不同电学参数和水流条件下电栅对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的阻拦效果

脉冲直流电导阻鱼技术已被广泛应用于阻止入侵物种扩散、驱赶鱼类远离危险区域并将其引导至有利区域,如鱼道。但是脉冲直流电的有效性受多方面因素的影响,其主导因素目前尚未定论。以鲤为研究对象,在静水条件下采用4因素3水平正交实验方法分析了脉冲电压、脉冲宽度、脉冲频率和电极摆放方式的电栅拦鱼效果及其对鱼类受伤尾数的主次影响,然后选择最优组合开展不同流速下(0,0.3,0.5 m/s)的驱鱼实验,分析流速对拦鱼效果的影响。结果表明:在静水工况下,影响拦鱼电栅效率的主要因素为电极布置方式>脉冲宽度>脉冲频率>脉冲电压,电极布置为方式1(垂直水流间距80 cm)、脉冲电压140 V、脉冲频率10 Hz、脉冲宽度10 ms是拦鱼效果最佳的组合。电学参数对鲤的伤害无显著性,平均受伤尾数不超过实验鱼总数的15%。流水条件下,三种流速工况下拦鱼电栅的阻拦率无显著差异,但是随着流速的增高阻拦率呈现先降低后增加的趋势。该研究将为保护鱼类资源和防止入侵鱼类跨区域传播提供依据。

Unveiling the emerging role of curcumin to alleviate ochratoxin A-induced muscle toxicity in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella):in vitro and in vivo studies

Background Ochratoxin A(OTA),a globally abundant and extremely hazardous pollutant,is a significant source of contamination in aquafeeds and is responsible for severe food pollution.The developmental toxicity of OTA and the potential relieving strategy of natural products remain unclear.This study screened the substance curcumin(Cur),which had the best effect in alleviating OTA inhibition of myoblast proliferation,from 96 natural products and investigated its effect and mechanism in reducing OTA myotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.Methods A total of 720 healthy juvenile grass carp,with an initial average body weight of 11.06±0.05 g,were randomly assigned into 4 groups:the control group(without OTA and Cur),1.2 mg/kg OTA group,400 mg/kg Cur group,and 1.2 mg/kg OTA+400 mg/kg Cur group.Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates(180 fish)for 60 d.Results Firstly,we cultured,purified,and identified myoblasts using the tissue block culture method.Through preliminary screening and re-screening of 96 substances,we examined cell proliferation-related indicators such as cell viability and ultimately found that Cur had the best effect.Secondly,Cur could alleviate OTA-inhibited myoblast differentiation and myofibrillar development-related proteins(Myo G and MYHC)in vivo and in vitro and improve the growth performance of grass carp.Then,Cur could also promote the expression of OTA-inhibited protein synthesis-related proteins(S6K1 and TOR),which was related to the activation of the AKT/TOR signaling pathway.Finally,Cur could downregulate the expression of OTA-enhanced protein degradation-related genes(murf1,foxo3a,and ub),which was related to the inhibition of the Fox O3a signaling pathway.Conclusions In summary,our data demonstrated the effectiveness of Cur in alleviating OTA myotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.This study confirms the rapidity,feasibility,and effectiveness of establishing a natural product screening method targeting myoblasts to alleviate fungal toxin toxicity.

Anti-infective immune functions of type Ⅳ interferon in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella):A novel antibacterial and antiviral interferon in lower vertebrates

