“Flipped Classroom” Teaching Model Research: A Case Study of “Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education and Practice (Theory)”

The flipped classroom model differs significantly from the traditional classroom teaching model and offers numerous advantages. This article draws inspiration from the flipped classroom concept, using the “Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education and Practice (Theory)” course as an example to introduce the innovation and characteristics of the flipped classroom model: it is problem-oriented, addressing the “pain points” in teaching, motivating students towards “active learning,” and integrating diverse teaching methods. In the conclusion, the article proposed suggestions on the application of this model, encouraging teachers to summarize their teaching experiences, enhance their knowledge base, and foster students’ awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship.

MIXED-PHASE STRATIFORM CLOUD SYSTEM MODEL AND CASE MODELING ON TWO LOW-LEVEL MESOSCALE VORTICES

We introduced the two-parameter stratiform cloud model of Hu and Yan (1986) into the mesoscale model ofAnthes et al. (1987), and reprogramed the latter, then constructed a three-dimensional stratiform cloud system modelwhich includes three phases of water and detailed cloud physical processes. For the stability and accuracy of calculationin a larger time step, we accepted a set of hybrid-schemes for all and the time split scheme for some of the cloud physicalprocesses, and proposed a parameterized method which calculates different types of phase change processessimultaneously, and designed the falling schemes of particles following the Lagrangian method.We used a dry model, a cumulus parameterization model, a two-phase explicit scheme model, and the model pres-ented here to simulate two low-level mesoscale vortices, compared and analysed the simulating capability of these mod-els. The results show that in simulation of the circulation structure of meso-vortex, the structure of cloud system, andsurface precipitation, the model presented here is more reasonable and closer to the observations than other models.

Investigation of mechanical behaviour of a quasi-brittle material using Karagozian and Case concrete (KCC) model

The mechanical behaviour of a quasi-brittle material,i.e.Pietra Serena sandstone,was investigated both numerically and experimentally in order to build a reliable numerical modelling system applicable to more complex cases.The Karagozian and Case concrete(KCC)model was exploited as the material constitutive law and a new method to utilise this model for efficient and accurate simulation of quasibrittle materials is discussed.The capability of this model is evaluated by comparing the results of the numerical simulations with the corresponding experimental results,and the method itself is critically assessed.

A Three-Dimensional Case System Model for Programming Course

This research aims to construct a case resource library for programming course,which can be used for either teachers’teaching or students’learning.The cases cannot be simply piled up but rather require a systematic planning.The solution to this is to design a case system model.The outcome-based education(OBE)concept is adopted to guide the research,and a three-dimensional case system model matching the course objectives is designed.Under the guidance of the model,the case resource library construction is more planned.Cases based on the model can provide all-round support for the cultivation of students’ability by gradually promoting knowledge and technology,frequently exercising one’s abilities,as well as expanding diverse and innovative problems.

An Aspect-Oriented Approach for Use Case Based Modeling of Software Product Lines

Software Product Line Development advocates software reuse by modeling common and variable artefacts separately across members of a family of products. Aspect-Oriented Software Development aims at separation of concerns with “aspects” to increase modularity, reusability, maintainability and ease of evolution. In this paper, we apply an as-pect-oriented use case modeling approach to product line system modeling. A use case specification captures stake-holders concerns as interactions between a system and its actors. We adapt our previous work with the introduction of a “variability” relationship for the expression of variabilities. This relationship is used to model variable and common behaviours across a family of products as use cases. A variability composition mechanism enables building of executa-ble behaviour models for each member of a product line family by integrating common elements with the applicable variable elements.

Model-Driven Derivation of Domain Functional Requirements from Use Cases

Domain analysis is essential to core assets development in software product line engineering. Most existing approaches, however, depend on domain experts’ experience to analyze the commonality and variability of systems in a domain, which remains a manual and intensive process. This paper addresses the issue by proposing a model-driven approach to automating the domain requirements derivation process. The paper focuses on the match between the use cases of existing individual products and the domain functional requirements of a product line. By introducing a set of linguistic description dimensions to differentiate the sub-variations in a use case, the use case template is extended to model variability. To this end, a transformation process is formulated to sustain and deduce the information in use cases, and to match it to domain functional requirements. This paper also presents a prototype which implements the derivation as a model transformation described in a graphical model transformation language MOLA. This approach complements existing domain analysis techniques with less manual operation cost and more efficiency by automating the domain functional requirements development.

