Elimination of misrun and gas hole defects of investment casting TiAl alloy turbocharger based on numerical simulation and experimental study

Casting technology of thin-wall TiAl alloy turbochargers was studied by investment casting and numerical simulation.Misruns and gas holes were the main defects observed in preliminary work due to the poor fluidity of alloy,and to gas entrapment.In order to eliminate these defects,cast parameters,such as centrifugal rotation rate and mould preheating temperature,were optimized by numerical simulation,meanwhile,the structure of the shell mould was optimized to improve the filling capacity of TiAl alloy.Pouring experiments were carried out by vacuum induction melting furnace equipped with a water-cooled copper crucible based on the above optimization.The quality of the TiAl alloy casting was analyzed by fluorescent penetrant inspection and X-ray detection.The results show that a centrifugal rotation rate of 200 rpm,mould preheating temperature of 600°C,shell preparation through organic fiber addition can dramatically improve the mould filling capacity,and integrated turbochargers were finally prepared.

Study on typical hole defects in AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by low pressure lost foam casting

The hole defects can easily occur in magnesium alloy castings that are prepared by low pressure lost foam casting(LP-LFC)process when the process parameters such as vacuum,pouring temperature and f illing velocity are not properly selected.In this study,the forming mechanism of the hole defects in AZ91D magnesium castings by LP-LFC process was investigated.The shape,location and surface appearance of the hole defects were observed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,and the chemical composition on the surface of the holes was analyzed using energy spectrometer.The result indicates that there are two types of hole defects,i.e.,the pyrolysis products related hole defects,including concentrative hole and blow hole defects,and slag related hole defects.The concentrative hole and the blow-hole defects were formed either by the liquidEPS degradation products entrapped in the molten metal under the condition that the pouring temperature is equal to or lower than 730℃,or by the hindered transport of EPS pyrolysis products.Some irregular shape hole defects were caused by slag or by coating slough entrapment when the pouring temperature is equal to 750℃and the f illing velocity is equal to or greater than 100 mm·s-1.To reduce or eliminate the hole defects,the vacuum and f illing velocity must be properly chosen to ensure that the metal front prof ile exhibits convex shape and in laminar current state,and the pouring temperature should be just high enough to ensure that the molten melt has adequate heat energy to complete the foam pyrolysis and to fully occupy the mould.For AZ91D magnesium castings in this study,the parameters should be 730℃pouring temperature,0.02-0.03 MPa vacuum and 80mm·s-1f illing velocity.

基于AnyCasting大型薄壁鞍座铸造工艺优化

针对大型薄壁铸件鞍座铸造过程中易产生缩松、缩孔缺陷等问题,基于AnyCasting模拟软件对鞍座的充型和凝固过程进行了模拟。根据模拟结果分析缩松、缩孔缺陷的位置分布,发现铸件内部有缩松、缩孔现象产生,并通过实际浇注试验对比缺陷位置以验证模拟结果的可信性。采用在热节位置添加内冷铁的改进方案,结果表明,原缺陷产生位置在凝固过程中优先凝固,消除了缩松、缩孔缺陷,为类似薄壁铸件实际生产提供相应指导。

Impact analysis of casting parts considering shrinkage cavity defect

Shrinkage cavity may be detrimental to mechanical performances of casting parts.As a consequence,design engineers often use overly large safety factors in many designs due to insufficient understanding of quantitative effects of shrinkage cavity defects.In this paper,process of Al alloy wheel impact test was computationally analyzed for both the wheel models with and without shrinkage cavity defects.Based on shrinkage cavity data obtained from industrial CT (Computerized Tomography),the shrinkage cavity defects were modeled with SSM (Shape Simplification Method),which reconstructs shrinkage cavity defects to hollow spheroid primitives.After the impact simulation was conducted,the results show that under impact test condition,the wheel considering shrinkage cavity defects may fracture while the sound-assumed wheel may not.