Type Ⅳ interferon(IFN-υ)is a recently discovered cytokine crucial for host defense against viral infections.However,the role and mechanisms of IFN-υin bacterial infections remain unexplored.This study investigated the antibacterial and antiviral functions and mechanisms of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)IFN-υ(CiIFN-υ)both in vivo and in vitro.The CiIFN-υgene was first identified and characterized in grass carp.Subsequently,the immune expression of CiIFN-υsignificantly increased following bacterial challenge,indicating its response to bacterial infections.The eukaryotic recombinant expression plasmid of CiIFN-υwas then constructed and transfected into fathead minnow(FHM)cells.Supernatants were collected and incubated with four bacterial strains,followed by plate spreading and colony counting.Results indicated that CiIFN-υexhibited more potent antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria and aggregated gram-negative bacteria but not gram-positive bacteria.In vivo experiments further confirmed the antibacterial function,showing high survival rates,low tissue edema and damage,reduced tissue bacterial load,and elevated proinflammatory response at the early stages of bacterial infection.In addition,the antiviral function of CiIFN-υwas confirmed through in vitro and in vivo experiments,including crystal violet staining,survival rates,tissue viral burden,and reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).This study highlights the antibacterial function and preliminary mechanism of IFN-υ,demonstrating that IFN-υpossesses dual functions against bacterial and viral infections.

Research Progress on Nutritional Requirements of Carp

Carp is a temperate freshwater fish native to Asia,distributed in all regions of the world except Australia and South America.With the improvement of comprehensive and healthy breeding technology of carp,the unit yield has been greatly increased mainly due to the exten-sive use of compound feed.In this study,the nutritional requirements of carp were summarized from the aspects of protein,amino acids,fat,carbohydrate,calcium and phosphorus,vitamins and taurine.This study provides a certain theoretical reference for scientific formula of carp feed.

Mannan oligosaccharides alleviate oxidative injury in the head kidney and spleen in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)via the Nrf2 signaling pathway after Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Background Mannan oligosaccharides(MOS)are recommended as aquaculture additives owing to their excellent antioxidant properties.In the present study,we examined the effects of dietary MOS on the head kidney and spleen of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)with Aeromonas hydrophila infection.Methods A total of 540 grass carp were used for the study.They were administered six gradient dosages of the MOS diet(0,200,400,600,800,and 1,000 mg/kg)for 60 d.Subsequently,we performed a 14-day Aeromonas hydrophila challenge experiment.The antioxidant capacity of the head kidney and spleen were examined using spectrophotometry,DNA fragmentation,qRT-PCR,and Western blotting.Results After infection with Aeromonas hydrophila,400-600 mg/kg MOS supplementation decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species,protein carbonyl,and malonaldehyde and increased the levels of anti-superoxide anion,antihydroxyl radical,and glutathione in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp.The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase,manganese superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione S-transferase,glutathione reductase,and glutathione peroxidase were also enhanced by supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.Furthermore,the expression of most antioxidant enzymes and their corresponding genes increased significantly with supplementation of 200-800 mg/kg MOS.mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 also increased following supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS.In addition,supplementation with 400-600 mg/kg MOS reduced excessive apoptosis by inhibiting the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway processes.Conclusions Based on the quadratic regression analysis of the above biomarkers(reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,and protein carbonyl)of oxidative damage in the head kidney and spleen of on-growing grass carp,the recommended MOS supplementation is 575.21,557.58,531.86,597.35,570.16,and 553.80 mg/kg,respectively.Collectively,MOS supplementation could alleviate oxidative injury in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp infected with Aeromonas hydrophila.

