Roles of Case Studies and Case Reports in US East Asian Medicine:A Narrative-Medicine Perspective

Recorded stories of the clinical encounter stretch back to ancient times.Throughout their history,these narratives have been called by different names,reflecting changes in format,function,and audience.This paper examines and explains the differences in two related forms of clinical writing as practiced by East Asian Medicine clinicians in the United States today-the case study and the case report.Each has its strengths and weaknesses;each is suited to different roles.The case study is ideal for education and the practice of narrative medicine,whereas the case report has played a vital role in propelling East Asian Medicine into the arena of modern scientific research.

Delivering Tram-Based Boulevards: Learning from Opportunities and Challenges in Three European City Case Studies

Increasing calls for zero-carbon cities invite transformative solutions for people and places within our cities around the world. Key to the transformation is cities and regions shifting in mobility away from fossil-fuel based car-oriented solutions. The paper investigates a range of case studies where “tram-based boulevards” have been planned or implemented to provide such opportunities. The case studies share a common broader policy objective: to transform the car-oriented or car-saturated areas to an intensified urban template based on a critical presence of dedicated mid-tier transit infrastructure and active transport. “Trams”, or mid-tier, mid-capacity transit when combined with Transit oriented development (TOD) along whole corridors can provide transformative pathways towards zero-carbon outcomes as well as multiple, strong urban benefits. However, many successful or instructive examples of this practice from non-English speaking countries, particularly in Europe, are underdocumented in the international literature. The paper addresses this gap by investigating opportunities and challenges evident in a range of European case studies. These are explored for insight towards policy learning particularly in New World cities seeking to transform into a zero-carbon and more transit-oriented template: How can decision-makers avoid repeating the identified pitfalls, and instead focus on emulating the successful approaches and outcomes? We conclude the need for recognition of the inherent synergies between transport and land use settings in any endeavour, and their translation into policy priorities in both fields of planning. We also conclude the importance of decision makers proactively identifying and critically appraising specific opportunities for change, concerning funding, technology, public opinion, stakeholder alliances or market dynamics, and capitalising on them at suitable moments in time.

STROBE Statement—Checklist of items that should be included in reports of case-control studies STROBE声明:病例对照研究报告写作清单①对文题、摘要、引言、方法的写作要求

Ⅰ.Title and abstract标题和摘要1(a)Indicate the study's design with acommonly used term in the title or the abstract

Periodontal disease is associated with increased coronary heart disease risk:A meta-analysis based on 38 case-control studies

AIM: To investigate whether periodontal disease(PD) is associated with increasing coronary heart disease(CHD) risk by performing a meta-analysis.METHODS: Two authors independently searched Pub Med and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to January 10 th, 2013 for relevant case-control studies that investigated the association between PD and CHD. After quality assessment using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and data extraction by two independent authors, the overall and subgroup meta-analyses were performed and publication bias were examined using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V2 software. Potential publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of the funnel plots, Egger linear regression test, and trims and fill method.RESULTS: Finally 38 relevant case-control studies were identified, involving 4950 CHD patients and 5490 controls. Eleven studies were rated low quality and 27 were high quality. Based on random-effects, a significant association was identified between PD and CHD(OR 3.79, 95%CI: 2.23-6.43, P < 0.001, I2 = 98.59%), and sensitivity analysis showed that this result was robust. Subgroup analyses according to adjusted/unadjusted ORs, source of control, methodological quality, end point, assessment of PD/CHD, and ethnicity also indicated a significant association. Publication bias was detected, and the estimated OR including the "missing" studies did not substantially differ from our estimate with adjustment for missing studies(OR 4.15, 95%CI: 2.62-6.54, P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Based on the meta-analysis, PD is probably associated with CHD risk independently and significantly.

Study design in evidence-based surgery:What is the role of case-control studies?

Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) are the gold standard in terms of study design, however, in the surgical setting conducting RCTs can often be unethical or logistically impossible. Case-control studies should become the major study design used in surgical research when RCTs are unable to be conducted and definitely replacing case series which offer little insight into surgical outcomes and disease processes.

