2D Nb_(2)CT_(x) MXene/MoS_(2) heterostructure construction for nonlinear optical absorption modulation

Two-dimensional(2D)nonlinear optical mediums with high and tunable light modulation capability can significantly stimulate the development of ultrathin,compact,and integrated optoelectronics devices and photonic elements.2D carbides and nitrides of transition metals(MXenes)are a new class of 2D materials with excellent intrinsic and strong light-matter interaction characteristics.However,the current understanding of their photo-physical properties and strategies for improving optical performance is insufficient.To address this issue,we rationally designed and in situ synthesized a 2D Nb_(2)C/MoS_(2) heterostructure that outperforms pristine Nb2C in both linear and nonlinear optical performance.Excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical results demonstrated that the Nb_(2)C/MoS_(2) inherited the preponderance of Nb_(2)C and MoS_(2) in absorption at different wavelengths,resulting in the broadband enhanced optical absorption characteristics.In addition to linear optical modulation,we also achieved stronger near infrared nonlinear optical modulation,with a nonlinear absorption coefficient of Nb_(2)C/MoS_(2) being more than two times that of the pristine Nb_(2)C.These results were supported by the band alinement model which was determined by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)experiment and first-principal theory calculation.The presented facile synthesis approach and robust light modulation strategy pave the way for broadband optoelectronic devices and optical modulators.

Research of the Unity Theory Between Three-level Space Vector and Carrier-based PWM Modulation Strategy

两电平空间矢量脉宽调制（space vector pulse widthmodulation,SVPWM）与正弦脉宽调制（sinusoidal pulse widthmodulation,SPWM）存有一定的本质关系,对于三电平,在常见的8段式SVPWM序列中可以证明,SVPWM与SPWM本质上也存在某种统一。实际的SVPWM调制中,由于要考虑中点电压平衡、减少谐波等其它性能问题,一般会利用开关冗余状态得到8段以上的开关调制序列。目前的文献中还未曾有对这些情况进行统一性地验证,因此三电平SVPWM与SPWM的统一理论存在一定的不足。研究发现,可通过严格地理论推导将传统意义上的调制波分解为2个子调制波,再进行SPWM调制,可以得到与SVPWM完全吻合的序列。该文在此方法基础上深入研究了8段以上（10、12、14段）的SVPWM调制序列与SPWM的统一。经过严格地理论推导,成功实现了含任意段数的SVPWM序列与SPWM的统一。仿真结果证明了该理论的正确性。

ICI elimination of M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system

To solve the inter carrier interference （ICI） elimination problem of an M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system, this paper analyzes the principle of the ICI caused by the Doppler frequency shift and its mathematical expression based on the M-band wavelet multi-carrier modulation system model. Through the analysis of the mathematical expression and combining with the perfect reconstruction conditions of the filter banks, we propose the design conditions of an M-band filter to reduce and eliminate the ICI. The impulse response model of the filter design conditions and an iterative algorithm is also established. The simulation results show that the proposed ICI reduction and elimination methods can effectively improve the system performance.

Effect of Hot Carrier on Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation of Gaussian High Power Helicon Wave in Homogeneous Longitudinally Magnetized Strain Dependent Dielectric Material

In the present communication, the hydrodynamic model is used to investigate the amplitude modulation as well as demodulation of an electromagnetic wave of high power helicon pump wave into another helicon wave in strain dependent dielectric material incorporating carrier heating (CH) effects. The consideration of CH in modulation and demodulation is prime importance for the adding of new dimension in analysis of amplification of acoustic helicon wave. By using the dispersion relation, threshold pump electric filed and growth rate of unstable mode from the modulation and demodulation of the high power helicon wave well above from the threshold value will be discussed in the present analysis. The numerical analysis is applied to a strain dependent dielectric material, BaTiO3 at room temperature and irradiated with high power helicon wave of frequency 1.78 × 1014 Hz. This material is very sensitive to the pump intensities, therefore during studies, Gaussian shape of the helicon pump wave is considered during the propagation in stain dependent dielectric material and opto-acoustic wave in the form of Gaussian profile (ω0,κ0) is induced longitudinally along the crystallographic plane of BaTiO3. Its variation is caused by the available magnetic field (ωc), interaction length (z) and pulsed duration of interaction (τ). From the analysis of numerical results, the incorporation of CH effect can effectively modify the magnitude of modulation or demodulation of the amplitude of high power helicon laser wave through diffusion process. Not only the amplitude modulation and demodulation of the wave, the diffusion of the CH effectively modifies the growth rate of unstable mode of frequency in BaTiO3. The propagation of the threshold electric field shows the sinusoidal or complete Gaussian profile, whereas this profile is found to be completely lost in growth of unstable mode. It has also been seen that the growth rate is observed to be of the order of 108 - 1010 s-1 but from diffusion of carrier heating, and that its order is enhanced from 1010 - 1012 s-1 with the variation of the magnetized frequency from 1 to 2.5 × 1014 Hz.

