Model Predictive Control for Cascaded H-Bridge PV Inverter with Capacitor Voltage Balance

We designed an improved direct-current capacitor voltage balancing control model predictive control(MPC)for single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic(PV)inverters.Compared with conventional voltage balanc-ing control methods,the method proposed could make the PV strings of each submodule operate at their maximum power point by independent capacitor voltage control.Besides,the predicted and reference value of the grid-connected current was obtained according to the maximum power output of the maximum power point tracking.A cost function was con-structed to achieve the high-precision grid-connected control of the CHB inverter.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified through a semi-physical simulation platform with three submodules.

A distributed VSG control method for a battery energy storage system with a cascaded H-bridge in a grid-connected mode

With the high penetration of renewable energy,new challenges,such as power fluctuation suppression and inertial support capability,have arisen in the power sector.Battery energy storage systems play an essential role in renewable energy integration.In this paper,a distributed virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control method for a battery energy storage system(BESS)with a cascaded H-bridge converter in a grid-connected mode is proposed.The VSG is developed without communication dependence,and state-of-charge(SOC)balancing control is achieved using the distributed average algorithm.Owing to the low varying speed of SOC,the bandwidth of the distributed communication networks is extremely slow,which decreases the cost.Therefore,the proposed method can simultaneously provide inertial support and accurate SOC balancing.The stability is also proved using root locus analysis.Finally,simulations under different conditions are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

THD Analysis of Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with Fuzzy Logic Controller

In recent days, the multilevel inverter technology is widely applied to domestic and industrial applications for medium voltage conversion. But, the power quality issues of the multilevel inverter limit the usage of much sensitive equipment like medical instruments. The lower distortion level of the output voltage and current can generate a quality sinusoidal output voltage in inverters and they can be used for many applications. The harmonics can cause major problems in equipments due to the nonlinear loads connected with the power system. So, it is necessary to minimize the losses to raise its overall efficiency. In this paper, a new topology of seven level asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with a Fuzzy logic controller had been implemented to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and to improve the overall performance of the inverter. The proposed model is well suited for use with a solar PV application. In this topology, only six IGBT switches are used with three different voltage ratings of PV modules (1:2:4). The lower number of semiconductor switches leads to minimizing overall di/dt ratings and voltage stress on each switches and switching losses. The gate pulses generated by Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique with a Fuzzy logic controller are also introduced. A buck-boost converter is used to maintain the constant PV voltage level integrated by an MPPT technique followed by Perturb and Observer algorithm is also implemented. The MPPT is used to harness the maximum power of solar radiations under its various climatic conditions. The new topology is evaluated by a Matlab/Simulink model and compared with a hardware model. The results proved that the THD achieved by this topology is 1.66% and realized that it meets the IEEE harmonic standards.

Research of Mining STATCOM Based on Hybrid Multilevel H-bridge Inverter

The paper presents a new STATCOM system based on H-bridge inverter. It can be used in mine power network. It has been commonly verified for the positive effects of SVG on the reactive power compensation and voltage fluctuation suppression. This paper focuses on a generalized structure of multilevel power converter where individual voltage sources are not necessarily the same. The cascade H-bridge consists of two cells, high-voltage cell and low-voltage cell. The high-voltage cell is responsible for voltage lifting, while the low-voltage cell is responsible for PWM modulation. If two cells are cascaded with DC voltages in a ratio of 2:1, the single-phase output voltage can reach 7 levels. Increasing voltage levels of output waveform can bring up AC current quality, optimize harmonic spectrum and enhance converter efficiency. The hybrid multilevel is characterized by per-phase series connection of a high-voltage H-bridge converter and a low-voltage H-bridge converter. Due to the different capacitor voltage, it is a key problem as to how to maintain the capacitor’s voltage at a reference level. Independent DC source can effectively ensure the DC voltage. Through the reactive power compensation technology, the three-phase voltage and current can remain at the same phase.

