Zataria multiflora and its constituent,carvacrol,counteract sepsis-induced aortic and cardiac toxicity in rat:Involvement of nitric oxide and oxidative stress

Background:Zataria multiflora and carvacrol showed various pharmacological prop-erties including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects.However,up to now no studies have explored its potential benefits in ameliorating sepsis-induced aortic and cardiac injury.Thus,this study aimed to investigate the effects of Z.multiflora and carvacrol on nitric oxide(NO)and oxidative stress indicators in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced aortic and cardiac injury.Methods:Adult male Wistar rats were assigned to:Control,lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(1 mg/kg,intraperitoneal(i.p.)),and Z.multiflora hydro-ethanolic extract(ZME,50–200 mg/kg,oral)-and carvacrol(25–100 mg/kg,oral)-treated groups.LPS was in-jected daily for 14 days.Treatment with ZME and carvacrol started 3 days before LPS administration and treatment continued during LPS administration.At the end of the study,the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),NO,thiols,and antioxidant enzymes were evaluated.Results:Our findings showed a significant reduction in the levels of superoxide dis-mutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and thiols in the LPS group,which were restored by ZME and carvacrol.Furthermore,ZME and carvacrol decreased MDA and NO in car-diac and aortic tissues of LPS-injected rats.Conclusions:The results suggest protective effects of ZME and carvacrol on LPS-induced cardiovascular injury via improved redox hemostasis and attenuated NO pro-duction.However,additional studies are needed to elucidate the effects of ZME and its constituents on inflammatory responses mediated by LPS.

In vitro antibacterial activity of thymol and carvacrol and their effects on broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens

Background： In the post-antibiotic era, essential oils （EO） are promising alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial activities of an EO product and its components thymol and carvacrol in vitro, and the efficacy of EO to control Clostridium perffingens challenge in broiler chickens. Results： The in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration assay showed strong antibacterial activity of the EO product, thymol, and carvacrol against pathogenic Escherichia col~, C. perffingens, and Salmonella strains, and weak activity towards beneficial Lactobacillus strains. Besides, an additive effect was observed between thymol and carvacrol. The in vivo study was carried out with 448 male broiler chicks following a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement to test the effects of EO supplementation （0, 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg EO in wheat-based diet）, pathogen challenge （with or without oral gavage of C. perfr/ngens from day 14 to day 20） and their interactions. Each treatment consisted of eight replicate pens （seven birds/pen）. The challenge led to macroscopic gut lesions, and resulted in a significant increase in ileal populations of C. perffingens and Eschefichia subgroup （P ≤ 0.05） on day 21. Dietary EO supplementation did not influence C. perfringens numbers, but linearly alleviated intestinal lesions on day 21 and 28 （P= 0.010 and 0.036, respectively）, and decreased Eschefichia populations in ileum with increased EO dosages （P = 0.027 and 0.071 for day 21 and 28, respectively）. For caecum, EO quadratically influenced Lactobacillus populations on day 21 （P = 0.002）, and linearly decreased the numbers of total bacteria and Eschefichio on day 28 （P = 0.026 and 0.060, respectively）. Mean thymol and carvacrol concentrations in the small intestine were 0.21 and 0.20 μg/g in intestinal digesta （wet weight）, respectively, for birds fed 60 mg/kg EO, and 0.80 and 0.71 μg/g, respectively, for birds fed 240 mg/kg EO. Conclusions： These results indicated that dietary EO supplementation could affect intestinal microbiota and alleviate intestinal lesions in broilers, which may contribute in controlling C. perffingens infection in broiler chickens.