Quantitative evaluation of die casting surface defect severity by analyzing surface height

It is necessary in factories to assess the severity of the surface defects of castings, as a slight surface defect will be taken as qualified when it brings no bad effect or it can be removed by the subsequent processing. In practical production, professional technicians visually inspect the surface defect severity according to their individual experience. Therefore, it is difficult for them to maintain the same standard and accuracy in the subjective, tedious and labor-intensive work. Recently, image processing techniques based on optical images have been applied to achieve better accuracy and high efficiency. Unfortunately, optical images cannot directly quantify surface depth, which works as a crucial factor in the practical assessment of surface defect severity. The surface roughness evaluation algorithm, which takes into account of both area and depth information of the assessed surface, was applied to directly characterize surface defect severity based on surface asperity rather than optical image. The results using standard casting pieces show that surface defect severity has no apparent dependence on surface roughness. However, the subsequent results show that the root-mean-squared-deviation(RMSD) of surface gradient of flow line defects positively correlates with the increase of defect severity. The other types of defect do not present such tendency. Thus, practical workpieces with flow line defects on the surface were used to verify the universality of this tendency. The results show that surface roughness of an unqualified workpiece is larger than that of a qualified workpiece after surface slope adjustment, but presents no obvious coincidence before the adjustment. In contrast, the RMSD of an unqualified workpiece, no matter before or after the adjustment, is larger than that of a qualified one.

A Mathematical Model for Predicting Shrinkage Defect of Ductile Iron Castings

The shrinkage defect of a ductile iron casting is attributed to the volume variations occurring in solidification, which consist of liquid contraction, solidification shrinkage, graphitization expansion, and mold cavity enlargement. Based on this understanding, a mathematical model for predicting the shrinkage defect of the casting is developed, in which the volume variations of the casting in soli- dification are numerically simulated, especially, the mold cavity enlargement is quantitatively calculated. Moreover, the reliability of the model is verified in production and experiment.

ZG20SiMn铸钢摇臂壳体铸造过程数值仿真及工艺优化

摇臂壳体是采煤机的重要组成部件,具有多级壁厚、变截面等异形特征。为提高采煤机摇臂壳体铸造质量,解决因铸造工艺不成熟导致的缩松、缩孔等缺陷问题。以MG325型采煤机摇臂壳体为研究对象,设计顶注式和底注式两种铸造工艺方案,采用ProCAST软件探究不同浇注工艺方案下摇臂壳体铸件充型及凝固过程,分析铸件温度场、凝固场及缩松、缩孔铸造缺陷位置。基于Niyama判据和应力场分布对底注式铸造工艺方案进行优化。结果表明:优化后摇臂壳体铸件在凝固冷却过程中保持温度梯度递增,促进铸件实现顺序凝固,铸件缺陷率明显降低且充型效果更佳,缩孔体积仅占摇臂壳体体积的0.0049%,电机孔薄壁端面应力优化量为38.47%,输出端孔处应力优化量达到91.08%。本文研究成果为采煤机摇臂壳体的铸造工艺提供了理论基础和数据支撑。

改进水平集协同FLICM的汽车零部件表面缺陷识别

针对汽车机械零部件中检测效率低、误检率高等瓶颈问题,提出了一种结合图像处理技术的方法。基于汽车副车架表面结构复杂以及缺陷异形等特征,首先通过小波邻域收缩去噪和多尺度增强算法对零件图像进行预处理,再通过水平集函数初步定位缺陷区域,最后结合空间模糊聚类进一步精确定位缺陷区域,达到对零件表面缺陷识别的目的。对工件表面划伤、压痕、气孔三种缺陷进行检测。实验结果表明:该算法相对于其它两种算法的检测率分别93.3%、86%和90%,具有较高的检测成功率。为后续缺陷零部件分类奠定良好的基础且可以满足工业检测要求。