基于双频功率回路的星形级联H桥STATCOM不平衡补偿研究

星形级联H桥静止同步补偿器(staticsynchronous compensator,STATCOM)在中高压配电和输电网中应用广泛,但其负序电流补偿能力较弱,容易引起相间子模块直流电压的不平衡。为了实现任意不平衡度的负序电流补偿,文中提出一种基于双频功率回路的星形级联H桥STATCOM拓扑,该拓扑在传统星形结构基础上仅需增加两组相间RLC谐振器,并利用谐振频率分量实现相间功率的流动,且不影响工频补偿电流的输出。在分析拓扑工作原理的基础上进一步提出基于双频功率的控制策略,能够在相间重新分配三相不平衡功率,保证三相直流侧电压平衡,实现任意不平衡度的电流补偿。最后,针对所提出的拓扑及控制策略进行仿真及实验验证,证明所提方法的有效性与优势。

弱受端场景下角型链式STATCOM接入HVDC系统的阻抗建模及稳定性分析

为抑制电网换相换流器型高压直流输电(line-commutated converter based high-voltage direct-current,LCC-HVDC)换相失败的发生,静止同步补偿器(static synchronous compensator,STATCOM)在受端系统得到应用。然而随着LCC-HVDC系统的发展及新型电力系统的构建,受端电网呈现弱电网的特征。在弱电网条件下,LCC-HVDC系统、STATCOM与弱受端电网交互作用容易引发谐波振荡。该文采用阻抗分析法分析了含角型链式STATCOM的LCC-HVDC系统与受端电网的交互稳定性问题。首先提出一种改进的LCC交流电流和直流电压计算方式,以避免LCC复杂的换相开关函数的线性化。然后基于谐波状态空间(harmonic state space,HSS)理论,分别推导了LCC-HVDC系统以及角型链式STATCOM的多输入多输出(multi-input multi-output,MIMO)阻抗模型。此外,为了便于阻抗测量和稳定性分析,将MIMO阻抗模型等效转化为单输入单输出(single-input single-output,SISO)阻抗模型,并分析了角型链式STATCOM未接入和接入LCC-HVDC系统下的阻抗特性,揭示了含角型链式STATCOM的LCC-HVDC系统在弱受端电网下振荡的机理。分析表明:LCC-HVDC系统单独运行时受端系统容易在中低频段出现正序谐波振荡,而角型链式STATCOM接入后受端系统容易在中低频段内出现负序谐波振荡。最后,通过仿真验证了分析的正确性。

Neural Network and Fuzzy Control Based 11-Level Cascaded Inverter Operation

This paper presents a combined control and modulation technique to enhance the power quality(PQ)and power reliability(PR)of a hybrid energy system(HES)through a single-phase 11-level cascaded H-bridge inverter(11-CHBI).The controller and inverter specifically regulate the HES and meet the load demand.To track optimum power,a Modified Perturb and Observe(MP&O)technique is used for HES.Ultra-capacitor(UCAP)based energy storage device and a novel current control strategy are proposed to provide additional active power support during both voltage sag and swell conditions.For an improved PQ and PR,a two-way current control strategy such as the main controller(MC)and auxiliary controller(AC)is suggested for the 11-CHBI operation.MC is used to regulate the active current component through the fuzzy controller(FC),and AC is used to regulate the dc-link voltage of CHBI through a neural network-based PI controller(ANN-PI).By tracking the reference signals fromMC and AC,a novel hybrid pulse widthmodulation(HPWM)technique is proposed for the 11-CHBI operation.To justify and analyze the MATLAB/Simulink software-based designed model,the robust controller performance is tested through numerous steady-state and dynamic state case studies.

Capacitor Pattern H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) Using Phase Diposition Pulse Width Modulation for Grid Applications

This work presents an implementation of an innovative single phase multilevel inverter using capacitors with reduced switches. The proposed Capacitor pattern H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) topology consists of a proper number of Capacitor connected with switches and power sources. The advanced switching control supplied by Pulse Width Modulation (PDPWM) to attain mixed staircase switching state. The charging and discharging mode are achieved by calculating the voltage error at the load. Furthermore, to accomplish the higher voltage levels at the output with less number of semiconductors switches and simple commutation designed using CPHMLI topology. To prove the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a set of experiments performed under various load conditions using MATLAB tool.