Effects of different amino acid levels and a carvacrol-thymol blend on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs

Background:Over the past years,antibiotic growth promoter had been restricted in animal husbandry production in many countries because of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne antibiotic residues.However,the problems of poor intestinal health and low growth efficiency of piglets have not been solved completely in an antibiotic-free diet,and it is urgent to explore alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters.Methods:Here,a total of 532 weaned pigs were assigned to one of 4 treatments,the low amino acid(AA)level diet(d 1 to d 14 is 1.35%,d 15 to d 42 is 1.25%)(Low AA),the low AA level diet supplementation with a carvacrol-thymol blend(50 mg carvacrol and 50 mg thymol/kg of diet)(CB)(Low AA+CB),the high AA level diet(d 1 to d 14 is 1.50%,d 15 to d 42 is 1.40%)(High AA),and the high AA level diet supplementation with a CB(High AA+CB),respectively.Then we measured growth performance and intestinal health indicators of weaned pigs.Results:Results showed that high AA level significantly reduced plasma urea nitrogen,plasma Interleukin-6(IL-6)and fecal lipocalin-2 contents(P<0.05),significantly increased the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus,and had a trend to increase the fecal secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)and mucin 2(MUC 2)contents(P<0.05)in piglets,thereby alleviating the diarrhea of piglets and reducing the feed conversion ratio(FCR)of piglets during d 1~14 after weaning.Dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes T-SOD and GSH-px(P<0.05),while significantly reduced plasma malondialdehyde(MDA),plasma interleukin-1β(IL-1β),plasma endotoxin and D-lactic acid contents(P<0.05).Meanwhile,CB significantly decreased fecal lipocalin-2 contents and the abundance of fecal Escherichia coli(P<0.05).Thus,we hypothesis that dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the average daily gain(ADG)of piglets(P<0.05)during d 1~14 after weaning through promoting intestinal health.Conclusion:These results suggest that high AA level and dietary supplementation with CB improved the growth performance of weaned pigs in an antibiotic-free diet by improving AA metabolism and intestinal antioxidant capacity.

Carvacrol suppresses the expression of inflammatory marker genes in D-galactosamine-hepatotoxic rats

Objective:To unravel the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of carvacrol in D-galactosamine(D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxic rats.Methods:The mRNA and protein expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α).interleukin-6[IL-6).inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),cyelooxy genase-2(COX-2) and nuclear faclor kappa-B(NF-κB) were assayed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR) and western blot analysis.Results:We found that the mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-α. IL-6,iNOS,COX-2 and NF-κB were significanlly up-regulated in D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxic rats and treatment with carvacrol significantly down-regulated the expressions of these genes showing the mechanism behind the anti-inflammatory activity of carvacrol. Conclusions:All above results reveal that the carvacrol well known anti-inflammatory activities in D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxic rats.

Carvacrol抑制ADAM9在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达

目的:探讨carvacrol对口腔鳞状细胞癌中ADAM9表达的影响。方法:蛋白印记法分析carvacrol处理的口腔鳞状细胞癌中的去整合素金属蛋白酶9(ADAM9)蛋白表达。另外,提取40μmol/L carvacrol处理24小时的UM-SCC-23细胞系和Tca8113细胞系中总RNA进行反转录,利用实时定量PCR(real-time PCR)扩增检测ADAM9基因表达。结果:Carvacrol明显降低UM-SCC-23细胞系和Tca8113细胞系ADAM9的蛋白和基因表达。结论:研究揭示了carvacrol的重要机制,可能为口腔鳞状细胞癌治疗提供新的理论依据。

New Sulfonamides Derived from Carvacrol: Compounds with High Antibacterial Activity against Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Nine new sulfonamides derived from carvacrol were prepared through a reaction between 4-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-5-methyl benzene sulfonyl chloride with various amines in excellent yields (76% - 92%). The sulfonamides were characterized using spectrometric and spectroscopic methods. Among these compounds, three derivatives showed excellent results in antibacterial activity against resistant S. aureus strains, with MIC values ranging from 3.9 to 62.50 ppm. The sulfonamide derivative of 4-methylaniline (SULF-1) had the best performance for all tested strains of bacteria (MIC = 3.9 to 15.62 ppm). Furthermore, the sulfonamide derivative of 4-fluoro aniline (SULF-3), which also presented promising results, was found to have a synergistic effect when combined with tetracycline and partial synergistic effect when combined with ampicillin, exhibiting an FIC index between 0.50 and 0.75. The sulfonamide derivative of 4-methylaniline had a synergistic effect in combination with erythromycin exhibiting an FIC index of 0.37. Carvacrol in association with the antibiotics tested did not have a synergistic effect.

