In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), there is severe competition between container ports, particularly those in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, for collecting international maritime container cargo. In addition, the se...In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), there is severe competition between container ports, particularly those in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, for collecting international maritime container cargo. In addition, the second phase of the Nansha terminal in Guangzhou’s port and the first phase of the Da Chang Bay container terminal in Shenzhen opened last year. Under these circumstances, there is an increasing need to quantitatively measure the impact these infrastructure investments have on regional cargo flows. The analysis should include the effects of container terminal construction, berth deepening, and access road construction. The authors have been developing a model for international cargo simulation (MICS) which can simulate the movement of cargo. The volume of origin-destination (OD) container cargo in the East Asian region was used as an input, in order to evaluate the effects of international freight transportation policies. This paper focuses on the PRD area and, by incorporating a more detailed network, evaluates the impact of several infrastructure investment projects on freight movement.展开更多
The crashworthiness of the cargo containment systems （CCSs） of a floating liquid natural gas （FLNG） and the side structures in side-by-side offioading operations scenario are studied in this paper. An FLNG vessel ...The crashworthiness of the cargo containment systems （CCSs） of a floating liquid natural gas （FLNG） and the side structures in side-by-side offioading operations scenario are studied in this paper. An FLNG vessel is exposed to potential threats from collisions with a liquid natural gas carrier （LNGC） during the offioading operations, which has been confirmed by a model test of FLNG-LNGC side-by-side offioading operations. A nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA is used to simulate the collision scenarios during the offioading operations. Finite element models of an FLNG vessel and an LNGC are established for the purpose of this study, including a detailed LNG cargo containment system in the FLNG side model. Based on the parameters obtained from the model test and potential dangerous accidents, typical collision scenarios are defined to conduct a comprehensive study. To evaluate the safety of the FLNG vessel, a limit state is proposed based on the structural responses of the LNG CCS. The different characteristics of the structural responses for the primary structural components, energy dissipation and collision forces are obtained for various scenarios. Deformation of the inner hull is found to have a great effect on the responses of the LNG CCS, with approximately 160 mm deformation corresponding to the limit state. Densely arranged web frames can absorb over 35% of the collision energy and be proved to greatly enhance the crashwo- rthiness of the FLNG side structures.展开更多
Introduction Muon scattering tomography(MST)can be employed to scan cargo containers and vehicles for special nuclear materials by using cosmic muons.However,the flux of cosmic ray muons is relatively low for direct d...Introduction Muon scattering tomography(MST)can be employed to scan cargo containers and vehicles for special nuclear materials by using cosmic muons.However,the flux of cosmic ray muons is relatively low for direct detection.Thus,the detection has to be done in a short timescale with small numbers of muons to satisfy the demands of practical applications.Method In this paper,we propose an artificial neural network(ANN)algorithm for material discrimination using MST.The muon scattering angles were simulated using Geant4 to formulate the training set,and the muon scatter angles were measured by Micromegas detection system to create the test set.Results The ANN-based algorithm presented here ensures a discrimination accuracy of 98.0%between aluminum,copper and tungsten in a 5 min measurement of 4×4×4 cm^(3)blocks.展开更多
Design Unit and Construction Shipyard:Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding(Group)Co.,Ltd.Ship Classification Society:China Classification Society,Lloyd's Register of Shipping,American Bureau of Shipping,etc.1 Overview of ...Design Unit and Construction Shipyard:Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding(Group)Co.,Ltd.Ship Classification Society:China Classification Society,Lloyd's Register of Shipping,American Bureau of Shipping,etc.1 Overview of liquefied natural gas(LNG)ships Compared with other fossil fuels,such as coal and oil,natural gas emits less carbon dioxide and no sulfide and dust;therefore,it is considered cleaner and an important direction for China’s implementation of its energy strategy adjustment.Natural gas accounts for over 20%of primary energy worldwide.展开更多
文摘In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), there is severe competition between container ports, particularly those in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, for collecting international maritime container cargo. In addition, the second phase of the Nansha terminal in Guangzhou’s port and the first phase of the Da Chang Bay container terminal in Shenzhen opened last year. Under these circumstances, there is an increasing need to quantitatively measure the impact these infrastructure investments have on regional cargo flows. The analysis should include the effects of container terminal construction, berth deepening, and access road construction. The authors have been developing a model for international cargo simulation (MICS) which can simulate the movement of cargo. The volume of origin-destination (OD) container cargo in the East Asian region was used as an input, in order to evaluate the effects of international freight transportation policies. This paper focuses on the PRD area and, by incorporating a more detailed network, evaluates the impact of several infrastructure investment projects on freight movement.
基金financially supported by the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University(Grant No.HESS-1404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51239007)
文摘The crashworthiness of the cargo containment systems （CCSs） of a floating liquid natural gas （FLNG） and the side structures in side-by-side offioading operations scenario are studied in this paper. An FLNG vessel is exposed to potential threats from collisions with a liquid natural gas carrier （LNGC） during the offioading operations, which has been confirmed by a model test of FLNG-LNGC side-by-side offioading operations. A nonlinear finite element code LS-DYNA is used to simulate the collision scenarios during the offioading operations. Finite element models of an FLNG vessel and an LNGC are established for the purpose of this study, including a detailed LNG cargo containment system in the FLNG side model. Based on the parameters obtained from the model test and potential dangerous accidents, typical collision scenarios are defined to conduct a comprehensive study. To evaluate the safety of the FLNG vessel, a limit state is proposed based on the structural responses of the LNG CCS. The different characteristics of the structural responses for the primary structural components, energy dissipation and collision forces are obtained for various scenarios. Deformation of the inner hull is found to have a great effect on the responses of the LNG CCS, with approximately 160 mm deformation corresponding to the limit state. Densely arranged web frames can absorb over 35% of the collision energy and be proved to greatly enhance the crashwo- rthiness of the FLNG side structures.
基金supported by the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant Nos.11805168 and 21805251
文摘Introduction Muon scattering tomography(MST)can be employed to scan cargo containers and vehicles for special nuclear materials by using cosmic muons.However,the flux of cosmic ray muons is relatively low for direct detection.Thus,the detection has to be done in a short timescale with small numbers of muons to satisfy the demands of practical applications.Method In this paper,we propose an artificial neural network(ANN)algorithm for material discrimination using MST.The muon scattering angles were simulated using Geant4 to formulate the training set,and the muon scatter angles were measured by Micromegas detection system to create the test set.Results The ANN-based algorithm presented here ensures a discrimination accuracy of 98.0%between aluminum,copper and tungsten in a 5 min measurement of 4×4×4 cm^(3)blocks.
文摘Design Unit and Construction Shipyard:Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding(Group)Co.,Ltd.Ship Classification Society:China Classification Society,Lloyd's Register of Shipping,American Bureau of Shipping,etc.1 Overview of liquefied natural gas(LNG)ships Compared with other fossil fuels,such as coal and oil,natural gas emits less carbon dioxide and no sulfide and dust;therefore,it is considered cleaner and an important direction for China’s implementation of its energy strategy adjustment.Natural gas accounts for over 20%of primary energy worldwide.
