Coordinated Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for Cascaded H-bridge Inverter with Supercapacitor and DC-DC Stage

Cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI) with supercapacitors(SCs) and dc-dc stage shows significant promise for medium to high voltage energy storage applications. This paper investigates the voltage balance of capacitors within the CHBI, including both the dc-link capacitors and SCs. Balance control over the dc-link capacitor voltages is realized by the dcdc stage in each submodule(SM), while a hybrid modulation strategy(HMS) is implemented in the H-bridge to balance the SC voltages among the SMs. Meanwhile, the dc-link voltage fluctuations are analyzed under the HMS. A virtual voltage variable is introduced to coordinate the balancing of dc-link capacitor voltages and SC voltages. Compared to the balancing method that solely considers the SC voltages, the presented method reduces the dc-link voltage fluctuations without affecting the voltage balance of SCs. Finally, both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the presented method.

Model Predictive Control for Cascaded H-Bridge PV Inverter with Capacitor Voltage Balance

We designed an improved direct-current capacitor voltage balancing control model predictive control(MPC)for single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic(PV)inverters.Compared with conventional voltage balanc-ing control methods,the method proposed could make the PV strings of each submodule operate at their maximum power point by independent capacitor voltage control.Besides,the predicted and reference value of the grid-connected current was obtained according to the maximum power output of the maximum power point tracking.A cost function was con-structed to achieve the high-precision grid-connected control of the CHB inverter.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified through a semi-physical simulation platform with three submodules.

Equal Switching Distribution Method for Multi-Level Cascaded Inverters

The paper proposes a new method of equal switching distribution that can be applied to cascaded multi-level inverters. This method is based on the fact that in the cascaded multilevel inverters, the output phase voltage is the sum of voltage waveforms produced by all cascaded cells. By periodically exchanging cells’ voltage waveforms, the proposed method ensures equal average switchings distribution between all cascaded cells. This method is applied to the 13-level inverter, which consists of three cascaded 5-level H-bridge cells per phase. However, the proposed method can be extended to any desired number of voltage levels and applied to any type of cascaded multi-level inverter. Extensive simulation results of the tested 13-level inverter with the equal switching distribution are presented. Moreover, the proposed method is compared to the standard control approaches and its advantages are shown.

Applications of cascade multilevel inverters

Cascade multilevel inverters have been developed for electric utility applications. A cascade M level inverter consists of (M 1)/2 H bridges in which each bridge's dc voltage is supported by its own dc capacitor. The new inverter can: (1) generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage while only switching one time per fundamental cycle; (2) dispense with multi pulse inverters' transformers used in conventional utility interfaces and static var compensators; (3) enables direct parallel or series transformer less connection to medium and high voltage power systems. In short, the cascade inverter is much more efficient and suitable for utility applications than traditional multi pulse and pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. The authors have experimentally demonstrated the superiority of the new inverter for power supply, (hybrid) electric vehicle (EV) motor drive, reactive power (var) and harmonic compensation. This paper summarizes the features, feasibility, and control schemes of the cascade inverter for utility applications including utility interface of renewable energy, voltage regulation, var compensation, and harmonic filtering in power systems. Analytical, simulated, and experimental results demonstrated the superiority of the new inverters.

Intensification of Power Quality Using PMSG and Cascaded Multi Cell Trans-Z-Source Inverter

This script depicts the power quality intensification of Wind Energy Transfer System (WETS) using Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) and Cascaded Multi Cell Trans-Z-Source Inverter (CMCTZSI). The PMSG knocks the induction generator and earlier generators, because of their stimulating performances without taking the frame power. The Trans-Z-Source Inverter with one transformer and one capacitor is connected newly. To increase the boosting ratio gratuity a cascaded impression is proposed with adopting multi-winding transformer which provides an option for this manuscript to use coupled inductor as an alternative of multi-winding transformer and remains the matching voltage gain as cascaded multi cell trans-Z- source inverter. Accordingly the parallel capacitances are also balancing the voltage gain. The parallel correlation of the method is essentially to trim down the voltage stresses and to improve the input current gain of the inverter. By using MALAB Simulation, harmonics can be reduced up to 1.32% and also DC side can be boosted up our required level 200 - 1000 V achievable. The new hardware setup results demonstrate to facilitate the multi cell Trans Z-source inverter. This can be generated high-voltage gain [50 V - 1000 V] and also be credible. Moreover, the level of currents, voltages and Harmonics on the machinery is low.