Dietary protein levels changed the hardness of muscle by acting on muscle fiber growth and the metabolism of collagen in sub-adult grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Background:Nutrient regulation has been proven to be an effective way to improve the flesh quality in fish.As a necessary nutrient for fish growth,protein accounts for the highest proportion in the fish diet and is expensive.Although our team found that the effect of protein on the muscle hardness of grass carp was probably related to an increased collagen content,the mechanism for this effect has not been deeply explored.Moreover,few studies have explored the protein requirements of sub-adult grass crap(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Therefore,the effects of different dietary protein levels on the growth performance,nutritional value,muscle hardness,muscle fiber growth,collagen metabolism and related molecule expression in grass carp were investigated.Methods:A total of 450 healthy grass carp(721.16±1.98 g)were selected and assigned randomly to six experimen-tal groups with three replicates each(n=25/replicate),and were fed six diets with 15.91%,19.39%,22.10%,25.59%,28.53%and 31.42%protein for 60 d.Results:Appropriate levels of dietary protein increased the feed intake,percentage weight gain,specific growth rate,body composition,unsaturated fatty acid content in muscle,partial free amino acid content in muscle,and muscle hardness of grass carp.These protein levels also increased the muscle fiber density,the frequency of new muscle fibers,the contents of collagen and IGF-1,and the enzyme activities of prolyl 4-hydroxylases and lysyloxidase,and decreased the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2.At the molecular level,the optimal dietary protein increased col-lagen type Iα1(Colα1),Colα2,PI3K,Akt,S6K1,La ribonucleoprotein domain family member 6a(LARP6a),TGF-β1,Smad2,Smad4,Smad3,tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2,MyoD,Myf5,MyoG and MyHC relative mRNA levels.The levels of the myostatin-1 and myostatin-2 genes were downregulated,and the protein expression levels of p-Smad2,Smad2,Smad4,p-Akt,Akt,LARP6 and Smad3 were increased.Conclusions:The appropriate levels of dietary protein promoted the growth of sub-adult grass carp and improved muscle hardness by promoting the growth of muscle fibers,improving collagen synthesis and depressing collagen degradation.In addition,the dietary protein requirements of sub-adult grass carp were 26.21%and 24.85%according to the quadratic regression analysis of growth performance(SGR)and the muscle hardness(collagen content),respectively.

Implications of vitamin D for flesh quality of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella):antioxidant ability,nutritional value,sensory quality,and myofiber characteristics

Background Muscle represents a unique and complex system with many components and comprises the major edible part of animals.Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for animals and is known to enhance calcium absorption and immune response.In recent years,dietary vitamin D supplementation in livestock has received increased attention due to biological responses including improving shear force in mammalian meat.However,the vitamin D acquisition and myofiber development processes in fish differ from those in mammals,and the effect of vitamin D on fish flesh quality is poorly understood.Here,the influence of dietary vitamin D on fillet quality,antioxidant ability,and myofiber development was examined in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella).Methods A total of 540 healthy grass carp,with an initial average body weight of 257.24±0.63 g,were allotted in 6 experimental groups with 3 replicates each,and respectively fed corresponding diets with 15.2,364.3,782.5,1,167.9,1,573.8,and 1,980.1 IU/kg vitamin D for 70 d.Results Supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D significantly improved nutritional value and sensory quality of fillets,enhancing crude protein,free amino acid,lipid,and collagen contents;maintaining an ideal pH;and reduc-ing lactate content,shear force,and cooking loss relative to respective values in the control(15.2 IU/kg)group.Average myofiber diameter and the frequency of myofibers>50μm in diameter increased under supplementation with 782.5–1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D.Levels of oxidative damage biomarkers decreased,and the expression of antioxi-dant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling molecules was upregulated in the 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D treatment compared to respective values in the control group.Furthermore,vitamin D supplementation activated cell differentiation by enhancing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and myocyte enhancer factors compared to that in the control group.In addition,supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D improved protein deposition associated with protein synthesis molecule(target of rapamycin)signaling and vitamin D receptor paralogs,along with inhibition of protein degradation(forkhead box protein 1)signaling.Conclusions Overall,the results demonstrated that vitamin D strengthened antioxidant ability and myofiber devel-opment,thereby enhancing nutritional value and sensory quality of fish flesh.These findings suggest that dietary vitamin D supplementation is conducive to the production of nutrient-rich,high quality aquaculture products.

