A NovelMethod for Determining Tourism Carrying Capacity in a Decision-Making Context Using q−Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Hypersoft Environment

Tourism is a popular activity that allows individuals to escape their daily routines and explore new destinations for various reasons,including leisure,pleasure,or business.A recent study has proposed a unique mathematical concept called a q−Rung orthopair fuzzy hypersoft set(q−ROFHS)to enhance the formal representation of human thought processes and evaluate tourism carrying capacity.This approach can capture the imprecision and ambiguity often present in human perception.With the advanced mathematical tools in this field,the study has also incorporated the Einstein aggregation operator and score function into the q−ROFHS values to supportmultiattribute decision-making algorithms.By implementing this technique,effective plans can be developed for social and economic development while avoiding detrimental effects such as overcrowding or environmental damage caused by tourism.A case study of selected tourism carrying capacity will demonstrate the proposed methodology.

Carrying Capacity and Coupling Coordination of Water and Land Resources Systems in Arid and Semi-arid Areas: A Case Study of Yulin City, China

Quantitatively assessing the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems in arid and semi-arid areas is crucial for achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.In this work,taking Yulin City in China as a case study and employing the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)method,a modified model of coupling degree was developed to evaluate the car-rying capacity of water and land resources systems endowment and utilization,as well as their coupling coordination degree from 2013 to 2020.Our findings indicate that the water and land resources of Yulin are diminishing due to declines in agriculture,higher industrial water use,and wetland shrinkage.However,reallocating domestic water for ecological sustainability and reducing sloping farmland can mitigate this trend of decline.Temporally,as the coupling coordination between water and land resources system endowment in Yulin continuously improved,the coupling coordination between water and land resources system utilization first decreased and then in-creased with 2016 as the turning point.Spatially,the carrying capacity of water and land resources systems,the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system endowment,and the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources system utilization in Yulin exhibited the same pattern of being higher in the six northern counties than in the six southern counties.Improving the water resources endowment is vital for the highly efficient use of water and land resources.

The Quest for Haven in Sister Carrie

This essay analyses Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie through the lens of cultural studies,examining the portrayal of domesticity and the quest for an ideal home in late-nineteenth-century America.It explores the complex relationships between the main characters,Carrie and Hurstwood,and their families,as well as their struggles with materialism and alienation.Through close analysis of societal context,the characters’familial backgrounds and emotional yearnings,the essay delves into the characters’longing for stability and belonging and their journey toward understanding the true essence of dwelling amidst the changing urban landscape.It argues that Dreiser’s novel critiques the superficial pursuit of material comforts and highlights the importance of introspection and self-discovery in finding lasting happiness amidst societal turmoil.Ultimately,through the prism of domesticity,the essay delves into broader themes of identity,belonging,and existential fulfillment in a heartless society marked by materialism and alienation.

Analysis of Pollutant Load Carrying Capacity of the River Tapi Using QUAL2Kw for Surat City

River Tapi is the prime water body for Surat city, Gujarat, India. On a long stretch of 22.39 km in Surat city (Kamrej to Causeway) of the Tapi river, there are many identified and non-identified discharge points available. Excessive discharge from these points restricts the efficiency of the self-purification process which ultimately degrades the river water quality. In this paper, an attempt has been made to estimate the pollutant load-carrying capacity at different segments of the river Tapi using the QUAL2Kw tool. The study has been undertaken with different scenarios: First, the QUAL2Kw model was trained with available river water quality and hydraulic data of the Tapi river in which the complete river segment was divided into 21 reaches. The model was calibrated and validated with the actual concentrations of the pollutants entering. In the second phase, all the point source, non-point source, and headwater characteristics were considered and the pollutant load-carrying capacity of the river in terms of BOD, ISS, and N-nitrate was found. In the third phase, all the sources of pollutants entering the river have been removed and only headwater characteristics were considered for the study. The results indicate that reach no. 21 (21.23ºN, 72.82ºE) has the maximum load-carrying capacity of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) up to 2057.7 kg/day, Inorganic Suspended Solids (ISS) up to 85633.8 kg/day, and Nitrate (NO3) up to 31688.8 kg/day. However, reach no. 4 has the minimum load carrying capacity of BOD up to 1088.1 kg/day, reach 8 carries a minimum of ISS 205341.6 kg/day and NO3 10215.57 kg/day.