THD Analysis of Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with Fuzzy Logic Controller

In recent days, the multilevel inverter technology is widely applied to domestic and industrial applications for medium voltage conversion. But, the power quality issues of the multilevel inverter limit the usage of much sensitive equipment like medical instruments. The lower distortion level of the output voltage and current can generate a quality sinusoidal output voltage in inverters and they can be used for many applications. The harmonics can cause major problems in equipments due to the nonlinear loads connected with the power system. So, it is necessary to minimize the losses to raise its overall efficiency. In this paper, a new topology of seven level asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with a Fuzzy logic controller had been implemented to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and to improve the overall performance of the inverter. The proposed model is well suited for use with a solar PV application. In this topology, only six IGBT switches are used with three different voltage ratings of PV modules (1:2:4). The lower number of semiconductor switches leads to minimizing overall di/dt ratings and voltage stress on each switches and switching losses. The gate pulses generated by Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique with a Fuzzy logic controller are also introduced. A buck-boost converter is used to maintain the constant PV voltage level integrated by an MPPT technique followed by Perturb and Observer algorithm is also implemented. The MPPT is used to harness the maximum power of solar radiations under its various climatic conditions. The new topology is evaluated by a Matlab/Simulink model and compared with a hardware model. The results proved that the THD achieved by this topology is 1.66% and realized that it meets the IEEE harmonic standards.

Neural Network and Fuzzy Control Based 11-Level Cascaded Inverter Operation

This paper presents a combined control and modulation technique to enhance the power quality(PQ)and power reliability(PR)of a hybrid energy system(HES)through a single-phase 11-level cascaded H-bridge inverter(11-CHBI).The controller and inverter specifically regulate the HES and meet the load demand.To track optimum power,a Modified Perturb and Observe(MP&O)technique is used for HES.Ultra-capacitor(UCAP)based energy storage device and a novel current control strategy are proposed to provide additional active power support during both voltage sag and swell conditions.For an improved PQ and PR,a two-way current control strategy such as the main controller(MC)and auxiliary controller(AC)is suggested for the 11-CHBI operation.MC is used to regulate the active current component through the fuzzy controller(FC),and AC is used to regulate the dc-link voltage of CHBI through a neural network-based PI controller(ANN-PI).By tracking the reference signals fromMC and AC,a novel hybrid pulse widthmodulation(HPWM)technique is proposed for the 11-CHBI operation.To justify and analyze the MATLAB/Simulink software-based designed model,the robust controller performance is tested through numerous steady-state and dynamic state case studies.

Design and Analysis of Cascaded Hybrid-Bridge Multi-Cell Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Total Harmonic Distortion Profile

This multilevel inverter methodology is the center of focus among researchers in recent era.It has been focused due to its advantages over existing topologies,drawbacks and improvement of power quality,Multi-level inverter has the ability to generate nearly sinusoidal waves.This sinusoidal wave can be further improved by increasing the level of output voltage or with the help of filter design,and this manuscript presents single-phase Multi cell Multi-Level Inverter(MLI).It has been considered for reducing component count to get a higher number of output voltage levels and lower Total harmonics distortion profile.It comprises with four symmetric DC input voltage and 10 IGBT switches to produces stepped output of 9 level,and when deploy asymmetric Dc voltage source the same circuit will produce 31 level output with some changes in firing scheme,moreover this circuit is the family of cascaded hybrid bridge inverter so this circuit covered advantage of CHB MLI,This circuit uses lower no.of switch as compared to existing conventional MLIs such as FC-MLI,CHB-MLI,NPC-MLI,This paper also provides one of most pertinent controls and modulation mechanisms for a MLI using a hybrid reference/carrier-oriented sinusoidal PWM mechanism.At last,simulated outcomes are to validate the performance of both architectures in MLI structure as well as verify the concept.

Modeling and Analysis of Variable Frequency Inverted Sine PWM Technique for a Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter

In cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, a variable frequency inverted sine PWM technique is modeled for hybrid electric vehicles. It has a particular advantage of increasing power which is achieved using series connection of H-bridge and also this topology is capable to produce superior spectral quality with considerable improvement of fundamental voltage. The variable frequency inverted sine PWM technique produces lesser torque ripple and enhances the fundamental output voltage mainly at lower modulation index ranges. The topologies of multilevel inverter are flying capacitor, diode clamped and cascaded inverter. In the paper, we will discuss about the cascaded multilevel inverter based on inverted sine PWM technique. The two switching strategies widely used to control multilevel inverters are constant frequency inverted sine PWM (CF-ISPWM) and variable frequency inverted sine PWM (VF-ISPWM). This implies that switch utilization substantially reduces 32.35% of the constant frequency inverted sine PWM switching technique. The performance of the technique is validated in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Torque ripple which significantly reduces when compared to constant frequency ISPWM. The analysis of conventional triangular PWM inverter and inverted sine PWM inverter using constant and variable switching scheme is done in MATLAB Simulink and verified experimentally by FPGA Spartan 3E processor.

