Predictive Effect of CA125 on Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

Objective: To study the expression of CA125 in the serum of patients with CHF and the relationship between CA125 level and the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events. Methods: The clinical data of 132 patients with CHF admitted to Shizuishan Second People’s Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were collected and divided into heart function II group, heart function III group, heart function IV group according to cardiac function. 44 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The clinical data of CA125, NT-proBNP, echocardiography and other clinical data of the four groups were compared, and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events was followed up for 12 months. Results: Compared with the control group, the CA125 level in the CHF group was significantly increased (P Conclusion: Serum CA125 level is related to the cardiac function level in CHF patients and increases with the deterioration of cardiac function. The increase of the index is related to the mortality rate and re-hospitalization rate, suggesting that CA125 can be used as an indicator to reflect the severity of heart failure and prognosis monitoring.

Prediabetes: An overlooked risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in atrial fibrillation patients

BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a well-established risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE).However,the relationship between prediabetes and MACCE in atrial fibrillation(AF)patients has not been extensively studied.Therefore,this study aimed to establish a link between prediabetes and MACCE in AF patients.AIM To investigate a link between prediabetes and MACCE in AF patients.METHODS We used the National Inpatient Sample(2019)and relevant ICD-10 CM codes to identify hospitalizations with AF and categorized them into groups with and without prediabetes,excluding diabetics.The primary outcome was MACCE(all-cause inpatient mortality,cardiac arrest including ventricular fibrillation,and stroke)in AF-related hospitalizations.RESULTS Of the 2965875 AF-related hospitalizations for MACCE,47505(1.6%)were among patients with prediabetes.The prediabetes cohort was relatively younger(median 75 vs 78 years),and often consisted of males(56.3%vs 51.4%),blacks(9.8%vs 7.9%),Hispanics(7.3%vs 4.3%),and Asians(4.7%vs 1.6%)than the non-prediabetic cohort(P<0.001).The prediabetes group had significantly higher rates of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,smoking,obesity,drug abuse,prior myocardial infarction,peripheral vascular disease,and hyperthyroidism(all P<0.05).The prediabetes cohort was often discharged routinely(51.1%vs 41.1%),but more frequently required home health care(23.6%vs 21.0%)and had higher costs.After adjusting for baseline characteristics or comorbidities,the prediabetes cohort with AF admissions showed a higher rate and significantly higher odds of MACCE compared to the non-prediabetic cohort[18.6%vs 14.7%,odds ratio(OR)1.34,95%confidence interval 1.26-1.42,P<0.001].On subgroup analyses,males had a stronger association(aOR 1.43)compared to females(aOR 1.22),whereas on the race-wise comparison,Hispanics(aOR 1.43)and Asians(aOR 1.36)had a stronger association with MACCE with prediabetes vs whites(aOR 1.33)and blacks(aOR 1.21).CONCLUSION This population-based study found a significant association between prediabetes and MACCE in AF patients.Therefore,there is a need for further research to actively screen and manage prediabetes in AF to prevent MACCE.

Cardiovascular Risk of Opioids: A Real-World Study Based on FAERS

Objective:This research utilizes the FAERS for data mining to identify heart-related side effects caused by opioids,ensuring the safe use of these medications.Methods:Data from 79 quarters(Q12004 to Q32023)involving adverse event(AE)reports for opioids like morphine and oxycodone was reviewed.We applied the MedDRA system to categorize events and used statistical tools,ROR and BCPNN,for signal detection.These findings were cross-checked with drug labels and SIDER 4.1 for accuracy.Identified risks were then categorized by severity using DME and IME classifications.Results:Analysis of adverse events(AEs)for the five examined drugs(35359,14367,144441,10592,and 28848)identified 33,6,12,37,and 34 cardiovascular AEs,and 16,5,7,25,and 21 instances of important medical events(IMEs)respectively.Each drug was linked to cases of cardiac and cardiopulmonary arrest.The cardiovascular AEs varied widely in occurrence and severity,with methadone notably presenting diverse and potent risks,including sudden cardiac death as a distinct medical event(DME).A comparison with SIDER 4.1 showed 11 opioid-related cardiovascular AEs in line with our findings.Standardized MedDRA Queries(SMQs)confirmed these results,indicating stronger signals for methadone and tramadol,while morphine,hydromorphone,and oxycodone exhibited fewer and weaker signals.Conclusion:The study revealed numerous heart-related adverse effects(AEs)not listed on drug labels and identified new AE patterns.Recognizing these differences in AE profiles and risks across different opioids is crucial for safer prescription practices to minimize cardiac complications.