Morphological changes of silver and bighead carp in the Yangtze River over the past 50 years

Multivariate analysis was adopted to analyze 30 morphometrical characteristics of 121 one-year-old juvenile silver carp （Hypophthalmichthys molitrix） and bighead carp （Aristichthys nobilis） bred during the 1950s （＂the former population＂） and 2008 （＂the current population＂） and collected from the middle reach of the Yangtze River. The average discriminant accuracies of the former and current silver and bighead carp population were 94.2% and 98.0%, respectively. Discriminant analysis also revealed that significant differences in morphology occurred between the former and current populations of both carp in overall characteristics. One-way analysis of variance indicated that between former and current populations, silver carp showed highly significant differences （P0.01） in twelve of their characteristics and significant differences （P0.05） in eight of their characteristics, while bighead carp showed highly significant differences （P0.01） in eight of their characteristics and significant differences （P0.05） in eight of their characteristics. Six head morphology variables of the current silver and bighead carp were significantly or highly significantly larger than the former populations; fourteen characteristics of silver carp and ten characteristics of bighead carp of the current populations, mainly reflecting truck and tail morphology, were significantly or very significantly smaller than the former populations. Our results indicate that silver and bighead carp have developed a larger head and smaller truck and tail during the last 50 years. Due to such morphological changes, it seems apparent that the heads of these fish species need to be considered in regards to human diets, particularly in relation to economic and nutritious value.

一种求解多车型CARP问题的高效进化算法

对传统遗传算法的染色体编码机制和种群结构进行了改进,并借鉴单亲遗传算法和Memetic Algorithm(MA)算法的优秀思想,设计了一种解决CARP(Capacitated ArcRouting Problem)问题的高效算法HEGA。新算法不但有效解决了使用现有算法无力解决的多车型CARP问题,并且应用于一般的单车型CARP问题在求解效率和求解精度上也比现有MA算法效果更好。结合洒水车路径优化问题,通过一组真实的数据集合对文中算法在该问题上的求解能力做出评测。

Comparative Microsatellite Analysis of Grass Carp Genomes of Two Gynogenetic Groups and the Xiangjiang River Group

The genomes of three groups of grass carp, namely the Xiangjiang River grass carp group （Xiangjiang group）, a one-generation artificially induced meio-gynogenetic grass carp group （meio-gynogenetic-1 group）, and a two-generation artificially induced meio-gynogenetic grass carp group （meio-gynogenetic-2 group）, were comparatively analyzed with microsatellite markers. Genetic polymorphism had been observed in the Xiangjiang group and most of the examined loci had more than two alleles. But the degree of genetic diversity was not very high. Although all the examined genetic loci in the analyzed individuals were in homozygous state, the genotypes of different individuals of the group were not identical in the meio-gynogenetic-1 group. In the meio-gynogenetic-2 group, not only the examined genetic loci of each individual were homozygous but also the genotypes of all the analyzed individuals of the group were the same. These results suggested that the examined meio-gynogenetic-2 group is a homozygous group and homozygous clone could be produced by continuous artificial induction of gynogenesis for two generations. It was found that the polymorphism existed not only at the allele level but also at the locus level; many alleles of the microsatellite loci and some of the microsatellite loci had been lost during the process of artificial gynogenesis. Therefore, both protection of the diversity of natural grass carp resource and selection of homozygous traits with desired economic genotypes are very important aspects for grass carp breeding.

Microsatellite DNA Marker Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Wild Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Populations

Thirty microsatellite loci were used for analyzing six wild populations of common carp （Cyprinus carpio L.）. Observed （Ho） and expected （He） heterozygosity values, polymorphic information content （PIC）, and number of effective alleles （Ae） were all detected. Genetic similarity index and genetic distance were computed based on the allele frequency. The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was checked according to the test of χ^2. Genetic differentiation and hierarchical partition of genetic diversity were evaluated by FST and Nm. A clustering dendrograrn was made based on the results of UPGMA methods using the PHYLIP software package （version 3.63）. There were totally 8,136 fragments ranging from 125 bp to 414 bp in length. Three to thirteen alleles were amplified in 30 loci and 210 alleles in all six populations. The average number of alleles in each locus was seven. The result showed that 1） the level of genetic variability was moderate in the six populations. Polymorphic information contents of the six wild common carp populations were 0.44, 0.52, 0.53, 0.57, 0.63, and 0.64 respectively. Effective alleles were from 1.04 to 4.72, the average numbers in each population were 2.19, 2.60, 2.42, 2.43, 2.45, and 2.33. The average expected heterozygosity values were 0.50, 0.59, 0.56, 0.56, 0.57, and 0.54 respectively; 2） the highest genetic similarity index that came from the populations of BR and ZL was 0.8511 and the lowest index was 0.6688, and it came from the populations of BR and HN. There was a correlation between the clustering result and the geographical distribution.