Analysis of the Concept of Environmental Carrying Capacity

From the concept of carrying capacity proposed in the early 20th century to as an important tool for describing development constraints in the 21st century,many scholars have conducted extensive and detailed research on carrying capacity at different levels,but the carrying capacity system has not yet formed a unified theoretical and methodological system.By summarizing and analyzing the existing literature,based on the viewpoints of Mr.Gao Jixi and Mr.Zeng Weihua,the relationship between different mainstream carrying capacities is analyzed,and finally a system for summarizing the elements of different carrying capacities is provided,which to some extent serves as a reference for scholars who have just come into contact with the concept of carrying capacity.It is thought that:①the research on ecological carrying capacity covers the scope of cities,and the research at the urban level complements the neglected and insufficient areas of ecological research.②The main difference among ecological carrying capacity,urban comprehensive carrying capacity and resource environment carrying capacity lies in the different research scopes.In the mainstream view,environmental carrying capacity and resource carrying capacity are summarized under the framework of different research scopes.Water environment carrying capacity,land resource carrying capacity and other single factor carrying capacity are special in-depth studies of environment and resource carrying capacity.③Ecological carrying capacity at the ecological level includes environmental carrying capacity and resource carrying capacity.At the urban level,urban ecology is equivalent to urban environment to a certain extent,and resources can be classified into urban environmental carrying capacity as an environmental element.

Integrated water risk early warning framework of the semi-arid transitional zone based on the water environmental carrying capacity (WECC)

Water risk early warning systems based on the water environmental carrying capacity(WECC)are powerful and effective tools to guarantee the sustainability of rivers.Existing work on the early warning of WECC has mainly concerned the comprehensive evaluation of the status quo and lacked a quantitative prejudgement and warning of future overload.In addition,existing quantitative methods for short-term early warning have rarely focused on the integrated change trends of the early warning indicators.Given the periodicity of the socioeconomic system,however,the water environmental system also follows a trend of cyclical fluctuations.Thus,it is meaningful to monitor and use this periodicity for the early warning of the WECC.In this study,we first adopted and improved the prosperity index method to develop an integrated water risk early warning framework.We also constructed a forecast model to qualitatively and quantitatively prejudge and warn about the development trends of the water environmental system.We selected the North Canal Basin(an essential connection among the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region)in China as a case study and predicted the WECC in 25 water environmental management units of the basin in 2018–2023.We found that the analysis of the prosperity index was helpful in predicting the WECC,to some extent.The result demonstrated that the early warning system provided reliable prediction(root mean square error of 0.0651 and mean absolute error of 0.1418),and the calculation results of the comprehensive early warning index(CEWI)conformed to the actual situation and related research in the river basin.From 2008 to 2023,the WECC of most water environmental management units in the basin had improved but with some spatial differences:the CEWI was generally poor in areas with many human disturbances,while it was relatively good in the upstream regions with higher forest and grass covers as well as in the downstream areas with larger water volume.Finally,through a sensitivity analysis of the indicators,we proposed specific management measures for the sustainability of the water environmental system in the North Canal Basin.Overall,the integrated water risk early warning framework could provide an appropriate method for the water environmental administration department to predict the WECC of the basin in the future.This framework could also assist in implementing corresponding management measures in advance,especially for the performance evaluation and the arrangement of key short-term tasks in the River Chief System in China.

Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Gansu Section of Yellow River Basin Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model

As a basic natural resource and strategic economic resource,the development and utilization of water resources is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood.How to scientifically evaluate the water resources carrying capacity is the premise to improve the regional water resources carrying capacity and ensure the regional water security.The Gansu section of the Yellow River basin is an important water conservation and recharge area.Whether the water resources in this area can ensure the normal operation of the ecosystem and whether it can carry the sustainable development of social economy is the key to realize the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.In this study,from the three dimensions of water consumption per capita,water consumption of 10000 yuan GDP and ecological water use rate,by constructing the evaluation index system and index grading standard of water resources carrying capacity,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the water resources carrying capacity of Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin,in order to provide theoretical decision-making basis for the comprehensive development,utilization and planning management of water resources in Gansu section of the Yellow River basin and even the whole basin,and help the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.

Exploring the Goal Synergy between the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Miyun District and the Development of the Ecological Home-stay Industry in Beijing

Green construction in culture and environmental protection will be the development trend in a long run,the urban and suburban area will be ecologically developed as well.Rural revitalization must adhere to the position of historical progress theory and modern concepts,innovate spatial layout,optimize ecological resources,and appropriately determine its historical significance and sustainable development responsibility with reasonable value orientation and environmental ecological carrying capacity for local ecological construction.In order to achieve this responsibility,the authors must expand the dimensions to consider more relevant factors.The guarantee of ecological carrying capacity is an important means to ensure the promotion of ecological civilization.This paper aims to integrate and regulate the goal synergy of the cultural development of the home-stay industry in Miyun District of Beijing by means of the innovative model of sustainable economic development of cultural ecology,ecological people,ecological health preservation and rich home-stay ecological elements.Assuming that the role of the former in promoting the latter can be expanded,then in the range of ecological and cultural towns(conceptual model)that maintain a certain tolerance of ecological carrying capacity,as a characteristic home-stay industry in Miyun,there will be some effective growth,so the integration and development of multiple cultural genes and elements must be the ecological and cultural town model under the enhanced multi-factor aggregation effect,(See the ecological environment carrying capacity development goal A:A=B12345+C1234567 later).This article will explain that the development goals of Miyun's ecological culture and the ecological homestay industry are coordinated,and the two are mutually raised in the same direction.

新疆煤炭资源开发潜力与开发策略

鉴于新疆煤炭资源赋存条件的独特性以及煤炭赋存区生态环境的脆弱性,科学开发新疆煤炭资源成为当务之急。为此,简要论述了新疆煤炭资源地质赋存条件、赋煤区水文地质条件、自然地理与生态环境条件,分析了新疆煤炭资源开发潜力。结果表明:新疆煤炭资源极为丰富,全区预测煤炭资源量2.19万亿t,占全国总预测储量的40%以上;新疆共有24个预测资源量超过100亿t的煤田,其中5个煤田预测资源量超过1 000亿t,8个煤田预测资源量在400亿~1 000亿t,11个煤田预测资源量在100亿~400亿t;潜在煤炭资源量中,1 000 m以下浅储量占比52.8%。新疆煤炭资源以低阶烟煤和中阶烟煤为主要煤阶,其次是中煤阶煤中的高阶烟煤,而低煤阶煤中的褐煤和中煤阶煤中的超高阶烟煤以及高煤阶煤中的无烟煤,分布范围和数量极为有限,所占资源总量的比例很低;综合考虑疆煤外运、疆电外送、西气东输以及本地煤化工产业规划,预计2035年新疆煤炭产能有望超8亿t。在此基础上,构建了生态环境承载力评价指标体系,对新疆规划建设的五大煤矿区生态环境承载力进行了评价,得出:新疆煤炭资源赋存区生态环境承载力整体处于中低水平,五大煤矿区生态环境承载力均值排序为伊犁(0.42)>库拜(0.38)>和丰(0.31)>准东(0.25)>吐哈(0.22),呈现出由西到东递减的趋势。针对新疆煤炭资源开发条件与潜力,提出了优化煤炭资源开发布局、推动开采技术升级、推进智能采矿技术、强化绿色开采理念、拓展煤炭多元化利用渠道等策略。

Demand Analysis and Solution Exploration on 5G Carrying Railway Operational Services

Given the overwhelmed GSM-R network in China,the railway sector has turned to the public network to promote railway communication technologies.With 5G identified as the next-generation mobile communication network for railways,China has proposed a holistic approach for the building of intelligent railway via 5G public network.Based on the characteristics of 5G and the classic services of railway,the paper proposes a categorized carrying scheme for railway in mobile communication network,as well as a graded scheme based on 5G-R.The paper then advises to accelerate the development of 5G-R equipment and adopt diverse mobile communication networks to carry railway business,which are of reference to future studies on the issue.

