62 patients, who were equally randomized into two groups: nicorandil group and control group. Pre-operative, intra-operative and post- operative data were reported and analyzed. Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction (LVEF) was estimated pre-operatively and postoperatively for both groups. Troponin I, creatine kinase-muscle/brain (CK-MB), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured before surgery by 24 hours then 4, 12 and 48 hours after aortic cross clamp removal. Results: Nicorandil considerably decreased TNF-α and IL-6 after 4 and 12 hours following the removal of aortic clamping. It also reduced troponin-I and CKMB at the same time points. However, there were no important changes in IL-6, TNF-α, troponin-I and CK-MB levels in control group in comparison to nicorandil group in the next 48 hours following the removal of aortic clamping. Conclusions: Pre-operative oral nicorandil expressively decreased myocardial reperfusion damage during open heart valve operations, this evidenced by the decrease in the postoperative use of inotropic drugs, considerable reduction of postoperative elevation of cardiac enzymes and inflammatory cytokines with no reported complications.

Redo Cardiac Surgery: Bleeding Control

Redo cardiac surgery increases?mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine if aprotinin was superior to tranexamic acid concerning control bleeding loss after redo valve surgery. A retrospective study was conducted from January 1994 until December 2014. 221 patients underwent redo cardiac valve surgery and separated into two groups: aprotinin group (n?=?85) and tranexamic acid group (n?=?136). Univariate tests were applied for data analysis. A total of 221 patients were enrolled in this study. This cohort was separated into two groups: aprotinin group (n?=?85) and tranexamic acid group (n?=?136). Euroscore in tranexamic acid group was higher: 5.96 ± 3.04 vs.?5.17 ± 2.83 in aprotinin group?(p?=?0.055). There was no statistical difference in postoperative mortality between the two groups (p?= 0.153). No statistical differences were reported concerning: total blood loss (p?= 0.51), red blood cells transfusion (p?= 0.215), reexploration for bleeding (p?= 0.537) and postoperative renal failure (p?= 0.79). There were statistical differences concerning mechanical ventilation time, which is longer in tranexamic acid group (p?= 0.008) and the use of inotropic drug support, which is more frequent in the tranexamic acid group (p?= 0.001). Our results demonstrated that tranexamic acid and aprotinin reduce transfusion requirement and blood loss. Due to financial reason, we chose tranexamic acid in preventing blood loss in redo valve surgery.

Cardiac Surgery during Pregnancy—Our Experience

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) continues to be endemic in developing countries like India, thus a number of female patient present with valvular heart disease complicating pregnancy. Surgery is lifesaving in patients who are symptomatic on medical management. Objective: To study maternal and fetal outcome in patient’s refractory to medical treatment undergoing cardiac surgery during pregnancy. Methodology: Analysis of 8 pregnant patients who underwent cardiac surgery during 5 years from Jan 2012 to Dec 2016 in a Medical college setup in Central India. Results: Maternal age ranged between 20 - 35 mean of 23.75, NYHA class IV, refractory to medical treatment. The underlying cardiac lesion was rheumatic heart disease 7 (87.5%) cases, 6 (85.7%) had mitral valve lesion. 7 primigravida (87.5%) patients were taken as elective procedure in second trimester (18 - 26 weeks), one multipara patient as emergency after failed Balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV) in third trimester of pregnancy (32 weeks) was the only maternal death. 5 (62.5%) patients progressed to term pregnancy and delivered vaginally. The cardiopulmonary bypass variables studied were Median bypass time 51.25 minutes (range 37 - 78), median cross-clamp time 25.62 minutes (range 16 - 48), Median flow rate 2.4 l/min/m2 (range 2.2 - 2.6) mean perfusion pressure during CPB 65 - 89 (range 55 - 120) and median perfusate temperature 37&deg;C (range 32 - 38). 2 (29%) patients had a long term follow-up and have delivered at term in their next pregnancies at the institute. Conclusion: Cardiac Surgery can be performed during pregnancy in patients’ refractory to medical management. The outcome is better with mother than fetus. Multidisciplinary team approach is the strategy for care.

Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein in robotic cardiac surgery

Background Robotic assisted minimally invasive cardiac sugery is a new technique that uses small port sites and peripheral vessel cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） has been used. The right internal jugular vein （IJV） is commonly used for intraoperative venous access to the central circulation and identified with an external landmark. Previous studies have demonstrated the superiority of ultrasound guidance over external landmark technique in anaesthetic and intensive care settings. The aim of the present study was to delineate the utility of ultrasound-guided cannulation of the IJV during establishment of peripheral CPB in robotic cardiac surgery. Methods We prospectively studied 296 adult patients undergoing ultrasound-guided right IJV cannulation during establishment of peripheral CPB in robotic cardiac surgery at our institute from January 2007 to October 2012 （ultrasound group）. The success rate, the first attempt success rate, access time and the complication rate of ultrasound-guided method were compared with the landmark-guided method used for 302 historical control patients （landmark group）. Results In the ultrasound group, 296 consecutive adult patients underwent ultrasound-guided right IJV cannulation during establishment of peripheral CPB in robotic cardiac surgery. In the landmark group, 302 patients underwent right IJV cannulation using the landmark-guided technique. The success rate and the first attempt success rate in the ultrasound group were significantly higher than that in the landmark group （100% vs. 88.1%, P 〈0.000 and 98.6% vs. 38.4%, P 〈0.000）. Average access time in the ultrasound group was shorter than that in the landmark group （（6.3＋13.6） seconds; interquartile range （4-62） seconds vs. （44.5＋129.5） seconds; interquartile range （5-986） seconds）. The complication rate in the ultrasound group was significantly lower than that in the landmark group （0.3% vs. 8.3%, P 〈0.000）. Conclusion Compared with the landmark-guided approach, ultrasound-guided cannulation of the right IJV significantly improves success rate, decreases access time and reduces complication rate during establishment of peripheral CPB in robotic cardiac surgery.

体外循环心脏外科手术病人气管插管拔除后早期饮水的临床实践研究

目的:评价早期经口饮水在体外循环心脏外科手术后气管插管拔除病人中的安全性及可行性。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取山东省青岛市某三级甲等医院心血管外科重症监护室于2022年3月1日—5月31日行体外循环下心脏外科手术的病人123例作为对照组(常规拔管后4 h经口饮水),选取于2022年6月1日—9月30日行体外循环下心脏外科手术的病人120例作为观察组(实施拔除气管插管后早期经口饮水干预方案)。记录两组病人口渴程度、口腔黏膜湿润程度,呛咳、恶心呕吐、误吸、吸入性肺炎发生率以及病人对护理工作的满意度,同时记录两组的平均饮水时间。结果:观察组病人的口渴程度得分和口唇黏膜湿润度评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组病人饮水呛咳、恶心呕吐、误吸、吸入性肺炎发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组病人对护理工作满意度评分为(93.01±6.17)分,明显高于对照组(90.29±7.32)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组平均饮水时间为(18.75±14.92)min,明显短于对照组(245.06±17.56)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经过安全评估,体外循环心脏手术后气管插管拔除病人立即评估并早期经口饮水有利于缓解术后口渴程度,增加口腔黏膜湿润程度,减轻口咽部不适感,改善病人舒适度,提高病人对护理工作满意度,且未增加相关临床并发症的发生率,临床实践安全可行。

超声引导技术在小切口微创心脏手术建立外周体外循环中的应用价值

目的探讨超声引导技术在小切口微创心脏手术经右颈内静脉穿刺置管及股动静脉解剖置管建立外周体外循环中的应用价值。方法分析2021年8月至2022年12月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的436例进行小切口微创心脏手术患者的临床资料,根据置管过程中是否使用超声引导技术将研究对象分为对照组(给予传统方式置管,102例)和观察组(给予超声引导技术辅助下置管,334例)。比较分析两组患者经右颈内静脉穿刺置管的情况以及相关并发症发生率。比较分析两组患者股动静脉解剖置管的情况以及相关并发症发生率。结果观察组患者经右颈内静脉穿刺置管的穿刺置管成功率高于对照组,置管时间、穿刺困难发生率、误入颈内动脉发生率均短于或低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者股动静脉解剖置管的置管时间、解剖困难发生率、导管位置异常发生率均短于或低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论超声引导技术应用于小切口微创心脏手术经右颈内静脉穿刺置管及股动静脉解剖置管建立外周体外循环中,能提高穿刺置管成功率,缩短置管时间,减少导管位置异常、误入颈内动脉等并发症的发生。

新型冠状病毒感染后择期心脏外科手术时机的选择:单中心回顾性队列研究

目的 评估近期新冠病毒感染后择期体外循环下心脏外科手术的安全性,并探讨手术的最佳时机。方法 采用回顾性队列研究设计,纳入了2023年2月7日至3月9日接受择期体外循环下心脏外科手术的近期有新冠病毒感染成年患者。根据感染至手术的间隔时间,将患者分为术前新冠病毒感染≤8周和> 8周两组,比较临床资料和术后结局。采用多元线性回归和亚组分析确定与患者结局相关的因素。结果 共纳入415例患者,其中79例(19.0%)术前新冠病毒感染≤8周。≤8周组的患者表现出较长的机械通气时间[7(5,11)h vs.6(5,8)h,P=0.02]、术后胸腔引流总量增加[961(680,1405)ml vs.800(533,1 102)ml,P=0.003]、重症监护室住院时间[48(24,72)h vs.24(24,48)h,P=0.012]和住院时间[13(10,15)d vs.11(9,14)d,P=0.041]延长。对于60岁及以上患者的重症监护室住院时间和住院时长的影响更大。结论 大多数患者可以在新冠病毒感染后安全地进行择期体外循环下心脏手术。8周内新冠病毒感染可能与患者延长的ICU时间和住院时间相关联。

