Foundry technology and its applications of ductile iron castings produced by water-cooled copper alloy Mold

The high efficiency mechanized foundry technology of castings produced by using water-cooled copper alloy permanent mold has been systematically studied. Through the researching a Cu-Cr-Mg alloy with high conductivity and good combined mechanical properties used for making permanent mold was developed, and the basic design principles of the water-cooled permanent mold along with the control-range of relevant foundry processing parameters were also established. A cast production line equipped with water-cooled copper alloy mold was designed and fabricated for production of ductile iron automobile gear castings, This production line can consistently make automobile gear castJngs Jn QT500-15 and QT600-5 (Chinese Standard) grades of ductile iron with up to 95% casting success rate.

Shrinkage Behaviour of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron in Green and Dry Sand Molds for the Benchmarking of Solidification Simulation

The effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroidal graphite cast iron have been studied, considering the parameters of carbon equivalent, inoculation, casting modulus, mold type (green or dry) and pouring temperature within specific ranges of these variables. Based on the orthogonal experiments, the metallurgical and processing parameters of the minimum casting shrinkage and the maximum casting shrinkage were obtained, and the effects of metallurgical and processing parameters on the formation of shrinkage cavities and porosities in spheroids graphite cast iron castings were discussed. Finally, two regression equations relating these variables to the formation of shrinkage porosity were derived based upon the orthogonal experiments conducted.

Microstructure of coupled Al/gray cast iron obtained by molding and its effect on mass loss

This study aims to consolidate the surface of gray cast iron with aluminum deposition by developing a method that combines the preparation and surface treatment in a single operation. The effect of the wall thickness of the castings on the microstructure of the formed layers was studied, and two thicknesses, 8 mm and 25 mm, were studied. The formation of a continuous and homogeneous rich aluminum layer on the surface of the cast iron was observed. The formed layer is composed of two successive zones identified as two proeutectoid phases FeAl+FeAl/FeAl2 and single-phase FeAl, which significantly increases the surface hardness. Furthermore, this change in surface composition makes it possible to reduce the mass of the immersed samples in a 1 M hydrochloric acid solution during different exposure times(1 to 4 days). Consequently, a clear improvement in the corrosion resistance of the treated layers is highlighted.

Application of 3-D numerical simulation software SRIFCAST to produce ductile iron castings

Based on a method using numerical simulation equations and their solution schemes for liquid metal flows andheat transfer during mold filling and the solidification process of casting, 3-D numerical simulation software SRIFCAST wascreated. This includes enmeshment of casting; velocity and temperature fields calculation; displaying iso-temperature lines;velocity vectors and 3-D temperature fields on a Windows 9x operating system. SRIFCAST was applied to produce soundcastings of automobile and diesel engines, and also to connect with microstructure simulation for ductile iron castings.

A Mathematical Model for Predicting Shrinkage Defect of Ductile Iron Castings

The shrinkage defect of a ductile iron casting is attributed to the volume variations occurring in solidification, which consist of liquid contraction, solidification shrinkage, graphitization expansion, and mold cavity enlargement. Based on this understanding, a mathematical model for predicting the shrinkage defect of the casting is developed, in which the volume variations of the casting in soli- dification are numerically simulated, especially, the mold cavity enlargement is quantitatively calculated. Moreover, the reliability of the model is verified in production and experiment.

覆砂铁型工艺生产制动鼓的过程质量控制

介绍了使用覆砂铁型铸造工艺生产汽车制动鼓铸件的优缺点,详细阐述了覆砂铁型铸造生产线各工序过程质量控制要点,列举了多种覆砂铁型铸造生产线生产的汽车制动鼓铸件的铸造缺陷,对缺陷产生的原因进行了初步分析并制定了相应的防止措施。最后指出:细节决定质量,生产中要严格控制原材料质量、操作质量、过程参数以及工艺细节制定等内容,从而获得稳定的高质量铸件。

CAE技术结合测温试验在树脂砂实型铸造中的应用

在呋喃树脂砂实型铸造的基础上,通过对铸件凝固过程中铸件—型砂界面处测温得到温度变化曲线,结合ADSTEFAN数值模拟软件的反算功能优化热物性参数,并验证其在实际生产中的有效性,以达到提高CAE计算精度的目的,为铸造工艺优化提供更精准的参考依据。其次用数值分析软件拟合出温度曲线及函数表达式,可以探究实际生产条件下厚大断面铸件的温度变化曲线特征以及本体金相状态与冷却速率之间的关系,为铸件局部位置提升珠光体含量的研究提供参考和新思路。