Analysis of unbalanced clustered voltage and control strategy of clustered voltage balancing for cascaded H-bridge STATCOM

To explore the clustered voltage balancing mechanism of the cascaded H-bridge static synchronous compensator(STATCOM),this paper analyzes the causes of unbalanced clustered voltage.The negative-sequence current caused by the compensation of unbalanced reactive power or detection and control errors and the zero-sequence voltage caused by voltage drift of the STATCOM neutral point contribute to unbalanced clustered voltage.On this basis,this paper proposes a control strategy to inject negative-sequence current and zero-sequence voltage simultaneously.The injection of negative-sequence current may cause current asymmetry in the grid,and the zerosequence injection has a relatively limited balancing ability in the clustered voltages.The proposed control strategy can not only generate a faster balancing response than the traditional zero-sequence voltage injection method,but also lower the extent of current asymmetry compared with the traditional negative-sequence current injection method.Then,the negative-sequence current and zero-sequence voltage injection are further transformed into the dq frame to establish a unified frame.The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by the simulation and experimental results.

基于相移级联多电平逆变器的STATCOM研究

针对目前静态同步补偿器(STATCOM)存在的问题,提出了将级联多电平逆变器作为STATCOM的主拓扑,运用相移SPWM(PSSPWM)调制的解决方案,详细阐述了其工作原理和控制方法。MATLAB的仿真结果表明,它既能省去庞大笨重的变压器,减小功耗;还可以成倍提高等效载波频率,降低输出谐波含量,使级联逆变器拓扑成为STATCOM的首选。

链式STATCOM的数学模型

数学模型的研究对于装置性能的研究、主电路参数设计和控制系统设计具有重要意义。该文通过傅立叶分解的方法,建立了链式STATCOM的数学模型。该模型正确反映了暂态过程中,基波电流有功分量、基波电流无功分量和电容电压平均值的变化规律。基于PSCAD的仿真验证了模型的正确性。该文还基于该模型讨论了链式STATCOM开环响应时间常数与主电路参数之间的关系。

35kV±200M var STATCOM系统总体设计

针对东莞站无功补偿及提高电压稳定性的需求,给出了基于IEGT器件的35 kV±200 Mvar STATCOM装置的总体设计,提出了双三角接链式结构的主电路,避免了开关器件的并联与串联。同时,针对存在2个积分环节的锁相环无法快速检测系统电压相位跳变的缺点,提出了一种只有单个积分环节的新型锁相环;根据电网对STATCOM的多目标要求,设计了根据电网状态识别控制目标的多目标协调控制策略。以东莞站实际电网为背景对STATCOM的控制策略及效果进行了仿真,结果表明STATCOM装置在短路后能够快速输出无功功率,有效提高220 kV母线电压,可满足稳态与暂态条件下系统运行的要求。

级联多电平逆变器在STATCOM的应用研究

随着多电平变换器在高压大功率方面的广泛应用,针对目前静态同步补偿器(STATCOM)存在的问题,提出了将级联多电平逆变器作为STATCOM的主拓扑,运用相移SPWM(PSSPWM)进行调制的解决方案,该方案既能省去庞大笨重的变压器,减小功耗;还可以成倍提高等效载波频率,降低输出谐波含量.文章详细阐述了其工作原理和控制方法,并通过MATLAB仿真实验验证了方案的可行性.

±50 Mvar链式STATCOM稳态特性研究

根据±50 Mvar链式静止无功补偿器(STATCOM)的实际设计,建立其仿真模型,分析其运行原理和稳态特性,通过PSCAD仿真软件计算得到其各项稳态性能指标满足要求。在传统的STATCOM数学模型基础上,建立了考虑各种损耗的链式STATCOM详细的暂态、稳态数学模型,解释了链式STATCOM稳态运行时的若干非线性现象,利用PSCAD仿真软件对±50 MvarSTATCOM进行稳态仿真研究,验证了上述分析结果的正确性。

基于链式逆变器的大容量STATCOM的直流电压平衡控制(英文)

结合50 MVA STATCOM的研制,建立了基于链式逆变器的STATCOM直流电容电压稳态数学模型,揭示了电容电压不平衡现象产生的机理,分析了控制直流电压平衡的手段,提出了一种基于直流母线能量交换的直流电压平衡控制方法。分析了基于交流电源母线能量交换的直流电容电压平衡控制方法的原理,提出了最大(或最小)电容电压跟踪的平衡控制方法,并在50 MVA STATCOM的PSCAD模型和±18 kvar STATCOM的实验模型上进行了仿真研究。仿真和实验结果验证了稳态模型以及所提出的控制方法的正确性和可行性。