Research on Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Circuit Based on Frequency and Phase-Shift Synthesis Modulation Strategy

The full-bridge converters usually use transformer leakage inductance and parallel resonant capacitors to achieve smooth current commutation and soft switching functions,which can easily cause problems such as energy leakage and significant duty cycle loss.This paper designs a novel full-bridge zero-current(FB-ZCS)converter with series resonant capacitors and proposes a frequency and phase-shift synthesis modulation(FPSSM)control strategy based on this topology.Compared with the traditional parallel resonant capacitor circuit,the passive components used are significantly reduced,the structure is simple,and there is only a slight energy loss.By controlling the charging time of the capacitor,it can be achieved without additional switches or auxiliary circuits.The automatic control of capacitor energy based on input current addresses the low efficiency of the traditional control strategies.This paper introduces its principle in detail and verifies it through simulation.Finally,an experimental prototype was built further to demonstrate the feasibility of the theory through experiments.The module can be applied to a photovoltaic DC collection system using input parallel output series(IPOS)cascade to provide a new topology for large-scale,long-distance DC transmission.

Spectrally Efficient Multi-Carrier Modulation Using Gabor Transform

Non Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (NOFDM) systems make use of a transmission signal set which is not restricted to orthonormal bases unlike previous OFDM systems. The usage of non-orthogonal bases generally results in a trade-off between Bit Error Rate (BER) and receiver complexity. This paper studies the use of Gabor based on designing a Spectrally Efficient Multi-Carrier Modulation Scheme. Using Gabor Transform with a specific Gaussian envelope;we derive the expected BER-SNR performance. The spectral usage of such a NOFDM system when affected by a channel that imparts Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) is estimated. We compare the obtained results with an OFDM system and observe that with comparable BER performance, this system gives a better spectral usage. The effect of window length on spectral usage is also analyzed.

A Pulse Width Modulation Scheme With Zero-sequence Voltage Injection for Single Phase Three-level NPC Rectifiers

直流侧中点电位电压偏移是多电平中性点钳位型变流器的主要缺点。以单相三电平NPC整流器为研究对象，以实现直流侧中点电位无漂移为控制目标，以传统的单相三电平单极性载波脉宽调制方法为基础，首先提出一种基于零序电压分量注入的载波脉宽调制算法；然后在此基础上给出基于零序电压分量极限值注入的载波脉宽调制算法；并给出这2种方法的零序电压分量的设计方案；最后，对这2种方法进行了详细的理论分析、计算机仿真和1kW样机实验对比验证。研究结果表明：所提出的2种算法都能有效实现直流侧中点电位平衡控制，其中基于零序电压分量极限值注入的载波调制算法的中点电位控制具有更快动态响应速度，且其网侧电流的高次谐波主要分布在开关频率附近；而基于零序电压分量注入的载波调制算法的网侧电流高次谐波主要分布在2倍开关频率附近。但是在一个调制信号周期内，基于零序电压分量极限值注入的载波调制算法的开关切换次数比基于零序电压分量注入的载波调制算法低25％左右。

Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Cu_(3)SbSe_(4)-based materials by synergistic modulation of carrier concentration and phonon scattering

Cu_(3)SbSe_(4),a copper-based sulfide free of rare earth elements,has received extensive attention in ther-moelectric materials.However,its low carrier concentration restricts its widespread application.In this study,a microwave-assisted solution synthesis method was used to produce samples of Cu_(3)SbSe_(4),which enabled the formation of CuSe in situ and increased the yield.Through the use of first-principles cal-culations,structural analysis,and performance evaluation,it was found that CuSe can enhance the carrier concentration and that induced nano-defects have a positive effect on reducing the lattice thermal conductivity.Moreover,doping with Sn decreases the band gap of the system and moves the Fermi level into the valence band,increasing the carrier concentration to 1.15×10^(-20)cm^(-3).Finally,the zT value of the Cu_(3)Sb_(0.98)Sn_(0.02)Se_(4)sample was achieved at 1.05 at 623 K when the theoretical yield of a single synthesis was 10 mmol.