Efficacy of Photobiomodulation for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Case Studies

Extensive research has now been conducted and published for the treatment of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other brain disorders using photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT). However, minimal information is available regarding the use of LLLT for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We have been using LLLT in our practice for over 15 years addressing chronic pain and injury issues. However, our work with brain injuries is more recent, and we have published three case studies, one describing a serious traumatic brain injury and two describing our success with dementia/Alzheimer’s disease and PTSD. Currently, there is very little published evidence regarding efficacious therapy for ADHD. The case studies presented here, suggest that LLLT can provide alleviation of these symptoms, with some improvement reported after just a single treatment, without any need for pharmaceutical intervention.

Selected elements of rock burst state assessment in case studies from the Silesian hard coal mines

Exploitation of coal seams in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin is conducted in complex and difficult conditions. These difficulties are connected with the occurrence of many natural mining hazards and limitations resulting from the existing in this area surface infrastructure. One of the most important problems of Polish mining is the rock burst hazard and reliable evaluation of its condition. During long-years’ mining practice in Poland a comprehensive system of evaluation and control of this hazard was developed. In the paper the main aspects of rock burst hazard state evaluation will be presented, comprising: 1) rock mass inclination for rock bursts, i.e., rock strength properties investigation, comprehensive parametric evaluation of rock mass inclination for rock bursts, prognosis of seismic events induced by mining operations, methods of computer-aided modelling of stress and rock mass deformation parameters distribution, strategic rock mass classification under rock burst degrees; 2) immediate seismic and rock burst hazard state evaluation, i.e., low diameter test drilling method, seismologic and seismoacoustic method, comprehensive method of rock burst hazard state evaluation, non-standard methods of evaluation; 3) legal aspects of rock burst hazard state evaluation. Selected elements of the hazard state evaluation system are illustrated with specific practical examples of their application.

The Spatial-Temporal Distribution Patterns of Dyke Swarms in Central Asia and their Tectonic Significance: Case Studies in Eastern Tianshan and Western Junggar

Dykes are a special kind of intrusive rocks which were formed by deep magma intruded into the existing brittle fractures in the crust.Dykes swarms in different tectonic environments are very significant to re-construct the

Site-specific Vulnerability Assessment for Debris Flows: Two Case Studies

Here the vulnerability is defined as the potential total maximum losses due to a debris flow damaging event for a specific debris flow fan. The vulnerability is classified into property vulnerability and population vulnerability. Assessment indexes include the assets of buildings, traffic facilities, lifeline works, personal properties, and land resources for property vulnerability; age, education, and wealth of the inhabitants, natural population growth rate, and population density for population vulnerability. The vulnerability is expressed as the sum of the transformed values of the losses of property and population. Two study cases with post-fact damages by historic debris flow events in Sichuan of SW China are presented.

Case studies in psychotherapy training using Austria as an example

BACKGROUND Case studies(CS)are relevant for the development of theoretical and practical competencies in psychotherapy.Despite rapid progress in the development of methods and principles for establishing CS in the last three decades,research into the aims of CS,especially in training,or how CS are to be conducted is rare.AIM To elucidate the form and methodology of CS,the objectives of CS used in training institutions(TI),and if/how TIs handle therapist allegiance.Also,this preliminary investigation will suggest avenues for further research and attempt to establish certain guidelines.METHODS In order to counteract researcher bias and enlarge the question-pool,a focus group was established.The recorded and transcribed text was analyzed with Mayring’s method of qualitative content analysis,and the generated categories were formulated as questions.The resulting questionnaire with both qualitative and quantitative queries was sent out(after pre-testing)to all 39 Austrian TIs that provide professional psychotherapy training.The answers and text passages received were then also categorized with qualitative content analysis.Data analysis was discussed by a peer group consisting of three psychotherapists trained in differing schools of psychotherapeutic methods.RESULTS 94%of Austrian institutes use CS as part of their psychotherapeutic training.Understanding of the term“case study”is inconsistent and has a wide variety of interpretations.CS serve mainly:(1)For observation of training/progress in therapeutic practice and knowledge/acquisition of the theory specific to each psychotherapeutic school;(2)To improve(self-)reflection capabilities;and(3)To expand theoretical knowledge.Most of the CS written are not accessible for students nor for the research community.More than two thirds of the CS take only the position of the author into account(the client’s position is not described).15.5%of the TIs do not consider researcher or therapist allegiance at all.CONCLUSION A more precise formulation of the term case study is needed in psychotherapeutic training.The training therapists play a key function,as they exemplify and teach how to deal with distorting factors.General guidelines as to how to conduct CS in training institutions would provide more direction to students,increase scientific rigor,and enhance synergistic effects.