恩诺沙星对湘云鲫(Triploid crucian carp)组织转氨酶(GPT、GOT)活性的影响

采用胸腔注射法,研究了恩诺沙星对湘云鲫(Triploid crucian carp)组织谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性的影响。结果显示,给药后5 d,各试验组GPT、GOT酶活性均升高,与对照组之间呈显著差异水平(P<0.05);给药后10 d,各浓度组GPT酶活性有所降低,而GOT酶活性则继续升高,鳃的GOT酶活性达到了最大值;给药后15、20 d,各浓度组GPT酶活性继续下降,而肝脏、肾脏GOT酶活性在给药后15 d时达到最大值,之后开始下降;给药后25 d,鳃的GPT酶活性除200 mg/kg组外都恢复至正常水平,而肝脏、肾脏各浓度组的GPT酶活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),肝脏的GOT酶活性恢复到了正常水平,而鳃和肾脏的GOT酶活性略高于对照组水平。

Comparative Analysis on Growth and Morphology in Yangtze River ♀,Zhujiang River ♂ and Their F_1 Hybrids of Juvenile Grass Carp

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the growth and morphological characteristics of juvenile hybrids of grass carp. [Method] Three inbred generations of YR （Yangtze River stock ♀×Yangtze River stock ♂ ）, ZR （Zhujiang River stock ♀ ×Zhujiang River stock♂ ） and hybrids F1 （ Yangtze River stock ♀ × Zhujiang River stock ♂ ） were established, and their growth or morphological data were also measured. [ Result] The orders of body weight, standard length and absolute growth rate were F1 〉 ZR 〉 YR. No significant difference was found in body weight or standard length of 50 day-old generations （ P〉0. 05）, while there was an extremely significantly difference in those of 170 day-old generations （ P 〈0.01 ）. However, the absolute growth rate of F1 was 20.00% and 50.00% higher than that of ZR and YR respectively, and no significant difference was found between F1 and ZR （ P 〉 0.05）, but significant difference between F1 and YR （ P 〈 0.05）. F1 showed a significant hybrid vigor with rate of 20.09%. There was no significant difference among three inbred generations in standard length/total length （ P 〉 0.05）, while significant difference in head length/total length, body height/standard length and body width/standard length （ P 〈 0.05）, which indicated that F1 had the characteristics of shorter head, higher and wider body. [ Conclusion]F1 has advantages in growth performance and morphological characteristics.