Left atrial area index predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with unstable angina pectoris

Background The left atrial size has been considered as a useful marker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, it is not well known whether left atrial area index （LAAI） has predictive value for prognosis in patients with unstable angina pectoris （UAP）. This study was aimed to assess the association between LAAI and outcomes in UAP patients. Methods We enrolled a total of 391 in-hospital patients diag- nosed as UAP. Clinical and echocardiographic data at baseline were collected. The patients were followed for the development of ad- verse cardiovascular （CV） events, including hospital readmission for angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction （AMI）, congestive heart failure （CHF）, stroke and all-cause mortality. Results During a mean follow-up time of 26.3±8.6 months, 98 adverse CV events occurred （84 hospital readmission for angina pectoris, four AMI, four CHF, one stroke and five all-cause mortality）. In a multivariate Cox model, LAAI [OR： 1.140, 95% CI： 1.01±1.279, P = 0.026], diastolic blood pressure （OR： 0.976, 95% CI： 0.956-0.996, P = 0.020） and pulse pressure （OR 1.020, 95% CI： 1.007-1.034, P = 0.004） were independent predictors for adverse CV events in UAP patients. Conclusions LAAI is a predictor of adverse CV events independent of clinical and other echocardiographic parameters in UAP patients.

Effects of adjuvant Chinese patent medicine therapy on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease angina pectoris:a population-based retrospective cohort study

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of Chinese patent medicine(CPM) in reducing the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) angina pectoris and improving clinical effectiveness and provide evidence for its use as clinical adjuvant therapy.Methods: Twenty-eight thousand five hundred and seventeen patients hospitalized with CHD angina pectoris from 6 hospitals were divided into CPM group(n = 11,374) and non-CPM group(n = 17,143) to evaluate the incidence of MACE, including myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting.Results: The incidence of MACE in the CPM group was lower than that in the non-CPM group. CPM therapy was an independent protective factor that reduced the overall risk of MACE [adjusted hazard ratio = 0.40, 95% confidence interval(0.33;0.49)]. Patients in the CPM group who received one, two, or three types of CPM could benefit from adjuvant treatment with CPM, and taking more types of CPM was associated with a lower risk of MACE. In addition, the male population was better than the female population at taking CPM, and middle-aged people aged 55 to 64 were more suited to take CPM based on Western medicine.Conclusions: The use of CPM as adjuvant therapy can decrease the occurrence of MACE in patients with CHD angina pectoris,especially in men and middle-aged people, and the drug treatment plan should be optimized accordingly. However, this conclusion needs further verification by prospective cohort studies in the future.

Performance of HEART and TIMI scores in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)of chest pain patients in the emergency department:A prospective observational study

Objective:To compare the value of HEART and TIMI scores in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)of patients with chest pain in the emergency department at a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad,a city in western India.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on chest pain patients from January to December 2019.All adult patients with non-traumatic chest pain presenting to the emergency department were included,and their HEART and TIMI scores were evaluated.The patients were followed up within 4 weeks for monitoring any major adverse cardiac events or death.The receiver-operating characteristics(ROC)curve was used to determine the value of HEART and TIMI scores in predicting MACEs.Besides,the specificity,sensitivity,positive predictive value(PPV),and negative predictive value(NPV)of the two scores were assessed and compared.Results:A total of 350 patients were evaluated[mean age(55.03±16.6)years,56.6%of males].HEART score had the highest predictive value of MACEs with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.98,followed by the TIMI score with an AUC of 0.92.HEART score had the highest specificity of 98.0%(95%CI:96.4%-99.6%),the sensitivity of 75.0%(95%CI:70.7%-79.3%),and PPV of 97.0%(95%CI:94.1%-99.9%)and NPV of 82.5%(95%CI:74.6%-90.4%)for low-risk patients.TIMI score had a specificity of 95.0%(95%CI:92.4%-97.6%),sensitivity of 75.0%(95%CI:69.4%-80.6%),PPV of 92.3%(95%CI:88.1%-96.5%)and NPV of 82.3%(95%CI:73.8%-90.8%)for low-risk patients.Conclusions:HEART score is an easier and more practical triage instrument to identify chest pain patients with low-risk for MACEs compared to TIMI score.Patients with high HEART scores have a higher risk of MACEs and require early therapeutic intervention and aggressive management.