Hepato-and reno-protective effects of thymoquinone,crocin,and carvacrol:A comprehensive review

Medicinal plants are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals which prevent and treat a wide range of ailments.Accumulating experimental studies exhibit that some bioactive ingredients extracted from medicinal plants have suitable therapeutic effects on hepatic and renal injuries.This review focuses on the hepato-and reno-protective effects of thymoquinone,crocin,and carvacrol.The relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases from the beginning of 2015 until the end of November 2021.According to the scientific evidence,the considered phytochemicals in this review have been applied with useful therapeutic effects on hepatic and renal damage.These therapeutic effects were mainly mediated through the amelioration of oxidative stress,suppression of inflammatory responses,and inhibition of apoptosis.Intracellular signaling pathways linked to nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB),adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,c-jun N-terminal kinase,and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Toll-like receptors are the most important pathways targeted by these phytochemicals.Up-regulation of transcription factor Nrf2 and down-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 by these natural compounds also contribute to the alleviation of hepatic and renal injuries.

Effect of Oregano Carvacrol on Growth Performance of Broiler

The product of plant essential oil, oregano carvacrol, was added in the diet of broiler, to study the effect of oregano carvacrol on growth performance of broilers. Using single factor test, 190 663 individuals of healthy AA broilers at 0 day old were randomly divided into two groups, eight repeats in control group and four repeats in experimental group. The broilers in control group were fed with basal diet （containing 10 mg/kg cnramycin and 60 mg/kg salinomycin sodium）, and those in experimental groups were fed with the basal diet adding with 100 mg/kg oregano carvacrol. Compared with control group, the daily gain of broilers in exper- imental group was increased noticeably by 3.41 g/broiler （P 〈 0. 05） ; the slaughter quality was increased remarkably by 143 g/broiler （P 〈 0.05 ） ; the survival rate was increased significantly by 3.01% （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; and the feed gain ratio was reduced markedly by 0.08 （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The paper provided a theoretical basis for application of oregano carvacrol in broiler production.

Influence of Carvacrol on the Growth Performance,Hematological,Non-Specific Immune and Serum Biochemistry Parameters in Rainbow Trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The present study investigated the effects of phytoadditive carvacrol on growth performance, feed utilization, hematological, non-specific immune and serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In trial, 240 rainbow trout which had average weight of 10.79 ± 0.57 was used. Fish were divided into four groups before being fed for 60 days with 0, 1 (C1), 3 (C3) or 5 (C5) g/kg of carvacrol. There were no particular differences in the growth performance, feed utilization, whole body composition, hematological parameters between the experimental group and the control group. However, as compared to control group, a significant increase of serum lysozyme activity was seen in groups receiving feed containing C3 and C5 groups after 30 days. The myeloperoxidase activity in groups (C1 and C3) was significantly higher on the 30th day of sampling. Myeloperoxidase activity of C5 treated group was significantly higher on the 60th day in comparison with the control group. Serum glucose levels significantly decreased on 60th day for C1, C3 and C5 treated groups. The serum total protein, globulin and triglyceride levels of C3 treated groups was significantly higher on the 60th day in comparison with the control and other carvacrol treated groups. The level of serum cholesterol in C5 treated groups was significantly lower on the 30th day in comparison with the control and other carvacrol treated groups. The results of the present study indicated that dietary supplementation of 3 g/kg of carvacrol in commercial diets could improve some non-specific and biochemical status in rainbow trout.

香芹酚纳米乳液制备及其对腐败希瓦氏菌的抑制作用

【目的】探究使用超声波乳化法制备香芹酚纳米乳液(Carvacrol nanoemulsion,CNE)的最佳条件,并分析CNE抑制腐败希瓦氏菌(Shewanella putrefaciens)的作用机制。【方法】通过正交实验优化CNE制备条件,分析乳化剂吐温-80用量、油相占比与超声时间对CNE平均粒径影响,对优化后的CNE进行平均粒径、多分散指数、形态、稳定性与抗菌活性表征,并初步探究其对腐败希瓦氏菌的作用机制。【结果】乳化剂吐温-80体积分数为11%、油相香芹酚体积分数为5%、超声时间为5 min时,CNE平均粒径最小,为(145.83±4.77)nm。优化后制备的CNE在热处理(25~100℃)条件下维持稳定,在pH接近中性时的Zeta电位绝对值较高,且在4℃下最适合贮藏。制备的CNE对腐败希瓦氏菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为15.63μL/mL。腐败希瓦氏菌在CNE的处理下,其碱性磷酸酶活性上升,琥珀酸脱氢酶活性下降,蛋白质、核酸泄露量增加。推测CNE是通过破坏细胞壁完整性、细胞膜通透性和能量代谢途径抑制腐败希瓦氏菌生长。【结论】以香芹酚为原料制备的CNE对腐败希瓦氏菌具有较好抑制效果,具备作为鱼类保鲜抗菌剂的潜力。