基于美学需求的个案护理模式对乳腺癌保乳切除术后患者心理状态和瘢痕的影响

目的:探究基于美学需求的个案护理模式对乳腺癌保乳切除术后患者心理状态和瘢痕的影响。方法:选择2019年2月-2022年2月笔者医院行乳腺癌保乳切除术的106例患者,按随机数表法分为观察组(n=53)和对照组(n=53)。对照组采用常规护理模式,观察组采用基于美学需求的个案护理模式。比较两组护理干预前后心理状态[焦虑自评量表(Selfrating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(Self-rating depression scale,SDS)、自尊量表(Rosenberg senesteem scale,RSES)]、生活质量[乳腺癌生存质量测评量表(Functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast,FACT-B)]、瘢痕[温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver scar scale,VSS)]及并发症发生情况。结果:干预后,两组的SAS、SDS均低于干预前,且观察组均低于对照组(P<0.05),而两组RSES评分高于干预前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);术后1、3、6个月,观察组的VSS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);干预后,两组的FACT-B各项评分均高于干预前,且观察组的生理状况、社会/家庭状况、情感状况、功能状况、附加关注状况均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率为22.64%,显著低于对照组的43.40%(P<0.05)。结论:基于美学需求的个案护理模式能够改善乳腺癌保乳切除患者术后心理状态,减轻术后瘢痕,并能提高患者的生活质量。

基于CasEE的电子病历医疗事件抽取模型

为解决中文电子病历文本中医疗术语难以准确识别和医疗事件发生状态难以提取的问题,提出一种基于CasEE的电子病历医疗事件抽取模型。该模型采用MC-BERT作为编码层对医学实体向量化表示,并构建分类器和提取器,用类别信息辅助抽取事件发生状态,并在模型训练阶段对数据集进行数据增强处理。实验结果显示,该模型在医疗事件抽取任务中的F1值达到了57.92%,优于传统模型,表明该模型具有良好的医疗事件抽取性能和较高的临床应用价值。

Cumulative logit model in the analysis of endometrial cancer under a matched pair case-control design

Background: Binary as well as polytomous logistic models are widely used for estimating odds ratios when the exposure of prime interest assumes unordered multiple levels under matched pairs case-control design. In our previous studies, we have shown that the use of a polytomous logistic model for estimating cumulative odds ratios when the outcome (response) variable is ordinal (in addition to being polytomous) under matched pairs case-control design. The cumulative odds ratios were estimated based on separate fitting of the model at each of the cutpoint level as compared to less than equal to that level. In this paper we propose an alternative method of estimating the cumulative odds ratios and reanalyze the Los Angeles Endometrial Cancer data in the context of dose levels of conjugated oestrogen exposure and development of endometrial cancer under the matched pair case-control design. Methods: In the present study, the cumulative logit model is fitted using a single multinomial logit model for the data. For this, the full maximum likelihood estimation procedure is adopted. A test for equality of the cumulative odds ratios across the exposure levels is proposed. Results: The analysis revealed that there is a strong evidence of risk for developing endometrial cancer due to oestrogen exposure above each of the three dose level as compared to less than equal to that level. The estimated values at the three cutpoint levels were found to be 6.17, 3.60 and 5.16 respectively. Conclusions: The odds of developing endometrial cancer are very high for the users of any amount of oestrogen, even if it is the least dose, as compared to the non-users.

ET主导的个案管理模式在肠造口患者中的应用

目的 了解新型延伸服务模式下国际伤口造口治疗师(ET)主导的个案管理模式对出院肠造口患者的影响。方法 选择2020年6月至2023年6月就诊的肠造口患者120例为研究对象,其中对照组(n=60)接受常规延续护理服务,观察组(n=60)接受ET主导的个案管理模式,实施出院后个案管理服务。干预3个月后比较2组造口患者一般自我效能感、适应水平和护理质量满意度。结果 观察组患者一般自我效能感、适应水平、对护理质量满意度均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ET主导的个案管理模式能够全方位多层次的为肠造口患者提供专业护理指导和心理情感支持,提升其一般自我效能感,提高适应水平及满意度,有利于患者整体生命质量的提升。