Comparison of gliclazide vs linagliptin on hypoglycemia and cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular outcome trials have demonstrated cardiovascular safety of glimepiride(a sulfonylureas) against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin.Gliclazide(another newer sulfonylureas) has shown similar glycemic efficacy and 50% decreased risk of hypoglycemia compared to glimepiride.AIM Considering the absence of cardiovascular outcome trials for gliclazide, we decided to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the cardiovascular(CV) safety by assessing the risk for major adverse CV events and hypoglycemia risk of gliclazide vs linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).METHODS This systematic review followed the current Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to analyze all the clinical studies published from 2008 that compared the two drugs in patients with T2D with no risk of CV disease(CVD). We included only evidence designated high quality by the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine-Levels of Evidence.RESULTS Eight clinical studies were included in the narrative descriptive analysis(gliclazide: 5 and linagliptin: 3). The CV safety of gliclazide in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation trial and of linagliptin in the Cardiovascular and Renal Microvascular Outcome Study With Linagliptin(CARMELINA) and CARdiovascular Outcome study of LINAgliptin vs glimepiride in patients with T2D(CAROLINA)trials were excluded from the comparative analysis as these trials demonstrated CV and hypoglycemia benefits in patients at high risk of CVD. However, since these are landmark trials,they were discussed in brief to show the CV benefits and low hypoglycemia risk of gliclazide and linagliptin. We did not find any study comparing gliclazide with linagliptin. Hence, direct comparison of their major adverse CV events and hypoglycemia risk could not be carried out.However, the literature meeting the inclusion criteria showed that both drugs were effective in achieving the desired glycemic control and had low major adverse CV events and hypoglycemia risk in adult patients with no history of CVD.CONCLUSION Gliclazide can be considered an effective and safe glucose-lowering drug in T2D patients with no established CVD but at high risk of CVD due to their T2D status. Future randomized controlled trials comparing gliclazide with linagliptin or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors can confirm these findings.

Cardiac adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology patients:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are novel therapeutic agents used for various types of cancer.ICIs have revolutionized cancer treatment and improved clinical outcomes among cancer patients.However,immune-related adverse effects of ICI therapy are common.Cardiovascular immune-related adverse events(irAEs)are rare but potentially life-threatening complications.AIM To estimate the incidence of cardiovascular irAEs among patients undergoing ICI therapy for various malignancies.METHODS We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis by searching PubMed,Cochrane CENTRAL,Web of Science,and SCOPUS databases for relevant interventional trials reporting cardiovascular irAEs.We performed a single-arm meta-analysis using OpenMeta[Analyst]software of the following outcomes:Myocarditis,pericardial effusion,heart failure,cardiomyopathy,atrial fibrillation,myocardial infarction,and cardiac arrest.We assessed the heterogeneity using the I2 test and managed to solve it with Cochrane’s leave-one-out method.The risk of bias was performed with the Cochrane’s risk of bias tool.RESULTS A total of 26 studies were included.The incidence of irAEs follows:Myocarditis:0.5%[95%confidence interval(CI):0.1%-0.9%];Pericardial effusion:0.5%(95%CI:0.1%-1.0%);Heart failure:0.3%(95%CI:0.0%-0.5%);Cardiomyopathy:0.3%(95%CI:-0.1%-0.6%);atrial fibrillation:4.6%(95%CI:1.0%-14.1%);Myocardial infarction:0.4%(95%CI:0.0%-0.7%);and Cardiac arrest:0.4%(95%CI:0.1%-0.8%).CONCLUSION The most common cardiovascular irAEs were atrial fibrillation,myocarditis,and pericardial effusion.Although rare,data from post market surveillance will provide estimates of the long-term prevalence and prognosis in patients with ICIassociated cardiovascular complications.