基于双向加权特征融合网络的铸件内部缺陷检测方法

针对X射线无损探伤过程中铸件内部缺陷小、对比度弱、人工识别效率低等问题,提出了一种基于双向加权特征融合网络的铸件内部缺陷检测方法。在YOLOv5网络模型基础上引入改进的坐标注意力模块(NCA),以提高网络对不规则缺陷和小缺陷的学习能力;引入双向特征金字塔网络(BiFPN)代替原有路径聚合网络(PANet),以实现缺陷特征多尺度高效融合,并使用EIoU Loss回归损失函数提高缺陷边界框定位的精度。试验结果表明,本文所提方法对铸件内部小目标、弱对比度缺陷具有良好的检测性能。

6082铝合金汽车法兰挤压铸造数值模拟及试验验证

对挤压铸造6082铝合金汽车法兰件进行了不同挤压铸造工艺参数的数值模拟,并预测了缩松缩孔缺陷产生的位置。结果表明:各参数下的汽车法兰件充型完整,保压过程中由于三个凸台对应的部位壁厚大,该处最后凝固;保压结束后,模具承压部位温度明显高于其他部位,温度分布表现出不均匀性,在实际压铸过程中应当注意防护以免模具损伤。缩孔缩松位置主要出现在三个凸台对应的厚壁位置,与温度场结果一致。成形试验获得了优良的铸件,表明数值模拟结果准确、可靠。

基于无监督学习的连铸铸坯缺陷检测方法

铸坯在连铸过程中受温度分布不均、流动速度不稳等多种因素的影响,容易出现各种表面和内部缺陷,如疏松、偏析、缩孔、裂纹、气泡、夹杂等。这些缺陷不仅影响产品的外观和性能,还可能对工程结构的安全性产生潜在威胁。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于无监督学习的连铸铸坯缺陷检测方法,该方法利用图像频域处理技术和深度学习算法学习连铸铸坯正常样本的图像特征,通过图像重建方式自动检测铸坯图像中的缺陷。首先,通过频率解耦模块对铸坯图像进行图像频率分离,得到铸坯的低频图像与高频图像。然后,采用带有自监督预测卷积注意模块的生成器网络集合,分别重建低频图像和高频图像。最后,通过判别器网络对铸坯的原始图像与重建图像进行判定,以确定铸坯图像中是否包含缺陷。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效检测连铸铸坯的缺陷,具有较高的准确性和可靠性,可为提高连铸产品质量和生产效率提供有力支持。

基于ProCAST的大型薄壁机匣件整体熔模铸造工艺研究

为了实现大型薄壁机匣件的整体熔模铸造和获得高质量的铸件,运用ProCAST软件对一种大型薄壁机匣件的整体熔模铸造工艺方案进行数值模拟,通过对充型、凝固过程以及温度场分布的分析,发现浇注后的铸件在内、外环侧面及支板的根部易出现缩孔、缩松缺陷。经过优化设计,通过采取在浇注系统浇冒口处包裹保温毡和提高型壳预热温度等措施,较好地避免了上述铸造缺陷的产生,提高了成品率,获得了较高致密度的机匣铸件。

液力变矩器叶轮重力铸造和低压铸造工艺对比与验证

以某型铸造型液力变矩器为研究对象,对比其重力铸造和低压铸造两种常用铸造方式的成型质量。应用铸造工艺仿真软件ProCAST进行了充液和凝固过程的仿真及铸造缺陷的评估及对比分析。在此基础上,将预测的缺陷与实际浇铸产品射线无损探伤结果进行对比验证。结果表明,相比于重力铸造,低压铸造可以通过调整压力实现对液流充型过程的控制,使得充型平稳、顺序凝固、补缩动力增强,提高液力变矩器的力学性能。实际浇铸及探伤结果表明,铸造仿真可以较好地预测缺陷种类及分布,为铸造工艺改进提供有效指导。

基于Procast软件的熔模铸造计算机模拟

介绍了Procast软件在熔模铸造中的一些应用实例,应用表明铸造模拟软件Procast能够预测熔模精密铸件在充型凝固过程中可能产生的缺陷,从而辅助工艺人员进行工艺优化,指导实际熔模精密铸件生产。采用的模拟方法和步骤对其它铸造工艺的确定有借鉴作用。