香芹酚乳液的稳定性和抑菌性研究

为了改善精油乳液的稳定性和抑菌性,使用吐温80、十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)作为乳化剂制备不同的香芹酚乳液,探究不同乳液的粒径、多分散指数(polydispersity index,PDI)、Zeta电位、抑菌性和贮藏稳定性的变化,并研究了香芹酚(carvacrol,CA)与香芹酚乳液的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)和抗氧化活性差异。结果表明,与只使用吐温80制备的香芹酚乳液相比,SDS的加入可以显著降低香芹酚乳液的粒径和PDI值,增强乳液的Zeta电位值,并将香芹酚乙醇混合液[carvacrol-ethanol solution,CES,m(香芹酚)∶m(无水乙醇)=3∶1]含量由200 g/L提高到了400 g/L,同时抑菌性也有了明显的增强,并且以吐温80和SDS作为复合乳化剂制备的香芹酚乳液分别在4℃和25℃下贮藏45 d粒径均无明显变化。香芹酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC分别为0.3125、0.6250、1.2500、0.6250 mg/mL,而香芹酚乳液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC均为0.3125 mg/mL。当香芹酚含量为5 mg/mL时,香芹酚和香芹酚乳液的DPPH自由基清除率分别为76.50%、82.54%,乳化体系增强了香芹酚的抗氧化活性。该研究为精油的广泛应用提供参考依据。

壬醛与香芹酚复合抑菌微胶囊的制备及其对蓝莓的保鲜作用

为开发适合蓝莓采后贮藏保鲜的非接触式抑菌型天然固体缓释保鲜剂,以蓝莓采后主要病害病原菌灰霉菌为目标菌种,首先采用棋盘法从10种抑菌精油中筛选出具有协同抑菌作用的精油组合,再以包埋率为指标,通过响应面实验优化复合精油-β-环糊精微胶囊最佳制备工艺条件,并对其结构及功能特性进行表征,最后研究了微胶囊对蓝莓的保鲜效果。结果表明,壬醛与香芹酚具有协同抑制灰霉菌生长的效果;最佳制备工艺为β-环糊精/复合精油比8.75∶1(g/mL),包埋温度50.3℃,包埋时间2.0 h,微胶囊包埋率可达78.23%;扫描电镜观察微胶囊形态为规则晶体结构,平均粒径为16.86μm;抑菌实验表明,随着微胶囊用量增加,其对灰霉菌的抑制作用也提高;经过26 d释放后,在4℃和20℃微胶囊中复合精油最大累积释放率分别为50.52%和57.78%,具备缓释特性。在蓝莓保鲜实验中,贮藏至2周+8 d,相较空白对照(CK),6%(以果实质量分数计)微胶囊组蓝莓的商品率提高了39.73%、霉菌总数降低了61.39%,延缓了硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸与抗坏血酸含量的下降,有效保持了蓝莓的品质。

