Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)have diverse biological functions that include maintaining the vascular structure and recruiting progenitors to form the embryonic vascular system.Accumulating evidence suggests that...Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)have diverse biological functions that include maintaining the vascular structure and recruiting progenitors to form the embryonic vascular system.Accumulating evidence suggests that the VSMCs are not just derived from the mesoderm,as previously thought,but have diverse developmental origins.Lineage tracing analysis indicates that VSMCs have at least 7 different origins,thereby giving it the characteristic of a mosaic tissue.The crucial role of the diverse origins of the VSMCs has been recognized in relation to blood vessel function and diseases such as arteriosclerosis.The VSMC distribution in cardiovascular development and whether and how their heterogeneous origins contribute to the overall cardiovascular development continue to be topics of research.Here,we review the current state of research,mainly focusing on the role of VSMCs in cardiovascular development.We emphasize the following biological pathways:(1)normal course of development of VSMCs and their diverse origins in relation to cardiovascular development,(2)signaling regulation of progenitor cell development and differentiation into VSMCs,and(3)abnormal development of vascular smooth muscle and the associated cardiovascular malformations.展开更多
Congenital rubella syndrome is characterized by the triad of deafness, cataract and cardiovascular mafformations. The great majority of the cases in the literature have been usually diagnosed in infancy and childhood ...Congenital rubella syndrome is characterized by the triad of deafness, cataract and cardiovascular mafformations. The great majority of the cases in the literature have been usually diagnosed in infancy and childhood because of various defects at birth. However, we report a rare case of suspected congenital rubella syndrome in an adult with unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis and late-onset cataract.展开更多
文摘Vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs)have diverse biological functions that include maintaining the vascular structure and recruiting progenitors to form the embryonic vascular system.Accumulating evidence suggests that the VSMCs are not just derived from the mesoderm,as previously thought,but have diverse developmental origins.Lineage tracing analysis indicates that VSMCs have at least 7 different origins,thereby giving it the characteristic of a mosaic tissue.The crucial role of the diverse origins of the VSMCs has been recognized in relation to blood vessel function and diseases such as arteriosclerosis.The VSMC distribution in cardiovascular development and whether and how their heterogeneous origins contribute to the overall cardiovascular development continue to be topics of research.Here,we review the current state of research,mainly focusing on the role of VSMCs in cardiovascular development.We emphasize the following biological pathways:(1)normal course of development of VSMCs and their diverse origins in relation to cardiovascular development,(2)signaling regulation of progenitor cell development and differentiation into VSMCs,and(3)abnormal development of vascular smooth muscle and the associated cardiovascular malformations.
文摘Congenital rubella syndrome is characterized by the triad of deafness, cataract and cardiovascular mafformations. The great majority of the cases in the literature have been usually diagnosed in infancy and childhood because of various defects at birth. However, we report a rare case of suspected congenital rubella syndrome in an adult with unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis and late-onset cataract.