黄杞总黄酮对慢性心力衰竭大鼠AT1/CARP信号通路及心肌自噬的影响

目的探讨黄杞总黄酮对慢性心力衰竭(心衰)大鼠血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1)/心肌锚定重复蛋白(CARP)信号通路及心肌自噬的影响。方法SD大鼠随机分成5组:对照组、模型组、缬沙坦组(50 mg/kg)、黄杞总黄酮低、高剂量组(250、500 mg/kg),每组16只。模型组、缬沙坦组、黄杞总黄酮低、高剂量组大鼠建立慢性心衰模型,建模成功后,缬沙坦组、黄杞总黄酮低、高剂量组给予相应药物灌胃,对照组及模型组给予等体积的生理盐水,持续4 w。试验结束后,超声检查测定心功能指标,细胞自噬检测试剂盒检测心肌自噬指数,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察心肌病理结构变化,实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)及Western印迹测定心肌组织AT1、CARP mRNA和蛋白水平。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠左心室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVIDs)、自噬指数、心肌组织AT1、CARP mRNA和蛋白水平明显升高,左心室短轴缩短率(FS)、射血分数(EF)明显降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,缬沙坦组、黄杞总黄酮低剂量组、黄杞总黄酮高剂量组LVIDd、LVIDs、自噬指数、心肌组织AT1、CARP mRNA和蛋白水平明显降低,FS、EF明显升高(P<0.05);且黄杞总黄酮高剂量组LVIDd、LVIDs、自噬指数、心肌组织AT1、CARP mRNA和蛋白水平明显低于黄杞总黄酮低剂量组,FS、EF明显高于黄杞总黄酮低剂量组(P<0.05)。与缬沙坦组比较,黄杞总黄酮低剂量组LVIDd、LVIDs、自噬指数、心肌组织AT1、CARP mRNA和蛋白水平明显升高,FS、EF明显降低(P<0.05)。对照组心肌结构正常;模型组心肌横纹紊乱,心肌细胞明显肿胀,出现空泡情况,肌纤维溶解明显,有明显炎症细胞浸润;缬沙坦组及黄杞总黄酮高剂量组心肌炎症细胞浸润减少,心肌纤维排列整齐;黄杞总黄酮低剂量组心肌仍有明显病理变化。结论黄杞总黄酮对慢性心衰大鼠心功能及心脏病理改变有明显保护作用,能明显降低心肌细胞自噬水平;其机制可能与黄杞总黄酮可抑制心肌AT1、CARP mRNA和蛋白水平,进而抑制AT1/CARP信号通路的激活有关。

Isolation of Microsatellite DNA and Preliminary Genomic Analysis of Mud Carp (Cirrhina molitorella)

In order to determine the applicability of microsatellite primers developed from common carp （ Cyprinuscario ） for genomic analysis in mud carp （ Cirrhina molitorella ）, 24 primer pairs from common carp were designed to amplify microsatellite loci in the mud carp containing CA, GA, AT and GGGA sequences. Thirteen primers （54%） successfully amplified specific products in the mud carp and 11 primers （48%） showed high polymorphism in the mud carp population. The results indicated that the average number of alleles per locus in the mud carp stocks was 5.2. Average heterozygosity （Ho）, unbiased expected heterozygosity （He） and polymorphism information content （PIC） in the wild population were 0.61 ± 0.2, 0.8 ± 0.09 and 0.72 ± 0.1 respectively. Several Hardy-Weinberg departure value were significandy departed from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The study showed that microsatellite primers from a species of Cyprinidae can be used for mud carp genetic analysis without much cost or time input.

Comparative Study on Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Muscle Nutritional Quality between Two Groups of Yellow River Carps

The aim was to protect the Henan Yellow River carp germplasm resources and provide a scientific basis for the meat quality improvement of Yellow River carps. With artificially farmed and wild Henan Yellow River carps as the research objects, comparative study on muscle fiber diameter and density, routine nutritional composition, calcium and phosphorus contents and amino acids composition was conducted between the two groups of carps. The results showed that the moisture content was significantly higher （P 〈0.05）, the crude fat and crude protein contents were significantly lower （P〈0.05）, the essential amino acids and total amino acids contents were lower （P〉0.05）, the phosphorus content was higher （P 〉0.05）, and the calcium content was lower （P〉0.05） in the wild group compared with those in the farming group. The analysis of muscle fiber characteristics showed that there were significant differences in the average muscle fiber diameter （P〈0.05） and muscle fiber density （P〈0.01） between the two groups of Henan Yellow River carps.