体外循环心脏术后谵妄

体外循环术后谵妄是一种心脏体外循环手术后常见且严重的并发症,影响预后。本综述将从体外循环手术后谵妄的分类、病理生理学机制、危险因素、预防等方面进行总结,并从体外循环角度讨论可行的干预预防措施。

急性主动脉夹层合并新型冠状病毒感染患者行急诊心脏外科手术的临床预后分析

目的探讨新型冠状病毒(新冠)感染对急性主动脉夹层患者急诊心脏外科手术围术期的相关影响。方法连续收集北京安贞医院2022年12月11日至2023年1月30日急诊体外循环下行主动脉夹层手术患者,根据围术期是否感染新冠病毒,分为感染组和非感染组,比较两组患者围术期临床资料和术后结局。结果共纳入55例患者,其中感染组17例(31%),非感染组38例(69%)。感染组较非感染组患者术前合并冠心病[5例(29.4%)vs.2例(5.3%),P=0.017]、术后气管切开[2例(11.8%)vs.0(0%),P=0.033]比例更高,差异有统计学意义。感染组术后肺部感染、持续性肾替代治疗(CRRT)、脑卒中比例更高,住院时长、ICU时间和机械通气时间更长,但差异均无统计学意义。结论急性主动脉夹层合并新冠感染患者行体外循环下急诊心脏外科手术预后良好,但感染组术后肺部感染、CRRT、脑卒中等并发症发生率较非感染组有增高的趋势,因此应加强此类患者围术期管理,积极防治肺、肾、脑等并发症,预防继发性感染及急性栓塞事件,改善患者预后。

基于文献计量学分析体外循环目标导向灌注研究热点

目的量化关于心脏手术体外循环目标导向灌注(GDP)相关学术论文的基本信息,探索关于GDP研究领域的研究热点、趋势及最具有影响力的论文,为研究人员及临床工作者提供参考。方法利用科学网(Web of Science)检索GDP相关文献,使用R语言数据包Bibliometrix对文献的发表年代、期刊来源及期刊所属国家、高频关键词的分布情况进行统计分析,并进行聚类分析,得到该GDP研究领域关注热点。结果筛选出GDP相关文献116篇,获得该领域研究热度趋势、来源期刊分布、各国研究热度等数据资料。高频关键词共计15个,通过对高频关键词进行聚类分析,得到3个主要研究热点方向。关于GDP研究领域的热点有氧供指数、氧耗监测、组织灌注监测等。结论GDP研究热点主要为GDP研究内容和技术、对象、临床结局。基于文献计量学的研究方法,本研究提供较为全面的关于GDP研究领域发展的分析总结,未来该领域的氧供与氧耗监测与调控仍可能是热门研究方向。

经皮穴位电刺激对体外循环心脏手术患者术后恢复质量的影响

目的探讨经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)对体外循环心脏手术患者术后恢复质量的影响。方法选择2022年3—12月拟行心脏瓣膜置换术的患者60例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各30例。观察组于麻醉诱导前30 min至术毕及术后3 d行TEAS双侧合谷、内关、神门、中府、云门和大包穴,每天2次,每次30 min;对照组穴位选择同观察组,仅接电针刺激仪但不给予刺激。比较2组患者术前1 d,术后1、2、3 d 40项恢复质量评分量表(QoR-40)评分和失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI)评分;术后机械通气时间、重症监护病房(ICU)停留时间;拔除气管插管后24 h恶心呕吐发生率、患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)有效按压次数、PCIA按压总次数和补救镇痛率。结果观察组术后1、2、3 d时QoR-40量表总评分及情绪状态、身体舒适和疼痛评分较对照组升高,ISI评分较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间及拔除气管插管后24 h恶心呕吐发生率、PCIA有效按压次数、PCIA按压总次数和补救镇痛率较对照组均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论围手术期TEAS双侧内关、神门、合谷、中府、云门和大包穴,可改善心脏直视手术患者术后早期的恢复质量,缩短术后机械通气时间和ICU停留时间,减轻术后疼痛和恶心呕吐。