The Use of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in a Chinese Population to Predict Cardiovascular Events

Objective To explore associations between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2)and the risk of cardiovascular events in a Chinese population,with a long-term follow-up.Methods A random sample of 2,031 participants(73.6%males,mean age=60.4 years)was derived from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study(APAC)from 2010 to 2011.Serum Lp-PLA2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The composite endpoint was a combination of first-ever stroke,myocardial infarction(MI)or all-cause death.Lp-PLA2 associations with outcomes were assessed using Cox models.Results The median Lp-PLA2 level was 141.0 ng/m L.Over a median follow-up of 9.1 years,we identified 389 events(19.2%),including 137 stroke incidents,43 MIs,and 244 all-cause deaths.Using multivariate Cox regression,when compared with the lowest Lp-PLA2 quartile,the hazard ratios with95%confidence intervals for developing composite endpoints,stroke,major adverse cardiovascular events,and all-cause death were 1.77(1.24–2.54),1.92(1.03–3.60),1.69(1.003–2.84),and 1.94(1.18–3.18)in the highest quartile,respectively.Composite endpoints in 145(28.6%)patients occurred in the highest quartile where Lp-PLA2(159.0 ng/m L)was much lower than the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists recommended cut-off point,200 ng/m L.Conclusion Higher Lp-PLA2 levels were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular event/death in a middle-aged Chinese population.The Lp-PLA2 cut-off point may be lower in the Chinese population when predicting cardiovascular events.

Postoperative adverse cardiac events in acute myocardial infarction with high thrombus load and best time for stent implantation

BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction is one of the most common types of coronary heart disease.It is mainly caused by the rupture of coronary atherosclerotic plaque,which leads to platelet agglutination and thrombosis.The occlusion of coronary arteries and vessels leads to insufficient myocardial blood supply,subsequently causing cardiac interstitial fibrosis,gradual enlargement of ventricles,and heart failure,which affects the quality of life and safety of patients.AIM To investigate the effects of emergency percutaneous interventional therapy(PCI)and delayed stenting in acute myocardial infarction with high thrombotic load and identify factors related to major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE).METHODS A total of 164 patients with acute myocardial infarction and high thrombotic load who received PCI were included.Of them,92 patients were treated with delayed stent implantation(delayed group)and 72 patients received emergency PCI(immediate group).Myocardial perfusion after stent implantation was compared between the two groups.Patients were followed up for 12 mo,and the occurrence of MACE was used as the endpoint.Univariate and multivariate models were used to analyze the factors affecting MACE occurrence.RESULTS After stent implantation,66(71.74%)patients in the delayed group and 40(55.56%)patients in the immediate group had thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)flow grade 3(P<0.05),while 61(66.30%)patients in the delayed group and 39(54.17%)patients in the immediate group reached TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3(P>0.05).MACE occurred in 29 patients.There were statistically significant differences between the MACE and non-MACE groups in diabetes rate,TIMI grading,stent implantation timing,intraoperative use of tirofiban,and the levels of white blood cells(WBC),neutrophils,red blood cell distribution width(RDW),and uric acid,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)at admission(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that TIMI grade 3 and intraoperative use of tirofiban effectively reduced the risk of MACE(P<0.05),while immediate stent implantation,increased WBC,hs-CRP and RDW on admission increased the risk of MACE(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Delayed stent implantation outweighs emergency PCI in improving postoperative myocardial perfusion in acute myocardial infarction with high thrombotic load,and effectively reduces MACE in these patients.

Predictive value of bilirubin and serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a major complication of diabetes mellitus(DM).Type-2 DM(T2DM)is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality,while serum biomarkers may facilitate the prediction of these outcomes.Early differential diagnosis of T2DM complicated with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)plays an important role in controlling disease progression and improving safety.AIM To investigate the correlation of serum bilirubin andγ-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GGT)with major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)in T2DM patients with ACS.METHODS The clinical data of inpatients from January 2022 to December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to different conditions,they were divided into the T2DM complicated with ACS group(T2DM+ACS,n=96),simple T2DM group(T2DM,n=85),and simple ACS group(ACS,n=90).The clinical data and laboratory indices were compared among the three groups,and the correlations of serum total bilirubin(TBIL)levels and serumγ-GGT levels with other indices were discussed.T2DM+ACS patients received a 90-day follow-up after discharge and were divided into event(n=15)and nonevent(n=81)groups according to the occurrence of MACEs;Univariate and multivariate analyses were further used to screen the independent influencing factors of MACEs in patients.RESULTS The T2DM+ACS group showed higherγ-GGT,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and lower TBIL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the T2DM and ACS groups(P<0.05).Based on univariate analysis,the event and nonevent groups were significantly different in age(t=3.3612,P=0.0011),TBIL level(t=3.0742,P=0.0028),γ-GGT level(t=2.6887,P=0.0085),LDL-C level(t=2.0816,P=0.0401),HbA1c level(t=2.7862,P=0.0065)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LEVF)levels(t=3.2047,P=0.0018).Multivariate logistic regression analysis further identified that TBIL level and LEVF level were protective factor for MACEs,and age andγ-GGT level were risk factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Serum TBIL levels are decreased andγ-GGT levels are increased in T2DM+ACS patients,and the two indices are significantly negatively correlated.TBIL andγ-GGT are independent influencing factors for MACEs in such patients.