A New Phase-Shifted Cascade High Voltage Inverter

This paper presents a unique novel design of the phase-shifted cascade high voltage inverter. Thehigh voltage inverter utilizes fewer power switches and supplies a balance load. The usage of phase shifttransformer and phase shifting SPWM ensures that input and output harmonic wave content is low and outputvoltage change (du/dt) has a low rate, meeting all the requirements of the power authorities. The most out-standing feature is the energy saving with very fast cost recovery.

A Cascade Multilevel Inverter Using a Single DC Source

3.SWITCHING ANGLES If the nominal capacitor voltage is chosen as Vdc/2, then one can compute the switching anglesθ1,θ2,andθ3.Following the development,the Fourier series expan- sion of the(staircase)output voltage waveform of the multilevel inverter as shown in Fig.2(a)

A New Phase-shifted Cascade High Voltage Inverter

This paper presents the characteristic and structure of phase-shifted cascade high voltage inverter. The high voltage inverter utilizes fewer power switches and has a balance load, a good linearity between input and output and a perfect control feature.

多电平级联H桥逆变器通用型离散模型及分岔与混沌行为特性分析

多电平级联H桥逆变器内部功率器件多、等效开关频率高、开关组合状态繁杂、离散数学模型建立难度大,其分岔、混沌动力学行为难以进行系统性分析。基于虚拟遍历法建立了具有N个单元的多电平级联H桥逆变器通用型离散映射数学模型;引入对交流变量跟踪性能更佳的准比例谐振控制器,并重点分析了比例增益、谐振增益、单元数量N变化以及主电路和控制电路中其他参数变化情况下的分岔、混沌行为特性;对比分析了引入混沌抑制前后系统稳定性变化情况。从方法论角度分别采用根轨迹图和折叠图验证了稳定性分析结果的正确性,并通过PSIM仿真和实验验证了相关结论的正确性和抑制分岔与混沌行为的有效性。

一种两倍升压五电平开关电容逆变器

开关电容型逆变器具有使用单直流电源输入、电容电压自均衡、输出谐波含量低以及高电压增益的优势。本文提出一种新型五电平逆变器拓扑,该拓扑由1个直流电源、2个浮动电容、1个电感以及4对互补开关管构成;采用多载波层叠调制策略实现开关电容与输入电源的分时串并联运行;实现了2倍电压增益、五电平输出以及电容电压自均衡;通过增加电感抑制了开关电容充电时存在的脉冲电流,降低了开关管的电流应力。此外,逆变电路中没有单独二极管器件,使得该电路具有能量双向流动的能力,扩展了电路的应用范围。本文详细分析了电路的构成及工作过程,仿真及实验结果验证了所提出的逆变器具有可行性。

基于DCM‑PCA和GA‑BP的逆变器故障诊断

针对光伏并网三相电压型逆变器开关管的开路故障,提出深度级联模型(deep cascade mode,DCM)‒主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)与遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)优化的BP神经网络结合的故障诊断方法。首先对逆变器的开路故障进行分析和仿真,确定三相电流作为故障信号,选择22类故障状态作为诊断对象,通过以稀疏表示分类(sparse representation based classififier,SRC)为基本操作单元的深度级联模型提取故障特征,DCM根据层次学习特性将故障特征分层,再由SRC部分得到不同故障的编码系数,并采用t分布—随机近邻嵌入(t⁃distributed stochastic neighbor embedding,t⁃SNE)方法验证了DCM具有较好的特征提取能力,通过PCA降低故障特征的冗余度、保留有价值的主成分提高网络映射能力,最后将故障特征向量作为GA⁃BP神经网络的输入信号实现对故障的诊断识别。通过仿真实验得到该方法的故障诊断准确率为95.64%,与DCM⁃PCA⁃BP、FFT⁃GA⁃BP和FFT⁃BP相比准确率分别提高8.71%、20.64%、51.70%,表明该方法有更好的故障特征提取能力和故障诊断效果。