老年PMR抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb及抗CarP抗体检测意义

目的 探讨老年风湿性多肌痛(polymyalgia rheumatica,PMR)血抗髓过氧化物酶(anti-myeloperoxidase,抗MPO)抗体、血小板糖蛋白Ⅰb(platelet glycoproteinⅠb,GPⅠb)及抗氨甲酰化蛋白(anti-carbamylated protein,抗CarP)抗体检测的临床意义。方法 选取2019年7月至2022年1月温州市人民医院风湿免疫科收治的65例老年PMR患者(年龄≥60岁)为观察组,65例非老年PMR患者(年龄<60岁)为对照组,两组均予以泼尼松15mg/d连续治疗4周,检测两组患者治疗前后PMR活动度评分(PMR activity score,PMR-AS)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)、抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb和抗CarP抗体的变化;各指标和PMR-AS间的相关性采用Pearson相关分析;绘制受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)分析各指标对疾病活动程度判断的准确性。结果 治疗后两组患者的PMR-AS、CRP、ESR、抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb和抗CarP抗体水平及病例异常率均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),且观察组患者下降更显著(P<0.05);老年PMR患者的CRP、ESR、抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb和抗CarP抗体水平与PMR-AS均呈正相关(r=0.580、0.808、0.755、0.739、0.811,P均<0.001);CRP、ESR、抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb和抗CarP抗体对疾病活动度准确性判断的ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.753、0.811、0.830、0.856、0.887,诊断敏感度分别为62.50%、75.25%、65.50%、75.00%和79.50%,诊断特异性分别为75.25%、80.05%、82.55%、87.50%和90.05%。结论 血抗MPO抗体、GPⅠb和抗CarP抗体水平与老年PMR患者病情活动度呈正相关,泼尼松治疗后各指标水平值下降明显,有望成为老年PMR患者疾病活动情况和治疗效果的监测指标。

Study on the Toxicity Effect of Abamectin and Chlorpyrifos on Grass Carp(Ctenopharyngodon idllus)

[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the toxicity effect of abamectin and ehlorpyrifos on grass carp （ Ctenopharyngdon idllus ） and their interrela- tions. [ Method] Taking healthy and active grass carp as the object, the acute toxicity test of single pesticide and the combined toxicity test of two pesticides on grass carp were carried out. [ Result] The LC50 of abamectin and chlorpyrifes and the mixture of two pesticides against grass carp at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were as follows： abamectin： 0.54, 0.49, 0. 17 and 0.10 rag/L; chlorpyrifes ： 0.29, 0.21, 0.12 and 0.05 rag/L; the mixture of two pesticides ： 1.22, 1.08, 0.99 and 0. 86 mg/L. The safe concentration （SC） of ahamectin, chlorpyrifos and the mixture of two pesticides were 0.010, 0.005 and 0.086 rag/L, respectively. The tox- icity of the pesticides in sequence was ablorpyrifos 〉 ahamectin 〉 the mixture of two pesticides. [ Conclusion ] Different concentrations of abamectin, chlorpyrifos and the mixture of two pesticides had remarkable effect on the growth of grass carp, the higher the concentration was, the greater the toxicity effect was. Ahamectin at low toxicity intensity had certain relief function on the toxicity of ehlorpyrifos.

Rates and patterns of microsatellite mutations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

During genotyping 150 microsatellites in a F1 family of common carp, six mutations were found at five microsatellite loci. The overall mutation rate of common carp microsatellites was 2.53×10-4 per locus per generation. At five loci, mutations increased the length of alleles by at least one repeat unit, suggesting mutations at microsatellite loci in common carp do not follow strict stepwise mutation model. The data on mutation rates and patterns can facilitate population genetics studies, and provide useful parameters for estimating a long-term effective population size of common carp.

The Therapeutic Effect of Onion on the Pathogenic Bacteria of Gill Rot Disease in Grass Carp

[Objective] The curative effect of onion on bacterial rotted gill disease in grass carp was researched [Method] The combination method of taking medicine through oral and spraying was used to cure sick grass carp for 1 period of treatment in room under artificial conditions. [Result] Different concentrations of onion generated different cure rates. When the combination was adding 1.0% - 2.0% medicine into feed and spraying 2.0 g,/m3 - 5.0 g,/m3, the curative result was the best with cure rate was 70% -90% [ Conclusion] The onion was effective on curing bacterial rotted gill disease in grass carp and could be taken as curative medicine.