黑土地保护视角下黑龙江省畜禽养殖环境效应分析

为合理利用畜禽粪污资源,保护黑龙江省黑土地资源,优化农畜业生产布局,实现农牧业绿色发展,本研究基于2011—2020年统计数据及文献资料,测算了黑龙江省畜禽粪污排放情况,并据此分析黑龙江省畜禽粪污资源化利用潜力及畜禽养殖环境承载力。结果表明:从时间动态来看,2011—2020年,黑龙江省畜禽粪尿、粪尿养分、COD排放量均有小幅下降,降幅分别为3.68%、3.24%和5.82%;畜禽粪污的化肥替代潜力虽整体略有下降,但10年来均保持在35%以上,2020年化肥替代潜力已达到41.89%,具有较高的有机肥替代化肥潜力;黑龙江省畜禽粪污的能源潜力略有增长,但对煤炭的替代潜力呈下降趋势且替代作用并不显著,2020年畜禽粪污的沼气潜力为46.74亿m^(3),折合为标准煤仅占标准煤消费量的2.90%,能源潜力有待进一步开发利用;黑龙江省畜禽粪尿、粪尿氮、粪尿磷的耕地负荷均未超载,无养殖环境风险,畜禽养殖环境容量的空间剩余呈上升趋势,剩余约2/3,以氮为基准计算,余量为13006.13万头猪当量,以磷为基准计算,余量为8463.19万头猪当量,具有较大养殖潜力。从空间分布来看,黑龙江省各地区畜禽粪污排放及资源化利用潜力存在明显差异,哈尔滨市、齐齐哈尔市、绥化市、大庆市以及佳木斯市等畜禽养殖集聚区的畜禽粪尿资源丰富,畜禽粪污的替代化肥潜力、能源潜力及畜禽养殖发展潜力较大。

嵌套加强的LQ550高强冷弯薄壁C型钢连续檩条受力性能研究

为提高LQ550级高强冷弯薄壁C型钢连续檩条的承载能力,采用在支座处嵌套的方法来加强连续檩条。对未加强和采用两种嵌套方式加强的檩条共7组试件进行三点受弯试验,得到了试件的承载性能和破坏形态,试验结果表明加强后的试件出现跨中局部屈曲和嵌套端部局部屈曲两种破坏形态。采用ABAQUS软件建立了非线性有限元模型对嵌套加强的檩条进行数值模拟,有限元分析得到的承载力和破坏形态与试验结果吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的准确性。基于验证的有限元模型,分析了两种嵌套方式和不同嵌套长度对檩条承载力的提升,且表明嵌套檩条的长度宜取为连续檩条跨度的1/5~1/4。

基于系统动力学模型的郑州市水资源承载力动态模拟

水资源问题制约着缺水城市的可持续发展,近年来郑州市社会经济高速发展,其水资源有限的现状与用水需求快速增长之间的矛盾愈加凸显。为科学研究郑州市水资源承载力远期发展情况,根据郑州市经济社会现状的水资源供需和发展状况,采用多系统综合的系统动力学方法(System Dynamics,SD),结合水资源、生态、经济社会、水利工程四个子系统,构建郑州市水资源承载力研究的SD模型。将2010-2019年的历史数据与SD方法的模拟数据进行比较,平均误差均小于10%,具有较高的可信度,可用来预测郑州市未来的水资源承载力发展情况。在此基础上,通过设定现状延续、控污节流、开源控污和开源节流4种不同方案,对2020-2030年水资源承载力系数进行动态模拟预测。结果表明:2030年4种方案下的水资源承载力系数分别为1.24、1.18、1.00、0.89,现状延续和控污节流方案下的郑州市水资源承载力随着时间的推移呈现严重超载状态,无法承载郑州市经济社会的快速发展;开源控污方案在预测期内的水资源承载力超载状态会对经济社会发展产生较大阻力。故开源节流方案为最佳方案,水资源承载力系数小于1,在研究期内未出现超载状态,可有利缓解郑州市的缺水状况,促进经济社会的发展。结合4种方案的优点,提出有利于郑州市水资源可持续发展的建议与对策。