Realizable Hardware-Based Method for Digital Modulation Classification

A new method suited for hardware implementation is developed to classify 8 different digital modulation types with raised cosine base-band impulse without knowing the carrier frequency and symbol timing. The normalized histogram of stagnation points for instantaneous parameters is used to recognize both ideal rectangular and raised cosine base-band digital signals. Carrier frequency estimation is used to enhance the recognition rate of phase-modulated signals. In the condition of 10 dB signal noise ratio （SNR）, the recognizing rate is over 80% . The new algorithm is suited for hardware implementation.

Study of the EAST Fast Control Power Supply Based on Carrier Phase-Shift PWM

EAST （experimental advanced superconducting tokamak） fast control power supply is a high-capacity single-phase AC/DC/AC inverter power supply, which traces the displacement signal of plasma, and excites coils in a vacuum vessel to produce a magnetic field that realizes plasma stabilization. To meet the requirements of a large current and fast response, the multi- ple structure of the carrier phase-shift three-level inverter is presented, which realizes parallelled multi-inverters, raises the equivalent switching frequency of the inverters and improves the per- formance of output waves. In this work the design scheme is analyzed, and the output harmonic characteristic of parallel inverters is studied. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the scheme and control strategy is valid. The power supply system can supply a large current, and has a perfect performance on harmonic features as well as the ability of a fast response.

Monolithic optical gates based on integration of evanescently-coupled uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes and electroabsorption modulators

We report on chip-scale optical gates based on the integration of evanescent waveguide unitraveling-carrier photo- diodes （EC-UTC-PDs） and intra-step quantum well electroabsorption modulators （IQW-EAMs） on n-InP substrates. These devices exhibit simultaneously 2.1 GHz and -16.2 dB RF-gain at 21 GHz with a 450 t2 thin-film resistor and a bypass capacitor integrated on a chip.

Spectral Calculation of the Output Voltage of an Inverter with Bipolar Pulse Width Modulation

Converters with pulse width modulation are used for connections between the direct current （DC） and alternating current （AC） networks, e.g., in uninterrupted power supply systems, AC electromotor drives, for powering induction furnaces, in audio technique. Spectrum of signals sampled by pulse amplitude modulation and output voltage spectrum of the converter with pulse width modulation have similar properties. Spectrum of signals sampled by pulse amplitude modulation contains a harmonic of frequency equal to the frequency of the modulating signal and the harmonics of frequencies equal to the sum of frequency of the modulating signal and multiples of the sampling frequency. The output voltage spectrum of the converter with bipolar pulse width modulation contains harmonic of frequency equal to the frequency of the modulating signal and harmonics of frequencies equal to sum of the frequency of the modulating signal and multiples of the frequency of the carrier signal. It also contains harmonics of frequencies equal to the sum of the multiples of the frequency of the modulating signal and the multiples of the carrier signal. The comparison analysis was carried out for the harmonics of the output voltage of the converter with bipolar pulse width modulation in time domain. The dependency of the amplitudes and frequency spectrum on the wave forms of the carrier signal and modulating signal was shown. Similarity of the output voltage spectrum of the converter and signal spectrum sampled by the pulse width modulation was also shown. Key words： Output voltage converter with bipolar pulse width modulation, spectral analysis, Fourier series, carrier signal, reference signal.

单相级联型多电平变换器直流纹波电压分析及抑制策略

级联H桥型多电平变换器采用移相变压器+整流供电时具有功率因数高、输出电压谐波含量低等优点,在大功率工业领域范围内得到了广泛应用。传统的调制算法都以假设直流母线电压恒定为前提,然而在直流侧会出现低频纹波并被调制和传输到负载,导致输出电压波形畸变。目的为了探讨级联H桥单元供电侧存在大量直流纹波电压导致输出负载电压波形畸变的问题,方法本文首先采用双重傅里叶理论分析直流纹波电压,在此基础上引入一种直流纹波前馈补偿策略,通过测量每个级联H桥的直流侧实际输入电压除以电压基准值并与传统载波信号相乘,进而与调制电压进行载波移相调制;同时采用矢量控制,通过FFT变换虚拟出无功电压,以获得更快的收敛速度、更高的稳定性和更小的振荡。结果仿真和实验结果表明,所提调制算法和控制策略可有效抑制负载电压中的低次谐波,减小输出电压波形畸变,实现逆变电源的快速动态响应和无稳态误差控制。结论实验结果验证了本文所采用的调制策略和控制策略的可行性与合理性。