Prognostic relevance of ventricular arrhythmias in surgical patients with gastrointestinal tumors

BACKGROUND Individuals diagnosed with gastrointestinal tumors are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.Among which,ventricular arrhythmia is a prevalent clinical concern.This suggests that ventricular arrhythmias may have predictive value in the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal tumors.AIM To explore the prognostic value of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with gastrointestinal tumors receiving surgery.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data from 130 patients undergoing gastrointestinal tumor resection.These patients were evaluated by a 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram(ECG)at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2018 to June 2020.Additionally,41 general healthy age-matched and sexmatched controls were included.Patients were categorized into survival and non-survival groups.The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality,and secondary endpoints included major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs).RESULTS Colorectal tumors comprised 90%of cases.Preoperative ambulatory ECG monitoring revealed that among the 130 patients with gastrointestinal tumors,100(76.92%)exhibited varying degrees of premature ventricular contractions(PVCs).Ten patients(7.69%)manifested non-sustained ventricular tachycardia(NSVT).The patients with gastrointestinal tumors exhibited higher PVCs compared to the healthy controls on both conventional ECG[27(21.3)vs 1(2.5),P=0.012]and 24-h ambulatory ECG[14(1.0,405)vs 1(0,6.5),P<0.001].Non-survivors had a higher PVC count than survivors[150.50(7.25,1690.50)vs 9(0,229.25),P=0.020].During the follow-up period,24 patients died and 11 patients experienced MACEs.Univariate analysis linked PVC>35/24 h to all-cause mortality,and NSVT was associated with MACE.However,neither PVC burden nor NSVT independently predicted outcomes according to multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION Patients with gastrointestinal tumors exhibited elevated PVCs.PVCs>35/24 h and NSVT detected by 24-h ambulatory ECG were prognostically significant but were not found to be independent predictors.

Impact of depression on in-hospital outcomes for adults with type 2 myocardial infarction:A United States population-based analysis

BACKGROUND Type 2 myocardial infarction(T2MI)is an ischemic myocardial injury in the context of oxygen supply/demand mismatch in the absence of a primary coronary event.However,though there is a rising prevalence of depression and its potential association with type 1 myocardial infarction(T1MI),data remains nonexistent to evaluate the asso-ciation with T2MI.AIM To identify the prevalence and risk of T2MI in adults with depression and its impact on the in-hospital outcomes.METHODS We queried the National Inpatient Sample(2019)to identify T2MI hospitalizations using Internal Classification of Diseases-10 codes in hospitalized adults(≥18 years).In addition,we compared sociodemographic and comorbidities in the T2MI cohort with vs without comorbid depression.Finally,we used multivariate regression analysis to study the odds of T2MI hospitalizations with vs without depression and in-hospital outcomes(all-cause mortality,cardiogenic shock,cardiac arrest,and stroke),adjusting for confounders.Statistical significance was RESULTS There were 331145 adult T2MI hospitalizations after excluding T1MI(median age:73 years,52.8%male,69.9%white);41405(12.5%)had depression,the remainder;289740 did not have depression.Multivariate analysis revealed lower odds of T2MI in patients with depression vs without[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=0.88,95%confidence interval(CI):0.86-0.90,P=0.001].There was the equal prevalence of prior MI with any revascularization and a similar prevalence of peripheral vascular disease in the cohorts with depression vs without depression.There is a greater prevalence of stroke in patients with depression(10.1%)vs those without(8.6%).There was a slightly higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia in patients with depression vs without depression(56.5%vs 48.9%),as well as obesity(21.3%vs 17.9%).There was generally equal prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in both cohorts.There was no significant difference in elective and non-elective admissions frequency between cohorts.Patients with depression vs without depression also showed a lower risk of all-cause mortality(aOR=0.75,95%CI:0.67-0.83,P=0.001),cardiogenic shock(aOR=0.65,95%CI:0.56-0.76,P=0.001),cardiac arrest(aOR=0.77,95%CI:0.67-0.89,P=0.001)as well as stroke(aOR=0.79,95%CI:0.70-0.89,P=0.001).CONCLUSION This study revealed a significantly lower risk of T2MI in patients with depression compared to patients without depression by decreasing adverse in-hospital outcomes such as all-cause mortality,cardiogenic shock,cardiac arrest,and stroke in patients with depression.