一种星接链式STATCOM不平衡补偿的新拓扑

针对传统星接链式STATCOM较难实现不平衡补偿的问题,提出了一种星接链式STATCOM实现不平衡补偿功能的新拓扑结构,即增加一台接地变压器,将STATCOM和接地变压器的中点相连,实现负序补偿所需的零序电流通路。通过功率分析,分析了这种新拓扑结构下参考电流和零序电流生成方法,并推导了该结构下相间直流电压平衡的控制方法。仿真波形和整机实验数据表明,采用所提结构和控制方法后,负荷中的负序电流得到了较好的补偿,相间直流电压平衡的效果较好。工程分析表明,所提方法与增加△/Y连接变压器实现不平衡补偿的方式相比,在成本和占地上都有较大优势。

Finite-time robust control for transformerless H-bridge cascaded STATCOM with star configuration

This article presents a finite-time robust control(FTRC)of a transformerless STATCOM based on a cascaded multilevel H-bridge converter(CMHC)with star configuration.The FTRC is first proposed for the current loop control of a CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM by using the finite time robust control theory.Taking the parameters,perturbations and external disturbances into account and using coordinate transformation method,the nonlinear dynamic model of the CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM is transformed into a standard nonlinear port-controlled dissipative Hamiltonian(PCDH)structure.Based on the PCDH structure,an FTRC is designed for the CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM to improve the transient stability and oscillation damping of power system.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate that the FTRC has better dynamic performance and strong robustness in comparison with the passivity-based control of the CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM.

链式星形STATCOM补偿不平衡负载的控制策略

星形结构的链式静止同步补偿器(static synchronous compensator,STATCOM)受限于三相输出电流之和等于零的约束条件,因此,在补偿不平衡负载时,必须注入零序电压,以强迫输出电流的相位与STATCOM相电压的相位相差90。首先推导在补偿不平衡负载工况下所要添加的零序电压的数学公式,证明该工况下零序电压添加的必要性与唯一性;然后改进适用于补偿不平衡负载工况的目标电流提取方法,该方法能有效减少参考电流的二倍频分量。而且,提出的零序电压计算方法,无需对参考电流锁相,参考电流提取完毕后,即可计算出零序电压。给出基于经典控制理论在静止坐标系下的参考电流跟踪控制策略。最后,仿真与实验结果验证了所提出方法的正确性。

风电场中级联STATCOM直流侧电压控制方法

由于风能具有随机性和间歇性等特点,风电场中级联STATCOM各模块直流侧电压波动更为明显。建立风电场中级联STATCOM的数学模型,分析其在四象限下的控制特性,提出有功功率均等分配来控制其各模块直流侧电压的平衡方法,通过控制其交流侧吸收的有功功率来控制其直流侧电压的大小。利用分层协调控制实现级联STATCOM的有功、无功调节,上层通过解耦实现总体控制,下层通过模块控制器实现有功功率均等分配控制。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地稳定风电场中级联STATCOM直流侧电压,具有较高的工程实用价值。

阶梯波调制法链式STATCOM直流电容电压平衡控制

为提高采用阶梯波调制法的链式静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)输出电压和输出电流的波形质量,提出一种直流侧电容电压平衡控制策略。分析导通方式、工作模式和电容电压变化量的关系,总结出链节的四种工作区间(A、B、C、D)及各个区间导通角与电压变化量的数值关系。根据单个采样点电容电压的排序结果在各个区间选择导通方式,使电压越高的链节在A和D区间电压上升程度越小,在B和C区间电压下降程度越大,从而将电容电压向平均值调整,在调整过程中不改变各个链节的导通角、调制比等参数。为避免锁相环误差引起的工作模式判断不准确问题,根据两个相邻采样点电容电压大小和变化量判断装置的工作模式(容性、感性)。三相11电平链式STATCOM的实验结果验证了控制策略的可行性和有效性。