冷冻砂型对铸铁合金凝固行为及组织性能影响规律研究

采用冷冻砂型铸造铸铁合金,界面换热系数是反映冷冻砂型与铸铁合金换热程度的重要参数,对于分析铸铁合金组织性能具有重要意义。研究测定了合金的界面接触温度随时间的变化规律,在此基础上分析了界面换热特征,获得了界面换热系数随初始界面温度变化的函数式,同时分析了冷冻砂型中铸件凝固的铸态微观组织及力学性能。结果表明:界面换热系数随着冷冻砂型初始温度的增加而降低,随含水率的减少而升高。当含水率为6%(质量分数,下同)时,在-35℃、-30℃、-25℃初始冷冻温度条件下,铸型铸件界面换热系数峰值分别是195663W/(m^(2)·K)、147933W/(m^(2)·K)、120836W/(m^(2)·K);当含水率为5%时,在-35℃、-30℃、-25℃初始冷冻温度条件下,铸型铸件界面换热系数峰值分别是209257W/(m^(2)·K)、176878W/(m^(2)·K)、134472W/(m^(2)·K)。相同含水率下初始冷冻温度越低,珠光体晶粒越细,石墨化程度越高,抗拉强度也越高。

消失模铸造球墨铸铁减速机壳体皱皮及缩孔缺陷研究

消失模铸造生产的球墨铸铁减速机壳体,在生产过程表面出现了皱皮和缩孔缺陷。通过优化浇注系统,由顶注式改为底注式,有效减少了浇注过程铁液的紊流,解决了减速机壳体表面皱皮;探索出散热新工艺,解决了铸件热节区域的缩孔缺陷。试验结果表明,浇注系统改为底注后彻底解决了铸件表面皱皮缺陷;散热新工艺解决了缩孔缺陷,并且工艺简单,工艺出品率高。

铁型覆砂灰铸铁件氮气孔缺陷分析与改善措施

针对铁型覆砂铸造工艺生产灰铸铁件时产生的氮气孔缺陷,通过使用EDS能谱仪对氮气孔缺陷进行定性和定量分析,并结合铸件生产工艺对氮气孔的形成原因进行分析,通过在原材料上更换覆膜砂、提高新砂加入量、分开管理壳型线和铁型线回用砂,生产工艺上采取增加排气塞和提高铁型温度、固化时间、浇注温度等措施降低缺陷风险。改进后的工艺连续生产超过10万件产品,未再出现氮气孔缺陷。

铁-球墨系金属抗铝热熔损性能及腐蚀机理研究

以经孕育/球化处理、石墨球密度数可调的铁-球墨系金属为研究对象,借助扫描电子显微镜、超声热熔损失重等分析手段,系统研究了不同球墨密度对铁-球墨系金属热熔损性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着球墨密度的增大,铁-球墨系金属热熔损失质量逐渐下降,铁-球墨系金属的抗铝液腐蚀性能与H13钢相比有明显的提升。铁-球墨系金属浸铝热熔损试验后,Fe-Al反应生成物层的厚度与球墨密度成反比,间距小、大比表面积的石墨球阻碍铝液与基体接触和铝液的扩散,从而抑制熔融铝液对基体的腐蚀。铁-球墨系金属表现出更优异的抗铝熔体腐蚀性能。

梯度石墨铸铁玻璃模具液态模锻模拟与仿真

为解决传统砂型铸铁玻璃模具铸件工艺出品率低、缩孔缩松等问题,采用液态模锻工艺成型,通过不同的冷却条件实现铸件石墨形态呈梯度分布。利用Procast对液态模锻过程的温度场和凝固场模拟,对缩孔缩松缺陷进行了预测,对浇注温度、冷却方式、浇口尺寸等关键工艺参数进行了调整优化,并根据热分析观点对铸件不同部位组织进行预测。结果表明,液态模锻可以有效减少缩孔缩松等铸造缺陷。

高强韧珠光体球墨铸铁的研究

在球墨铸铁成分优化基础上,用万能材料试验机、布氏硬度计和金相分析显微镜研究了球墨铸铁经多元合金化、型内孕育处理和等温正火后的组织和和性能。结果表明:经Cu、Mo、Sb多元合金化和型内孕育处理的球墨铸铁,其铸态和等温正火处理后的组织明显改善,共晶团数目增加,基体组织细化,石墨球形态圆整、细小,珠光体数量增多,比例均大于90%,力学性能显著提高。与未合金化的球墨铸铁比,Cu,Mo,Sb多元合金化的球墨铸铁,其铸态和等温正火处理后的屈服强度R_(0.2)、抗拉强度R_(m)和硬度HB分别提高了25%、20%,47%、17%,41%、11%,达到502、620 MPa,811、975 MPa,256HB、298HB,伸长率A均大于6%。