Association between hemoglobin glycation index and 5-year major adverse cardiovascular events:the REACTION cohort study

Background:The hemoglobin glycation index(HGI)was developed to quantify glucose metabolism and individual differences and proved to be a robust measure of individual glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)bias.Here,we aimed to explore the relationship between different HGIs and the risk of 5-year major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)by performing a large multicenter cohort study in China.Methods:A total of 9791 subjects from the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals:a Longitudinal Study(the REACTION study)were divided into five subgroups(Q1-Q5)with the HGI quantiles(≤5th,>5th and≤33.3th,>33.3th and≤66.7th,>66.7th and≤95th,and>95th percentile).A multivariate logistic regression model constructed by the restricted cubic spline method was used to evaluate the relationship between the HGI and the 5-year MACE risk.Subgroup analysis between the HGI and covariates were explored to detect differences among the five subgroups.Results:The total 5-year MACE rate in the nationwide cohort was 6.87%(673/9791).Restricted cubic spline analysis suggested a U-shaped correlation between the HGI values and MACE risk after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors(x^(2)=29.5,P<0.001).After adjustment for potential confounders,subjects with HGIs≤-0.75 or>0.82 showed odds ratios(ORs)for MACE of 1.471(95%confidence interval[CI],1.027-2.069)and 2.222(95%CI,1.641-3.026)compared to subjects with HGIs of>-0.75 and≤-0.20.In the subgroup with non-coronary heart disease,the risk of MACE was significantly higher in subjects with HGIs≤-0.75(OR,1.540[1.039-2.234];P=0.027)and>0.82(OR,2.022[1.392-2.890];P<0.001)compared to those with HGIs of≤-0.75 or>0.82 after adjustment for potential confounders.Conclusions:We found a U-shaped correlation between the HGI values and the risk of 5-year MACE.Both low and high HGIs were associated with an increased risk of MACE.Therefore,the HGI may predict the 5-year MACE risk.

Association of Remnant-like Particle Cholesterol with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Subjects with Different Levels of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9:A 9.5-year Follow-up Study in a Beijing Community Population

Objective::The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between remnant-like particle cholesterol(RLP-C)and major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)in patients with different levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9(PCSK9).Methods::From September 2007 to January 2009,1,859 subjects in Pingguoyuan communities in Beijing were initially screened.After excluding those with bedridden status,mental illness,severe systemic diseases,and missing data,1,680 subjects were recruited for follow up.All recruited subjects were followed up from February 2013 to September 2013(181 subjects were lost to follow-up)and from June 2017 to September 2018(174 subjects were lost to follow up).Finally,1,325 subjects were included in the study.General demographic characteristics,lifestyle and behaviors,disease history and use of medication was collected.Levels of total cholesterol,triglycerides,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,fast blood glucose,RLP-C,low-density lipoprotein triglycerides and PCSK9 were measured.The levels of RLP-C(low:RLP-C≤157 mg/L;high:RLP-C>157 mg/L)and PCSK9(low:PCSK9≤135.87μg/L;high:PCSK9>135.87μg/L)were represented using quartiles.Subjects were categorized into 4 groups according to their RLP-C and PCSK9 levels:Q4,high levels of RLP-C with high levels of PCSK9;Q3,high levels of RLP-C with low levels of PCSK9;Q2,low levels of RLP-C with high levels of PCSK9;and Q1,low levels of RLP-C with low levels of PCSK9.The association of RLP-C with MACEs in subjects with different PCSK9 levels was evaluated.Results::After a median follow-up of 9.5 years,1,325 subjects were included in the study and a total of 191 MACEs had occurred.The incidence of MACEs was higher in the RLP-C>157 mg/L group than the RLP-C≤157 mg/L group(18.40%vs.10.42%).Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that increased RLP-C levels were associated with an increased risk of MACEs(hazard ratio:1.405;95%confidence interval:1.005-1.964;P<0.005).The incidence of MACEs was higher in the high RLP-C/PCSK9 group vs.the low RLP-C/PCSK9 group(20.68%vs.8.76%).Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that RLP-C was associated with an increased risk of MACEs in subjects with high PCSK9 levels independent of traditional risk factors(hazard ratio:1.791;95%confidence interval:1.168-2.825;P=0.001),but not in those with low PCSK9 levels.Conclusions::RLP-C was identified as a risk factor for MACEs,particularly in subjects with high PCSK9 levels.Lowering PCSK9 levels may reduce residual risk in subjects with elevated plasma RLP-C levels.

Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events in Chinese Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Iodixanol: An Observational Postauthorization Study

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events(MACCEs)and overall safety profile associated with iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:Patients at 30 centers in China registered in the OpenClinic v3.6 database from October 30,2013,to October 7,2015,were included in the study.The primary endpoint was in-hospital MACCEs including target lesion revascularization(TLR),stroke,stent thrombosis,cardiac death,and PCI-related myocardial infarction(MI)within 72 h post-PCI.Secondary endpoints were MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI and other safety events within 30 d post-PCI.Results:A total of 3,042 patients were enrolled.The incidence of MACCEs within 72 h post-PCI was 2.33%(n=71),including cardiac death(0.03%,n=1)and PCI-related MI(2.30%,n=70).The incidence of MACCEs from 72 h to 30 d post-PCI was 0.16%(n=5),including cardiac death(0.10%,n=3),PCI-related MI(0.03%,n=1),and TLR for stent thrombosis(0.03%,n=1).The incidence of composite angiographic or procedural complications was 2.86%(n=87);233(7.86%)patients had results suggesting contrast-induced acute kidney injury.Conclusions:These findings indicate that the use of iodixanol in Chinese patients undergoing PCI is associated with a low incidence of MACCEs,confirming its safety in this population.

The impact of perioperative sufentanil administration on cardiovascular outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Background Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are at an increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events during surgery.This study investigated the impact of perioperative sufentanil administration on reducing these risks.Methods From July 2021 to July 2022,this observational study included 139 NSCLC patients at our institution,split into an experimental group(n=88)receiving sufentanil during surgery and a control group(n=51)who did not.The study focused on evaluating major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs),arrhythmias,elevated troponin I,and B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)levels as primary endpoints.Results The experimental group experienced a lower incidence of arrhythmias at 9.1%compared to 19.6%in the control group(P=0.045),indicating a significant protective effect of sufentanil.No significant differences were found in MACEs rates(8.0%in the experimental group vs.11.8%in the control group,P=0.710),elevated troponin I(12.5%vs.19.6%,P=0.147),or BNP levels(26.1%vs.31.4%,P=0.875).Patients with existing cardiovascular risk factors demonstrated a higher overall incidence of cardiovascular adverse events,underscoring the compounded risk that these factors posed.Conclusions Perioperative administration of sufentanil in NSCLC patients undergoing surgery post-ICI therapy shows a significant reduction in the incidence of arrhythmias,suggesting a protective cardiovascular effect.This finding highlighted the importance of sufentanil in managing the perioperative cardiovascular risk of these patients.[S Chin J Cardiol 2024;25(1):21-28].

Association of fatigue with short-term prognosis in young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease

Background:To investigate the effect of fatigue on the short-term prognosis of young and middle-aged patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:A cross-sectional,observational survey was distributed at a tertiary hospital in Suzhou,China.Patients were assessed for fatigue and their prognosis was assessed at 3 and 6 months after discharge.General Information Questionnaire,Fatigue Scale and Seattle Angina Questionnaire(SAQ)were used for the survey.The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the impact of fatigue on the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events(MACEs)at 3 and 6 months after discharge.Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the effect of fatigue on health-related quality of life(HRQoL)at 3 and 6 months after discharge.Results:199 patients were followed up with in the end.43 patients(21.6%)with MACE three months after discharge had a total SAQ score of(399.76±39.61).The overall SAQ score was(425.14±22.66)and 52 patients(26.1%)experienced MACE six months after discharge.Fatigue was identified as a risk factor for MACE 6 months after discharge by the Cox proportional hazard model(HR=2.939,95%CI:0.177~0.655,P=0.001)and as an independent risk factor for quality of life 3 and 6 months after discharge by multiple linear regression(P<0.001).Conclusions:In individuals who are young or middle-aged and have coronary heart disease,fatigue is a risk factor for the short-term prognosis.It is advised that clinical professionals prioritize patient fatigue assessment and improve management of fatigue symptoms.