高成材率钢锭缺陷控制技术及其研究进展

钢锭凝固过程中将不可避免地产生各类缺陷,严重制约了钢锭成材率,直接影响后续加工工艺和最终产品质量。抑制缺陷形成、探索创新并有效改进模铸工艺对提高钢锭成材率具有重要意义。通过探讨和分析关于提高钢锭成材率的研究现状和最新进展,包括锭型设计、工艺参数优化、先进铸造技术等,展望了多相流动控制、微观结构调控和冷却速率精准管理等未来模铸与凝固技术研究发展方向,为实现高成材率钢锭的稳定生产提供了合理化建议。

基于混凝土水化热的灌注桩成桩质量评价方法及应用

针对如何基于灌注桩水化热温度场准确评价桩身质量的问题,利用与桩身横截面中心径向距离大于0.5倍桩半径范围内,混凝土水化热温度随径向距离的变化近似线性的特征,建立根据钢筋笼上对称两测点的水化热温度计算钢筋笼偏位的方法。结合缺陷灌注桩的水化热仿真分析,系统分析缺陷几何特征和热工参数变化对灌注桩水化热温度场的影响规律,提出根据沿钢筋笼主筋布置水化热温度测点获得的温度-深度曲线特征,判断缺陷存在并分析缺陷空间分布位置的方法。结合现场试验及与低应变、跨孔超声波检测结果的对比,验证了该方法的可行性。

基于ProCAST球铁支架铸造过程数值模拟

采用ProCAST软件对有多条筋的球铁支架铸件的充型和凝固过程进行模拟分析,预测了缩孔、缩松等铸造缺陷出现的位置,与实际样品缺陷位置基本一致。根据模拟分析的结果采取在铸件两个侧筋上加压边冒口、减少表面筋的数量、调整浇注系统等措施修改工艺。经实际样品的验证,得到了质量满意的铸件。

基于ProCAST转K6摇枕数值模拟及工艺优化

分析了转K6摇枕的结构及技术指标,根据其技术要求,初步设计出浇注系统。采用铸造模拟软件ProCAST对转K6摇枕的铸造充型和凝固过程进行了数值模拟。通过模拟结果的分析,预测其铸造缺陷,进而改进铸造工艺,达到工艺优化的目的。

基于华铸CAE的铸造充型过程卷气缺陷定量预测研究

目的针对目前单向流数值模拟软件无法模拟卷入金属液中的气体及其演变情况的问题,开展铸造充型过程卷气缺陷定量预测研究,开发基于华铸CAE的卷气定量预测系统,深入理解铸造卷气缺陷的形成原理与运动机理,准确预测金属充型过程中的卷气量和卷气造成的气孔缺陷,为生产实践提供指导。方法提出了一种金属充型过程卷入气体搜寻与追踪算法,将卷入金属液中未经考虑的气体进行保留,从而修正单向流系统,并基于此开发了卷气定量预测系统,并对该系统进行了验证。结果应用该系统后,原本未经考虑而消失的孤立气泡被保留下来以便进行后续计算,对液体体积进行了再分配,保证修改前后液体体积守恒,并修正了金属液速度,实现了卷气定量预测系统的基本功能。结论开发的卷气定量预测系统能够考虑到卷入金属液中的气体,并对气体做出定量预测,实现金属充型过程中气孔缺陷的定量预测,对生产实践中的工艺优化有一定的指导作用。

基于ProCAST的镁合金惯组支架砂型铸造工艺研究

为实现镁合金惯组支架的高效率、高质量研制,使用ProCAST软件仿真优化ZM5镁合金惯组支架铸造工艺。通过对充型、凝固过程进行分析,发现铸件内部的3条薄壁筋板易出现浇不足、冷隔缺陷,圆弧面内侧厚壁筋条易出现缩孔、缩松等缺陷。经过优化设计,通过采取增加薄壁筋板厚度、调整内浇道位置、改变厚壁筋板上侧冒口结构等措施,较好地避免了上述铸造缺陷的产生,获得了合格的支架铸件。数值模拟仿真技术可应用于绝大多数航天构件的铸造过程分析,实现构件快速研制。