超深井套管卡瓦效应的拉伸极限载荷理论计算

针对新疆某油田超深井井口套管悬重过大,造成卡瓦牙对套管外壁齿入损伤,且累计损伤导致卡瓦悬挂器套管断裂失效的事故频繁,提出了“卡瓦效应的拉伸极限载荷”来评价井口卡瓦悬挂器夹持部分套管的强度设计,具体为基于第三强度理论和第四强度理论,分别建立了井口卡瓦悬挂器夹持套管的“卡瓦效应拉伸极限载荷”计算模型。计算结果表明,从安全角度评价套管强度,采用第三强度理论计算卡瓦悬挂器套管的卡瓦效应拉伸极限载荷更合理,但为更充分利用材料的力学性能,应采用第四强度理论进行评价,还得到在四通有限空间内,可以保证有较大的卡瓦效应拉伸极限载荷的最佳卡瓦半锥角为23°~25°,最佳卡瓦有效接触长度为135~145 mm。研究方法和结果将为卡瓦悬挂器井口套管的强度设计、各种安全施工作业等提供理论依据。

复杂结构井旋转下套管数学模型建立与分析

随着复杂结构井钻井技术发展,井斜角和方位角随着井深复杂变化引起常规套管下入方式难度大,旋转下套管技术可有效解决套管下入的难题,但该方面的理论模拟分析报道较少,增加了旋转下套管技术应用的盲目性和低效性。综合运用软杆和刚杆模型的优点并考虑井眼轨迹对模型计算条件影响,建立了旋转下套管数学模型;结合实例井对比了大钩载荷和模拟的轴向应力,验证了模型的正确性;在此基础上,探讨了常规和不同旋转速度下套管的摩阻,并分析了不同摩阻系数条件下的摩阻分布特征。实例分析表明:相同井深下,旋转下套管摩阻小于常规下套管摩阻,并且旋转速度越快,下套管摩阻越小;当旋转速度分别为15 r/min和20 r/min时,井底处摩阻降低幅度分别为12.13%和19.17%;造斜率越大,摩阻越高,导致套管下入到指定深度难度加大;钻井液摩阻系数越大,套管下入难度越高;在井深1 401.5 m,裸眼段摩阻系数分别为0.21和0.29,常规下套管摩阻分别为46.51 kN和57.49 kN。该模型能准确预测下套管摩阻,对复杂结构井的套管下入具有指导意义。

CBL联合心电图诊断案例库在心电图线上教学中的应用

目的:探究病例分析教学法(CBL)联合心电图诊断案例库在心电图线上教学中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年7月—2022年12月于广州中医药大学第一附属医院心电图室轮转的116名规培生为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,对照组(n=57)实行传统教学模式教学,观察组(n=59)在对照组的基础上加以CBL联合心电图诊断案例库线上教学。比较两组心电图考核成绩、学习投入度[学习投入量表(UWES-S)]、教学模式认可度。结果:观察组理论知识、操作技能、心电图分析能力评分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组UWES-S中活力、奉献、专注评分及总分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组对教学模式新颖、激发学习兴趣、加深知识点印象、提高问题解决能力、提高自主学习能力的认可度均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:CBL联合心电图诊断案例库辅助心电图线上教学可有效提高临床教学效果和学生学习投入度,教学模式认可度较高。

基于3D打印模型的案例教学方法在气管插管教学中的应用

目的探讨基于3D打印模型的案例教学方法(case-based learning,CBL)在气管插管教学中的应用效果。方法采用整群抽样方法,选取2019年1月—2022年1月在浙江省丽水市人民医院进行临床实习的温州医科大学2015级、2016级、2017级五年制临床医学专业80名学生为研究对象。采用随机数字表法,将80名学生分为试验组和对照组,每组40名学生。试验组学生采用基于3D打印模型的案例教学方法,对照组学生采用传统教学方法。教学结束后,通过理论知识、操作技能考核成绩和问卷调查结果,比较两组学生各自教学方法的实施效果。两组学生按照不同级次分批进行教学和考核。结果理论知识考核结果显示,试验组学生成绩[(45.23±2.66)分]优于对照组学生[(40.94±3.41)分],其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);操作技能考核结果显示,试验组学生成绩[(48.26±2.33)分]优于对照组学生[(42.89±3.25)分],其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。问卷调查结果显示,在学习兴趣、学习效率、主动的互动、知识掌握程度、总体教学满意度5个方面,试验组学生的评分均高于对照组学生,其差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论基于3D打印模型的案例教学方法,与传统教学方法相比,可以为学生带来全新的立体视觉感受和模拟体验,有助于提高学生的学习兴趣和效率,有助于学生将理论知识和操作技能掌握得更加牢固,教学满意度更高,值得进一步深入研究与推广应用。