陶瓷颗粒增强铁基表面复合材料的研究进展与展望

研发长寿命、轻量化锭模是硅铁企业实现机械自动化浇铸的关键。陶瓷表面层铁基复合材料具有金属材料和陶瓷的双重优点,是实现硅铁锭模寿命倍增和轻量化的有效途径。本文综述了陶瓷颗粒增强铁基复合材料可行的工业化制备工艺及其性能,介绍了几种重要的陶瓷颗粒增强体,并给出了选取原则。基于陶瓷/灰铸铁复合锭模对硅铁液的优良抗熔损性,概述了其制备方法,并提出未来的研究重点。

圆盘浇铸机清洁浇铸铜阳极板

浇铸机是铜冶炼企业的重要工艺设备,浇铸机的作用就是将阳极炉的高温熔融铜水浇铸成符合电解标准的铜阳极板。常规圆盘浇铸机由定量浇铸系统、圆盘驱动系统、喷淋喷涂系统、废模处理系统、水槽驱动系统、顶板取板系统等六大子系统组成。不需喷涂脱模剂的浇铸,属于清洁浇铸。大冶铜冶炼企业,创新思路,利用现有圆盘浇铸机,选用特制的新型铸铁模,采取加大喷淋冷却强度、改进喷淋冷却方式、控制铜水浇铸温度等配套措施,在取消脱模剂喷涂系统的情况下,成功实现了不需喷涂脱模剂的清洁浇铸。

蠕墨铸铁V型缸体铸造工艺开发与试制

基于V型缸体产品结构和铸造工艺的复杂性,采取包型立浇工艺方案,通过CAE模拟分析及进一步优化,采用3D打印砂型、整体组芯的造型工艺,样件试制一次成功,产品质量满足技术要求,为该产品量产工艺、正式工装的开发提供参考。

大口径水冷金属型球墨铸铁管椭圆控制研究

针对在用水冷金属型生产中大口径球墨铸铁管时容易产生椭圆缺陷问题。从铁水成分、离心机浇注工艺和退火炉退火控制多个方面分析了椭圆管产生的原因,以及相对应的椭圆缺陷控制措施,以期对椭圆管的控制形成一个规范性的指导意见。

WL1600系列箱体铸造工艺改进

针对HT250材质WL1600系列箱体铸件加工后分型面芯撑柱痕和气孔缺陷问题进行分析,认为铸件结构复杂、造型时在腔体内放置芯撑、浇注过程中铁液流程长是造成缺陷的根本原因。通过采用将分型面从上平面调整到侧面、在铸件腔体内增加?100 mm圆孔,保证铸型排气通畅,使铁液充型平稳等措施,获得了满足要求的合格铸件。

Surface Graphite Degeneration in Ductile Iron Castings for Resin Molds

The objective of this paper is to review the factors influencing the formation of degenerated graphite layers on the surfaces of ductile iron castings for chemical resins-acid molding and core-making systems and how to reduce this defect. In the resin mold technique the sulphur in the P-toluol sulphonic acid （PTSA）, usually used as the hardener, has been identified as one factor causing graphite degeneration at the metalmold interface. Less than 0.15% S in the mold （or even less than 0.07% S） can reduce the surface layer depth. Oxygen may also have an effect, especially for sulphur containing systems with turbulent flows in the mold, water-bearing no-bake binder systems, Mg-Silica reactions, or dross formation conditions. Despite the lower level of nitrogen in the iron melt after magnesium treatment （less than 90 ppm）, nitrogen bearing resins have a profound effect on the frequency and severity of surface pinholes, but a limited influence on surface graphite degeneration.

铁型覆砂球墨铸铁曲轴冷隔缺陷的工艺改进

针对铁型覆砂曲轴下箱冷隔缺陷进行了分析,认为铁液浇注温度低、浇注速度慢、浇注时断流、浇注系统设计不合理等是形成冷隔缺陷的原因。通过设计浇注包“U”型浇包嘴,包衬改用保温材料,改进浇口杯与浇口窝形状,减少球化剂、孕育剂的加入量,提高浇注温度等措施减少缺陷。改进后铸件冷隔废品率由0.27%降低到0.1%以下。