负载香芹酚的小麦醇溶蛋白/果胶纳米颗粒的构建及性质表征

香芹酚作为天然高效的抗氧化剂,却由于其水溶性较差导致其生物活性较低。研究借助小麦醇溶蛋白的自组装特性包埋香芹酚,复合果胶做稳定剂,运用反溶剂法制备负载香芹酚的纳米颗粒。借助粒径仪及光学照片考察小麦醇溶蛋白与果胶不同质量比、小麦醇溶蛋白与香芹酚不同质量比、pH值、盐离子浓度及储藏时间对复合纳米颗粒稳定性的影响。结果表明:当m(小麦醇溶蛋白)∶m(果胶)=1∶1.5时,复合纳米颗粒粒径为179.23 nm,多分散指数(PDI)达0.21,电位达-36.42 mV。在该条件下,当m(小麦醇溶蛋白)∶m(香芹酚)=10∶1时,包封率达85.23%;当pH=3.0~9.0,盐离子浓度不高于50 mmol/L时,负载香芹酚的复合纳米颗粒稳定性较好,且储藏实验表明28天内体系均一稳定。透射电镜结果也显示果胶与小麦醇溶蛋白借助相互作用力形成稳定球型结构。此外,抗氧化实验显示负载香芹酚的复合纳米颗粒可有效实现对自由基的清除,且对DPPH自由基清除率的IC_(50)值为(13.21±0.81)μg/mL,可预防食物氧化,在食品保鲜与包装领域有较好的应用前景。

香芹酚的生理功能及其在家禽生产中的应用研究进展

香芹酚是一种在芳香植物中普遍存在的生物学活性物质,具有抗炎、抗氧化、改善肠道健康等生理功能,被广泛应用于家禽饲料添加剂,以改善家禽肠道健康,提高畜禽产品品质。在全球禁抗的大背景下,深入研究和解析香芹酚等产品的功能特性对其在家禽生产中的应用十分重要。本文主要围绕香芹酚的结构特征、生理功能及其在家禽养殖中的应用进行阐述,旨为香芹酚在家禽生产中的科学应用提供理论依据和技术支持。

Carvacrol Promotes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

Objective:To examine the role of carvacrol in modulating PI3 K/AKT signaling involved in human breast cancer pathogenesis using in vitro experimental model MCF-7 cells.Methods:MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed with cells treated with different doses of carvacrol(0–250μmol/L)at different time points(24 and 48 h).The nuclear morphology was assessed in MCF-7 cells with propidium iodide(PI)and acridine orange/ethidium bromide(AO/EB)staining and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy.Events like cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were observed by flow cytometric analysis and expressions of p-Rb,cyclin D1,cyclin-dependent kinase 4(CDK4),CDK6,Bax,Bcl-2,PI3 K/p-AKT were analyzed by immunoblot.Results:Carvacrol significantly reduced cell viability with the half maximal inhibitory concentration value of 200μmol/L at 24 and 48 h(P<0.05).importantly,there was a significant increase in the accumulation of the G0/G1 phase upon treatment with carvacrol in MCF-7 cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01).A remarkable decrease in protein expressions of p-Rb,cyclin D1,CDK4 and CDK6 denoted cell cycle arrest(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In addition,carvacrol treatment significantly inhibited PI3 K/p-AKT protein expressions leading to induction of apoptosis mediated by decreased Bcl2 and increased Bax protein expressions.Further,Annexin V/PI staining by FACS analysis,dual staining by AO/EB and PI staining studies suggested induction of apoptosis by carvacrol through PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway in MCF-7 cells.Conclusion:Carvacrol significantly inhibited the breast cancer MCF-7 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis via suppressing PI3/AKT signaling pathway.

5%香芹酚水剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的田间防治

【目的】评价5%香芹酚水剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊(Bradysia odoripahaga)田间防效,以及对韭菜生长安全性影响。【方法】以0.3%苦参碱水剂作为对照药剂,通过灌根方式考察5%香芹酚水剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊防治效果,并通过增产率和品质感官评价评估其对韭菜生产安全性。【结果】田间试验表明,在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊发生初期施药1次,药后3~14 d,5%香芹酚水剂450.00 g(a.i.)/hm^(2)、600.00 g(a.i.)/hm^(2)处理对韭菜保株效果维持在49.10%~85.60%,药后21 d韭蛆虫口减退率和防治效果最高达76.26%和84.32%,对韭菜增产率达14.59%。【结论】5%香芹酚水剂对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊具有较好防治效果,对韭菜生长安全,可作为防治韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的绿色杀虫剂推广应用。