汶川震区山洪灾害场次洪水最大携沙量预测模型

汶川地震后,震区产生了大量松散堆积体,受强降水影响产生了破坏性更强的山洪灾害,加剧了灾害的危险性,增加了灾害防治的困难度,研究震区山洪灾害可为评估灾害的风险性及后续的管理提供依据。本研究以66处历史山洪灾害作为样本数据,进行可量算影响因子的相关性分析,揭示山洪灾害的携沙量影响机制,确定流域面积、主沟长度、相对高差、物源量四个影响因子作为主控因子,基于SPSS进行非线性回归分析,建立了基于场次洪水最大携沙量及最大携沙距离的估算模型,并选取了汶川县和都江堰市的共23处山洪水沙灾害数据进行了模型的验证且与其他模型对比。结果表明,本研究建立的模型可靠性好,精度更高。研究成果有助于预测汶川震区潜在的山洪水沙灾害区域,为山洪水沙灾害的风险评估提供依据。

基于PLUS模型的2030年滹沱河流域山区段生态承载力时空格局多情景预测

为探讨滹沱河流域山区段当前及未来不同发展情景下生态承载力的时空变化,应用植被净初级生产力改进的生态足迹模型测算分析了流域2015—2020年生态承载力的时空格局变化,并借助经过精度验证的PLUS模型对2030年区域自然发展、经济发展及生态保护三种发展情景下的生态承载力时空格局进行预测。结果表明:2015—2030年滹沱河流域山区段单位面积生态承载力整体格局变化不大,但内部空间分异明显,整体呈东南及西北区域单位面积生态承载力高,而东北、西南部区域单位面积生态承载力低的特点。2015—2020年区域生态承载力总量由1.0780×10^(6)bhm^(2)增加到1.0796×10^(6)bhm^(2),呈上升趋势;2030年自然发展和经济发展情景下区域生态承载力总量分别为1.0783×10^(6)、1.0782×10^(6)bhm^(2),与2020年相比呈下降趋势,草地向耕地的转移、林地向建设用地的转移是生态承载力下降的主要原因;2030年生态保护情景下生态承载力总量为1.0802×10^(6)bhm^(2),与2020年相比呈上升趋势,耕地向林地、草地转移是区域生态承载力增加的主要原因。各类用地的生态承载力总量由高到低依次为草地>耕地>林地>建设用地>水域,生态保护情景有益于林地、草地生态承载力总量的增加,经济发展情景有益于耕地和建设用地生态承载力总量的增加,水域生态承载力总量在各种发展情景下变化较小。生态保护情景更有利于未来生态承载力的增加,符合区域未来发展方向。严格控制草地向耕地的转变以及林地向建设用地的转变,继续实施退耕还林、还草生态工程,加强区域废弃矿山生态复垦的力度,将会提高区域未来生态承载力,实现区域生态安全及经济、社会、生态的可持续发展。

太阳成像仪镜筒舱内压力控制技术研究

文章阐述了太阳成像仪镜筒舱内压力控制技术研究,主要包括限流小孔机械尺寸理论分析、慢速泄压阀设计、镜筒压力控制模拟测试等内容。目前,所研制的慢速泄压阀已顺利交付使用,并随46.5 nm极紫外太阳成像仪在中科院空间新技术试验卫星上进行了搭载,实现了在轨顺利开机,验证了太阳成像仪镜筒舱内压力控制手段的正确性。