Misconceptions and truths for feeding patients in the intensive care unit: Case studies with practical nursing solutions

The Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient published in May 2009 (joint guidelines between the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) have advanced our clinical practice for the nutritional management of critically ill patients. In the current article, we will review how to implement these guidelines using a case study model. Two mechanically ventilated and tube fed patients are discussed, one with pneumonia and the second with severe acute pancreatitis. We address the questions of the feeding timing, method of administration, and management of its complications for these two patients.

Examination of Three Case Studies of Caring for Psychiatric Patients on a Medical Surgical Unit

Medical surgical nurses frequently care for patients with psychiatric disorders as one in four people have a diagnosed psychiatric disorder. Since these nurses specialize in medical surgical nursing, they often feel they lack the expertise to care for patients with co-morbid psychiatric problems. This article presents three case studies and delineates nursing care strategies which could assist the medical-surgical nurses in caring for this population.

Regolith Geochemical Studies in Kimberlitic Terrain: A Case Study from Lattavaram Kimberlite Cluster, Eastern Dharwar Craton, Southern India

Utility of geochemistry in mineral exploration is known since more than half-a-century.In reconnaissance diamond exploration,regolith geochemistry is a well known tool worldwide and helps in distinguishing bedrock

A Study on Applications and Case Studies Regarding Bluetooth Technology for Travel Time Measurement

Bluetooth technology emerged over twenty years ago and has continuously improved throughout the years to meet diverse and complex applications. Initially invented to replace the need for physical data cables, Bluetooth offers users a quick and easy way to share data files over a wireless network. Traffic engineers and transportation engineering researchers have utilized the potential opportunities that exist with Bluetooth and have implemented this technology into traffic monitoring techniques. To gain a better understanding of Bluetooth sensors and how they work, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Twenty-five articles were studied regarding case studies of Bluetooth sensor implementation for travel time measurement. Besides reviewing the literature and previous case studies, three new case studies in the State of Delaware, USA, were also conducted and carefully analyzed. The benefits and drawbacks associated with Bluetooth technology for travel time measurements have been identified in this paper. The overall conclusion of the authors is Bluetooth alone and by itself is not a proper technology for travel time measurements. More studies need to be conducted on the accuracy and overall application, before one can confidently utilize the Bluetooth technology for travel time measurements.

Case Studies from Literature and Movies: A Best Practice for Learning

Pedagogy today has a greater need to focus on relevance for students between course content and the real world of student life and work.Educators across disciplines have found a challenge to engage students in learning activities that carry value for them.The case study is a pedagogical tool that can connect student learning to real life examples.Narratives from books and movies present characters and situations that provide opportunity for student analysis within course concepts and student application to both personal and professional experience.Students enter example experiences that they might encounter and gain insight of potential response.This qualitative study examined graduate course work with case studies in Life-span Development,Multi-cultural Counseling,and Traumatology in which students reviewed books and movies with case examples aligned with course content.The instructor provided structured analysis format in which students were required to reflect on both personal and professional application relevant to the focus of the course.Student responses indicated perception of strong value for insight and application gained from the case studies and also high perception of use of these as tools in their own future work as educators or mental health professionals.

Benefits of Dielectric Oil Regeneration Systems in Power Transmission Networks: A Case Study

The criticality of transformers and reactors in the power transmission network and the paramount importance of ensuring their reliability through maintenance of the insulating oil is known. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of the efficacy and economic viability of a dielectric oil regeneration system, as implemented by the Transmission System Maintenance Department (TSMD) of the Independent Power Transmission Operator (IPTO), Greece’s sole transmission operator. Through a detailed chemical analysis and performance evaluation, we assess the impact of the regeneration system on treated insulating oil quality over multiple cycles. The study reveals that the electrical properties of the insulating oil are fully restored after regeneration, negating the need to fully replace it, while the investment becomes cost-neutral within weeks from the commissioning of the regeneration system. This economic analysis, coupled with the system’s environmental benefits of reducing waste oil generation, positions the dielectric oil regeneration system as a compelling solution for the maintenance of power transmission assets.