基于可微分架构搜索的多载波信号自动调制识别

针对城市多径信道下缺乏多载波信号通用数据集,以及传统信号特征与网络模型难以有效识别低信噪比下失真信号调制类型的问题,提出一种基于可微分架构搜索的多载波信号自动调制识别算法。首先,产生了常见OFDM、FBMC与OTFS多载波信号经过典型城市多径信道的接收信号数据集,选取对调制参数不敏感的信号时频图作为特征向量来训练神经网络;其次,采用可微分架构搜索方法自动搜索最佳网络结构,避免了网络结构设计的反复验证工作;最后,在特征学习过程中引入联合注意力机制,将失真信号特征进行空间转换以降低多径干扰影响,同时计算特征图各通道信息权重并排序,以提升相关特征图通道的分类效果。仿真结果表明,所提算法不仅能提升在城市多径信道环境下尤其是低信噪比时的识别正确率,而且对调制参数变化和小样本场景具有更好的鲁棒性。

串联补偿无线电能传输变换器载波通信研究

无线电能传输(WPT)负载电压、电流等状态信息需送到原边进行闭环控制和监控处理,副边到原边的通信至关重要。首先介绍了电容调制的WPT系统拓扑和工作原理,电容调制与否使得系统拓扑发生变化,未调制时原、副边拓扑为串/串(S/S)结构;调制时原、副边拓扑为串/串并(S/SP)结构。调制电容的投切形成两种状态来传递通信信息,且该状态变化可以反映到原边电流上。其次采用幅移键控(ASK)解调电路对原边电流处理即可还原通信信号,为提高解调精度和抗干扰能力,对ASK解调电路进行改进。最后通过仿真和实验验证了方案的有效性,实验结果表明,该系统在100 W的运行功率、2~5 kHz的通信频率下,可以精准完成副边到原边的通信。

飞跨电容型多电平整流器载波重构调制策略

针对飞跨电容型多电平整流器存在众多冗余开关状态的特性及飞跨电容的电压平衡控制需求,提出一种通用的载波重构调制策略。该策略通过构造多段锯齿形载波来增加调制自由度,在保持与载波同相层叠调制策略相同的线电压谐波性能的同时,还具备载波移相调制策略的飞跨电容电压自平衡特性。仿真与实验结果验证了所提调制策略的有效性。

一种两倍升压五电平开关电容逆变器

开关电容型逆变器具有使用单直流电源输入、电容电压自均衡、输出谐波含量低以及高电压增益的优势。本文提出一种新型五电平逆变器拓扑,该拓扑由1个直流电源、2个浮动电容、1个电感以及4对互补开关管构成;采用多载波层叠调制策略实现开关电容与输入电源的分时串并联运行;实现了2倍电压增益、五电平输出以及电容电压自均衡;通过增加电感抑制了开关电容充电时存在的脉冲电流,降低了开关管的电流应力。此外,逆变电路中没有单独二极管器件,使得该电路具有能量双向流动的能力,扩展了电路的应用范围。本文详细分析了电路的构成及工作过程,仿真及实验结果验证了所提出的逆变器具有可行性。

基于多载波阵的定域调制技术

基于多载波阵,可以进行定位调制,实现信息的定向和定距传输,误码率仅在指定位置处出现零陷,从而提高物理层通信的安全性.但当指定位置与接收位置存在失配时,信号接收性能会明显下降。在定位调制技术的基础上,提出一种对位置误差不甚敏感的定域调制技术,其信息传输误码率的零陷宽度可在一定范围内进行调整,从而可在通信安全性和鲁棒性之间进行适当的折衷.将一维伍德沃德-劳森综合法推广为二维,以实现角度-距离二维平顶方向图的综合,将发射信号能量聚焦在预先设定的角度和距离区域内;构造伍德沃德-劳森综合法中所选角度和距离所对应的多载波阵流形矢量;在上述多载波阵流形矢量所张成空间的正交补空间中随机选择一个矢量,进行非信号能量聚焦区域的加密.仿真结果表明,所提定域调制方法可保证在整个预先设定的角度和距离区域内都具有较好的信号接收性能.

基于部分能量耦合线圈的无线能量与信号同步传输方法研究

针对无线电能传输系统中能量发送端与接收端进行全双工通信的需求,提出一种基于部分能量耦合线圈的无线能量与信号同步传输方法。利用能量耦合线圈的内侧和外侧部分线圈分别作为信号正反向传输耦合机构,并在信号接收回路中采用LC并联支路抑制同侧信号载波的串扰。通过构建系统模型,分析能量传输与信号传输的增益以及系统传输干扰,得到系统参数对传输特性影响规律。为提高信号传输增益以及减小信号正反向传输之间的串扰,优化了耦合机构线圈布置方案。最后,搭建了传输功率为20 W的无线能量与信号全双工同步传输平台,实验结果表明,在电能传输不受影响的同时,实现了正向传输速率200 kbps、反向传输速率400 kbps的信号全双工同步传输,验证了所提方法的可靠性和有效性。