基于案例引导的可靠性理论教学模式探析

常规可靠性理论教学存在重视公式推导而轻视案例分析的现状,课程教学效果不佳。文章探索用案例教学法讲授该课程知识,着重强调案例教学理念与编程实践促学的重要性。结合4个典型工程案例,如悬臂梁、海堤、基桩、板桩墙等构筑物,说明可靠性理论教学实施的步骤与方法。每个案例各有侧重,由浅入深地引出重要知识点,通过编程实践引导学生进行实例求解。基于案例启发式的教学模式可激发学生探求可靠性理论的学习热情,从而实现与专业问题相互衔接。

基于科研案例的《食品添加剂》OBE混合教学模式改革的新探索

本文以国内应用型高校典型代表东莞理工学院的食品类专业教学实践为例,针对食品添加剂课程传统教学存在的问题和限制,分析了OBE教学模式下食品添加剂课程教学目标设定、教学活动设计和学习评价与反馈机制,充分结合科研案例,深入讨论了教学改革的实施步骤和方法,以及评估实践效果和学生的反馈意见的重要性,并总结了基于食品生产实际的食品添加剂课程教学改革的优势、挑战和未来发展方向。该研究对于其他食品类课程教学改革提供了启示和借鉴,有助于培养更多具备实践意识和思维的食品类专业人才。

艺术介入乡村建设的设计竞赛与实践模式

研究艺术介入乡村建设的设计竞赛与实践案例,探究两者价值差异与融合路径,为我国乡村建设提供经验启示。多途径收集高价值竞赛与实践案例,依据社区营造切入点,从人、文、景、地、产五方面进行分类,筛选出典型案例进行深入解构,从切入点、设计手段、资源整合等层面纵向分析设计竞赛与实践案例的路径特点,横向对比二者的异同优劣。归纳得出实践与竞赛纵向的显著规律,在两者横向对比中提炼之间差异、联系及转化融合的可能方式。对现有艺术乡建设计竞赛与实践案例的分析反思,有利于探索两者未来的融合发展方向。

基于雨课堂的BOPPPS+CBL模式在儿科学教学中的应用和效果评价

目的 探讨基于雨课堂的BOPPPS+案例教学法(CBL)模式在儿科学教学中的应用价值。方法 将中山大学2019级五年制临床医学专业117名学生随机分为实验组(59人)和对照组(58人)。以儿童血液系统疾病教学为例,实验组采用基于雨课堂的BOPPPS+CBL模式,对照组采用传统的教师讲授式带教方式。教学结束后,通过比较两组学生的儿童血液系统疾病考试成绩和教学满意度问卷调查结果以评价教学效果。结果 74.6%的实验组学生按时完成所有教学环节。实验组考试总成绩明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。问卷调查提示实验组在激发学生学习兴趣、有助于理解运用理论知识、提高临床思维能力、增强师生及生生互动等方面较对照组更有优势(P<0.05)。结论 基于雨课堂的BOPPPS+CBL模式可提高教师教学水平,激发学生学习兴趣,培养学生综合能力,值得在儿科学教学中进一步推广应用。

医学影像学教学模式的现状与实践

医学影像学是临床医学中一门实践性极强辅助学科,同时也是发展迅猛,日新月异的学科,在现代医疗中扮演着越来越重要的角色。文章通过对影像医学教学的基本要求、教学目标和目的进行说明,采用影像存储和传输系统(picture archiving and communication system,PACS)结合以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)及以案例为基础的教学法(case-based learning,CBL)教学法进行实践。针对非影像专业学员学习时间短、学习任务重,学员影像基础和需求迥异,部分非影像专业学员自身对医学影像学的重视不足以及放射基地重视不足等问题。文章阐述了PACS与PBL、CBL教学法、钉钉、微信及SPARK学习平台等学习沟通平台相结合,并增加专职人员对基地管理、带教老师一对一指导,以及不断加强科室建设、安排名师上课来提高科室影响力等多种混合教学模式的解决对策,来唤起学员学习影像相关知识的内驱力,达到提高学员轮转学习效果的目的。

基于翻转课堂的案例教学在“食品标准与法规”课程中的应用

食品标准与法规课程法律条文繁多、内容抽象,为革新教学方法,提高授课效果,采用将翻转课堂与食品安全案例分析相结合,对课前、课中和课后的授课模式进行创新,并改革评价模式。结果表明,学生的上课积极性得到很大程度的提高,授课效果明显改善。