基于FPGA的单光子时间数字转换器设计

针对单光子计数器对高速飞行光子时间测量的高分辨率要求,传统的TDC在时间测量上存在误差较大的不足。本文设计了一种利用FPGA内部逻辑延迟单元Carry4级联构建延迟链的TDC。该方法首先使用子链平均的方式进行数据采样,避免数据“气泡”。其次,结合码密度测试和bin-by-bin校准将各级延迟单元宽度校准至接近均匀宽度,提高系统的测量精度。最后,通过Vivado软件仿真并烧录至ZYNQ7000进行板级测试,实验结果表明,该TDC能够在3 ns的动态时间范围内实现时间分辨率10.91 ps,差分非线性(DNL)范围为[-0.75,1.01]LSB,积分非线性(INL)范围为[-1.74,2.19]LSB。

天然气井多相流强化携液理论及排液采气关键技术

天然气田稳产是保障我国能源安全的重大需求,气井积液是制约稳产的瓶颈,排液采气是保障稳产的关键。我国60%气井因积液年均产气量递减23%以上,且积液井数以年均5%的速率快速递增。由于对气井多相流动特性认识不足,传统排液采气技术仅适用于积液轻微的浅直井且排液率较低。研究团队近年来聚焦天然气井排液采气难题,构建了基于气液流动结构调控的强化携液理论,突破了经典临界流速携液理论仅适用于环雾状流的局限;发明了抗油耐矿化度泡沫排液、复杂井筒速度管柱排液、超声速喷嘴雾化排液、气举柱塞接力举升排液等适用气井不同积液状态的高效低成本排液采气系列关键技术。研究成果已推广至长庆气田、中外合作开发区等11个气区,累计应用近12000口气井,占我国积液气井总数的30%以上。

水资源刚性约束制度研究框架与展望

实行水资源刚性约束制度是当前水资源管理制度领域的重大改革措施,也是推动相关国家战略实施、实现人水和谐共生的必然举措。梳理了水资源刚性约束制度的提出背景与历程,分析了水资源刚性约束制度的概念内涵,从指导思想、理论基础、技术支撑、战略目标、研究内容和关键问题等6个方面构建了水资源刚性约束制度研究框架,从理论研究、技术研究、实践研究等3个方面对未来研究进行了展望,以期为水资源刚性约束制度相关研究提供理论和实践参考。

碳减排和水生态承载双重约束下的江苏化工产业结构优化研究

长江经济带作为重大国家战略发展区域,其生态修护和资源合理高效利用关系国家发展全局。江苏化工产业为污染密集型和资源消耗型产业,妥善处理产业发展和资源环境保护的矛盾,对推动长江大保护以及实现协同减排目标具有重要意义。以江苏省化工产业为研究对象,2017年为基准年,构建碳减排和水生态承载双重约束下化工产业结构多目标优化模型,运用NSGA-Ⅱ-VIKOR算法,探讨不同情景下江苏化工产业结构调整的路径。结果表明:1)相比低碳发展型、节水发展型和经济发展型情景,均衡发展型情景下江苏化工产业节约用水998.48万m^(3),碳排放强度年下降率为4.27%,产值年增长率达到4.73%,在实现水资源高效利用、碳排放强度显著降低的同时,兼顾经济高质量发展。2)化工产业结构仍需调整,具体为支持发展橡胶和塑料制品业,限制发展石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业,重点针对化学纤维制造业采取节水降碳措施。3)优化结果的实现需要能源消费结构向清洁能源方向优化调整,煤炭消费比重下降5.54%,天然气及电力等清洁能源上涨5.45%。4)水资源配置转移方向基本和产业结构调整方向一致,通过水资源分配优化可使石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业和化学纤维制造业分别节约9.8%和5.14%的用水量,并通过水交易市场转移配置到橡胶和塑料制品业。据此,建议提升区域生态承载能力,实现区域高质量发展;构建清洁高效能源消费体系,提升能源利用率;建设节水型产业发展体系,实现产业与水生态全面协调、可持续发展。