Domestic versus imported drug-eluting stents for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND:The application of coronary stents,especially drug-eluting stents(DESs),has made percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) one of important therapeutic methods for CHD. DES has reduced the in-stent restenosis to 5%–9% and signifi cantly improved the long-term prognosis of patients with CHD. The study aimed to investigate the long-term eff icacy and safety of domestic drugeluting stents(DESs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).METHODS:All patients with ACS who had undergone successful percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in the First Aff iliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2009 to December 2010 were included in this study. Patients were excluded from the study if they were implanted with bare metal stents or different stents(domestic and imported DESs) simultaneously. The included patients were divided into two groups according to different stents implanted:domestic DESs and imported DESs.RESULTS:In the 1 683 patients of this study,1 558(92.6%) patients were followed up successfully for an average of(29.1±5.9) months. 130(8.3%) patients had major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs),including cardiac death in 32(2.1%) patients,recurrent myocardial infarction in 16(1%),and revascularization in 94(6%). The rates of cardiac death,recurrent myocardial infarction,revascularization,in-stent restenosis,stent thrombosis and other MACEs were not signif icantly different between the two groups(all P>0.05). Multivarite logistic regression revealed that diabetes mellitus(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.09–2.82,P=0.021),vascular numbers of PCI(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.22–3.83,P=0.09) and PCI with left main lesion(OR=9.47,95%CI:2.96–30.26,P=0.01) were independent prognostic factors of MACEs. The Kaplan-Meier method revealed that there was no significant difference in cumulative survival rates and survival rates free from clinical events between the two groups(all P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The incidences of clinical events and cumulative survival rates are not statistically different between domestic DESs and imported DESs. Domestic DES is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with ACS.

Effects of WeChat platform-based health management on health and self-management effectiveness of patients with severe chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have found that the prevalence of chronic heart failure in China is 0.9%,the number of people affected is more than 4 million,and the 5-year survival rate is even lower than that of malignant tumors.AIM To determine the impact of WeChat platform-based health management on severe chronic heart failure patients’health and self-management efficacy.METHODS A total of 120 patients suffering from chronic heart failure with cardiac function grade III-IV,under the classification of the New York Heart Association,were admitted to our hospital in May 2017.In January 2020,they were divided into two groups:A control group(with routine nursing intervention)and an observation group(with WeChat platform-based health management intervention).Changes in cardiac function,6-min walking distance(6MWD),high-sensitivity cardiac troponin(hs-cTnT),and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)were detected in both groups.The Self-Care Ability Scale(ESCA)score,Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score,and compliance score were used to evaluate self-management ability,quality of life,and compliance of the two groups.During a follow-up period of 12 mo,the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events in both the groups was counted.RESULTS The left ventricular ejection fraction,stroke output,and 6MWD increased,and the hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP decreased in both the groups,as compared to those before the intervention.Further,cardiac function during the 6MWD,hs-cTnT,and NT-proBNP improved significantly in the observation group after intervention(P<0.05).The scores of self-care responsibility,self-concept,self-care skills,and selfcare health knowledge in the observation group were higher than those of the control group before intervention,and their ESCA scores were significantly improved after intervention(P<0.05).The Minnesota heart failure quality of life(LiHFe)scores of physical restriction,disease symptoms,psychological emotion,social relations,and other items were decreased compared to those of the control group before intervention,and the LiHFe scores of the observation group were significantly improved compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).With intervention,the compliance scores of rational diet,regular medication,healthy behavior,and timely reexamination were increased,thereby leading to the compliance scores of the observation group being significantly improved compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).During the 12 mo follow-up,the incidence rates of acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic rehospitalization in the observation group were lower than those of the control group,and the hospitalization time in the observation group was shorter than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION WeChat platform-based health management can improve the self-care ability and compliance of patients with severe chronic heart failure,improve the cardiac function and related indexes,reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular adverse events,and enable the avoidance of rehospitalization.