Investigating the Air Quality Parameters in Louisiana’s Industrial Corridor: A Baton Rouge Case Study

In a local context, sustainable development entails utilizing the current resources—material and immaterial, measurable and immeasurable, popular and unpopular—of the community in a manner that avoids overexploitation and ensures intergenerational equity. This approach prioritizes the safety and health of local citizens, placing communal productivity above corporate profitability. This research aims to assess air quality surrounding 28 chemical industry sites in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to understand the environmental and health impacts of industrial pollutants, with a focus on environmental justice. Air quality pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, CO, and SO2, were monitored for 75 days during the Summer, using the BreezoMeter app. Python, Mapize, and QGIS software technologies were utilized for data analysis and visualization. Findings indicate a reduction in NO2 and CO levels, compared to existing literature. However, the persistent challenge of particulate matter suggests areas for further environmental management efforts. Additionally, the research suggests a significant disparity in air pollution exposure, probably affecting marginalized communities. Although the nature of the study might not fully capture annual pollution trends, the findings highlight the urgent need for the chemical industry to adopt efficient production methods and for policymakers to enhance air quality standards and enforcement, particularly in pollution-sensitive areas. The disproportionate impact of air pollution on vulnerable communities calls for a more inclusive approach to environmental justice, ensuring equitable distribution of clean air benefits and community involvement in pollution management decisions.

Marketing Strategies for Reading Promotion Activities in Academic Libraries:A Case Study of the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology

In the contemporary digital age,traditional reading habits have been compromised by digital media,a situation that has forced academic libraries to adopt proactive marketing approaches to promote reading among students and faculty.This article investigates the implementation of marketing strategies in promoting reading activities within academic libraries,taking the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology as a case study.The paper explores various marketing strategies employed by academic libraries,including market segmentation,utilization of new media platforms,and the creation of personalized content for readers.Drawing from an extensive literature review and real-world examples,the study establishes a framework for marketing reading promotion activities tailored to academic libraries.These findings underscore how effective marketing strategies can enhance user participation,expand library influence,and optimize resource utilization.

Promoting Ethical Sensitivity in Nursing Education:A Systematic Review of Case Study-Based Health Education

Introduction: Nursing ethical sensitivity refers to a nurse’s capacity for thoughtful consideration of ethical issues when faced with dilemmas. In the nursing domain, ethical dilemmas arise when nurses face challenges in making sound ethical decisions during clinical practice. These challenges may stem from conflicts between personal values and professional responsibilities. Methodology: Articles downloaded from Pub Med, CNKI, and Google Scholar were reviewed. Results: After rigorous screening, a meticulous analysis was conducted, encompassing 10 articles and involving a substantial cohort of 2863 participants. Existing literature revealed variations in the ethical dilemmas faced by nurses across different departments. The ethical sensitivity of nurses also varies, with higher ethical sensitivity correlating with stronger empathetic abilities. Zhen et al. classified the causes of ethical dilemmas into four main categories: (1) Ethical dilemmas arising from personal reasons of nursing students;(2) Ethical dilemmas stemming from the actions of teachers;(3) Ethical dilemmas triggered by patients;(4) Ethical dilemmas resulting from miscellaneous reasons. Conclusion: According to literature findings, nursing ethical sensitivity was positively linked to the nurse’s ethical decision-making ability. A case study-oriented teaching program has proven effective in enhancing ethical sensitivity among nursing students.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY STUDIES OF LENS FROM TWO CASES OF OCULAR SIDEROSIS

Cases report Case 1: A 50-year-old man was injuried by iron filings on his left eye. He was admitted to our hospital on Feb. 3, 1987. On examination, his visual acuity was 20/15 OD and 20/500 OS. Left eye: The cornea was clear, the anterior chamber depth was 3 CT, tyndall(-). Iris pattern is clear, pupil was 3.5×3.5mm. Dilated pupil examination: There were scattered brown-yellow ironrust under anterior capsule and the lens cortex had become totally opaque. Nuclear, posterior capsule and fundus can't be ...