香芹酚胁迫下酿酒酵母的生理特性和转录组分析

本研究以果蔬产品中常见的致腐菌酿酒酵母为对象,探究香芹酚胁迫对酿酒酵母生理特性和转录组的影响。结果表明:香芹酚对酿酒酵母的最小抑菌浓度为160μg/mL;随着环境温度的升高(20~40℃),香芹酚(160μg/mL)对酿酒酵母的抑制作用逐渐增强,环境pH 3~4.5对香芹酚的抗菌效果没有明显影响,然而果糖的添加(20~80 g/L)可显著降低其抑菌活性;经香芹酚处理后,酿酒酵母细胞壁膜结构受损,细胞膜通透性增加并发生去极化,胞内物质泄漏,线粒体膜电位降低,胞内Ca^(2+)稳态失衡、ATP水平下降;通过转录组测序分析发现,香芹酚胁迫抑制线粒体呼吸链复合体、ATP合成酶以及线粒体核糖体结构蛋白的生物合成,阻碍呼吸链电子传递和干扰线粒体核糖体相关的生命活动。

香芹酚对2型糖尿病肝损伤的影响及机制

目的观察香芹酚对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)小鼠损伤肝脏的保护作用,并从Toll样受4(Toll-like receptor4,TLR4)/核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)、蛋白激酶B1(protein kinase B1,AKT1)/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)信号通路的角度探讨其可能的分子机制。方法将自发性2型糖尿病db/db小鼠随机分为模型组、香芹酚组,并将db/m小鼠设置为对照组。给药6周后检测小鼠空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG);酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测空腹胰岛素、糖化血清蛋白(glycated serum protein,GSP)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotrans,ALT)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C);苏木精-伊红染色法(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)及碘酸雪夫氏染色(periodic Acid-Schiff stain,PAS)观察肝组织病理形态学变化;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot,WB)检测小鼠肝组织中TLR4、NF-κB、核苷酸结合寡聚化域蛋白样受体3(Nod-like receptor protein 3,NALP3)、AKT1、磷酸化蛋白激酶B1(phospho-protein kinase B1,p-AKT1)、胰岛素受体(Iusulin receptor,INSR)、磷酸化胰岛素受体(phospho-Iusulin receptor,p-INSR)、mTOR、磷酸化哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin,p-mTOR)、胰岛素受体底物1(Iusulin receptor substrate1,IRS1)和磷酸化胰岛素受体底物1(phospho-Iusulin receptor substrate1,p-IRS1)蛋白表达。结果香芹酚组小鼠的空腹血糖、GSP、AST、ALT、TC、LDL-C、TG水平、TLR4、NF-κB、NALP3、INSR、p-INSR、IRS1、p-IRS1蛋白水平明显下降(P<0.05),HDL-C水平明显升高(P<0.05),香芹酚组肝脏组织病理损伤较模型组明显减少。结论香芹酚对T2DM小鼠损伤的肝脏具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制TLR4/NF-κB、ATK1/mTOR炎症信号通路有关。

香芹酚对心肌缺血再灌注损伤细胞凋亡的影响研究

目的 以线粒体信号途径为切入点,探讨香芹酚对心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)细胞凋亡的影响。方法 将48只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、香芹酚低剂量组、香芹酚高剂量组,每组12只。于造模术前1周开始,香芹酚低、高剂量组分别给予香芹酚溶液50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg腹腔注射,假手术组和模型组给予等体积1%二甲基亚砜腹腔注射,均1次/d,术前30 min再给药1次。模型组和香芹酚低、高剂量组经左冠脉结扎45 min再灌注6 h构建MIRI模型。采用NBT染色法测定心肌梗死面积,流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率,ELISA法测定胞浆中线粒体细胞色素C(Cyt C)含量,荧光底物法测定胞浆中半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9(Caspase-9)活性,RT-qPCR法测定心肌组织中B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax) mRNA表达情况。结果 与模型组比较,香芹酚低、高剂量组心肌梗死区面积显著缩小,心肌细胞凋亡率显著降低,胞浆中Cyt C释放量显著减少,胞浆中Caspase-3、Caspase-9活性和心肌组织中Bax mRNA表达量均明显降低,心肌组织中Bcl-2 mRNA表达量明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);香芹酚低剂量组上述各指标与香芹酚高剂量组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 香芹酚预处理对MIRI的心肌保护作用是通过抑制线粒体信号途径、减轻心肌细胞凋亡反应等实现的。