混合级联H桥逆变器的新型SHEPWM功率均衡控制策略

对于直流侧电压比为1∶1∶2的混合级联H桥逆变器,传统的指定谐波消除脉宽调制法(SHEPWM)存在各单元间输出功率不均衡问题,因此,提出一种双层功率均衡调制策略。首先,通过对消谐方程组中的基波幅值方程表达式进行等效拆分,使2个低压H桥单元的输出电压基波幅值之和与高压H桥单元的输出电压基波幅值相等,实现了高低压H桥单元间的功率均衡,即外层功率均衡。其次,利用逻辑运算的方法对低压单元的初始驱动信号进行逻辑重组,实现2个低压单元间的功率均衡,即内层功率均衡;然后使用改进的实数型遗传算法(IRCGA-2)求出消谐方程组的解,消除指定的谐波,得到高质量的输出电压。最后,通过仿真和实验证明了调制策略的正确性与有效性。

模块化三相光伏逆变器及其分布式自适应升压控制策略

针对现阶段级联H桥二倍频电压纹波和功率失配所带来的一系列问题,提出一种基于四端口LLC的模块化三相光伏逆变器拓扑结构,可从根本上解决相间功率失配的问题,同时该拓扑能够抑制系统直流母线电压上的二倍频电压纹波。总结分析相内功率失配问题形成的本质原因,并提出一种分布式自适应升压控制策略,以提高系统应对相内功率失配的能力,扩展系统的稳定运行范围。分布式控制架构可减少各模块间的信息交互、降低控制系统的复杂性。仿真和实验验证了所提拓扑结构及控制策略的有效性。

面向直流微电网的混合级联多电平逆变器阶梯波控制策略研究

级联多电平变换器将数个全桥逆变模块以级联方式进行连接并予以控制,适用于中压大功率输出场景下的直流微电网,广泛应用于能量路由器、智能电能网关、固态变压器等电力电子装置中.传统级联多电平变换器所级联的每一路逆变模块的电压相同,限制了多电平输出电压的电平数量.为解决上述问题,将传统的母线电压相等的三路级联7电平逆变器改造成母线电压为2的倍数关系(20∶21∶22)的三路混合级联15电平逆变器,通过采用阶梯波控制方法,并针对最近电平逼近法进行了改良以产生开关器件的触发信号,可有效降低开关器件的开关频率和开关损耗,并将输出电压由7电平增加到15电平,有效降低谐波.从混合级联15电平逆变器工作原理、阶梯波调制方法、输出电压谐波等角度开展了理论分析与计算,最终搭建样机进行实验,有效验证了所提出的分析和研究.

ANALYSIS OF A NEW SOFT SWITCHING PWM INVERTER

Resonant dc link inverter is a zero voltage switching inverter.This paper proposes a new cascade resonant dc link inverter that consists of two power converter units,a rugged resonant dc link and an inverter bridge.A detailed analysis of the soft switching process in the rugged resonant dc link and the realization of pulse width modulation (PWM) control strategy in the inverter bridge are presented in the paper. The operation modes, the input and output features and the interface between the rugged resonant dc link and the inverter bridge are also discussed. The relationship between the circuit features and the parameters is deduced, which provides a theoretical base for the circuit design. The analysis results show that the rugged resonant dc link can be regulated by open-loop control and the control of the rugged resonant dc link is independent of that of the inverter bridge, which makes the inverter control easy and realizable.The circuit of the inverter is simulated with a standard circuit simulation program PSPICE. The simulation results are corresponding to the predicted ones of the circuit analysis.

Ⅱ型不对称三单元CHB逆变器的改进型调制策略

与对称型级联H桥逆变器相比,混合级联H桥逆变器具有使用较少级联H桥单元输出较多电平数的优点,但混合级联H桥逆变器在传统调制策略下存在电流倒灌及其导致的能量反馈问题,针对Ⅱ型不对称三单元混合级联H桥逆变器存在的此类问题,提出一种开关状态函数优化的调制策略,并对调制波进行二次优化,同时对所得脉冲进行逻辑运算及组合。所提策略剔除了存在电流倒灌的开关状态函数,解决了Ⅱ型不对称三单元逆变器在传统调制策略下存在的电流倒灌及能量反馈问题,降低了调制实现的难度,同时保证了输出电能质量。最后通过搭建直流电压比为1∶2∶4的Ⅱ型不对称三单元逆变器仿真模型及实验平台,分析并验证了所提调制策略的可行性及有效性。