The main objective of this research is to integrate environmental impact optimization in the structural design of reinforced concrete slab frame bridges in order to determine the most environment-friendly design. The ...The main objective of this research is to integrate environmental impact optimization in the structural design of reinforced concrete slab frame bridges in order to determine the most environment-friendly design. The case study bridge used in this work was also investigated in a previous paper focusing on the optimization of the investment cost, while the present study focuses on environmental impact optimization and comparing the results of both these studies. Optimization technique based on the pattern search method was implemented. Moreover, a comprehensive LCA （life cycle assessment） methodology of ReCiPe and two monetary weighting systems were used to convert environmental impacts into monetary costs. The analysis showed that both monetary weighting systems led to the same results. Furthermore, optimization based on environmental impact generated models with thinner construction elements yet of a higher concrete class, while cost optimization by considering extra constructability factors provided thicker sections and easier to construct. This dissimilarity in the results highlights the importance of combining environmental impact （and its associated environmental cost） and investment cost to find more material-efficient, economical, sustainable and time-effective bridge solutions.展开更多
The present study investigates computer-antomated design and structural optimization of concrete slab frame bridges considering investment cost based on a complete 3D model. Thus, a computer code with several modules ...The present study investigates computer-antomated design and structural optimization of concrete slab frame bridges considering investment cost based on a complete 3D model. Thus, a computer code with several modules has been developed to produce parametric models of slab frame bridges. Design loads and load combinations are based on the Eurocode design standard and the Swedish design standard for bridges. The necessary reinforcement diagrams to satisfy the ultimate and serviceability limit states, including fatigue checks for the whole bridge, are calculated according to the aforementioned standards. Optimization techniques based on the genetic algorithm and the pattern search method are applied. A case study is presented to highlight the efficiency of the applied optimization algorithms. This methodology has been applied in the design process for the time-effective, material-efficient, and optimal design of concrete slab frame bridges.展开更多
This paper provides a review on the development of structural monitoring in Japan, with an emphasis on the type, strategy, and utilization of monitoring systems. The review focuses on bridge and building structures us...This paper provides a review on the development of structural monitoring in Japan, with an emphasis on the type, strategy, and utilization of monitoring systems. The review focuses on bridge and building structures using vibration-based techniques. Structural monitoring systems in Japan historically started with the objective of evaluating structural responses against extreme events. In the development of structural monitoring, monitoring systems and collected data were used to verify design assumptions, update speci cations, and facilitate the ef cacy of vibration control systems. Strategies and case studies on monitoring for the design veri cation of long-span bridges and tall buildings, the performance of seismic isolation systems in building and bridges, the veri cation of structural retro t, the veri cation of structural control systems (passive, semi-active, and active), structural assessment, and damage detec- tion are described. More recently, the application of monitoring systems has been extended to facilitate ef cient operation and effective maintenance through the rationalization of risk and asset management using monitoring data. This paper also summarizes the lessons learned and feedback obtained from case studies on the structural monitoring of bridges and buildings in Japan.展开更多
Mechanical behavior of concrete slab of large-span through tied-arch composite bridge was investigated by finite element analysis (FEA). Improved methods to decrease concrete stresses were discussed based on compariso...Mechanical behavior of concrete slab of large-span through tied-arch composite bridge was investigated by finite element analysis (FEA). Improved methods to decrease concrete stresses were discussed based on comparisons of different deck schemes, construction sequences and measures, and ratios of reinforcement. The results show that the mechanical behavior of concrete slab gets worse with the increase of composite regions between steel beams and concrete slab. The deck scheme with the minimum composite region is recommended on condition that both strength and stiffness of the bridge meet design demands under service loads. Adopting in-situ-place construction method, concrete is suggested to be cast after removing the full-supported frameworks under the bridge. Thus, the axial tensile force of concrete slab caused by the first stage dead load is eliminated. Preloading the bridge before concrete casting and removing the load after the concrete reaching its design strength, the stresses of concrete slab caused by the second stage dead load and live load are further reduced or even eliminated. At last, with a high ratio of reinforcement more than 3%, the concrete stresses decrease obviously.展开更多
为实现板梁桥铰接缝损伤的定量定位识别,提出了一种基于递归奇异能量指标的损伤识别方法:首先将待测桥梁各相邻梁体的竖向冲击振动响应进行交叉递归分析并得到无阈值交叉递归矩阵,其次对各递归矩阵进行奇异值分解以进一步提取损伤特征,...为实现板梁桥铰接缝损伤的定量定位识别,提出了一种基于递归奇异能量指标的损伤识别方法:首先将待测桥梁各相邻梁体的竖向冲击振动响应进行交叉递归分析并得到无阈值交叉递归矩阵,其次对各递归矩阵进行奇异值分解以进一步提取损伤特征,最后对奇异值求取能量(递归奇异能量指标(recurrence singular energy index,RSEI)),进一步建立了基于该指标的铰接缝损伤识别方法,并对其适用性进行了分析。结果表明:RSEI指标对板梁桥铰接缝损伤较为敏感,所提方法仅在板梁桥跨中布置一排传感器即可实现铰接缝平均损伤程度的定量识别,并可实现损伤铰缝的定位,识别效果良好;铰接缝损伤位置、损伤个数及噪声对识别结果的影响极小,冲击位置会对识别结果造成一定影响,但识别效果在可接受的范围之内;应用RSEI指标开展板梁桥铰接缝损伤识别时,建议将冲击位置设在边梁跨中,可避免冲击位置对识别结果造成的影响,取得更加理想的识别效果。展开更多
文摘The main objective of this research is to integrate environmental impact optimization in the structural design of reinforced concrete slab frame bridges in order to determine the most environment-friendly design. The case study bridge used in this work was also investigated in a previous paper focusing on the optimization of the investment cost, while the present study focuses on environmental impact optimization and comparing the results of both these studies. Optimization technique based on the pattern search method was implemented. Moreover, a comprehensive LCA （life cycle assessment） methodology of ReCiPe and two monetary weighting systems were used to convert environmental impacts into monetary costs. The analysis showed that both monetary weighting systems led to the same results. Furthermore, optimization based on environmental impact generated models with thinner construction elements yet of a higher concrete class, while cost optimization by considering extra constructability factors provided thicker sections and easier to construct. This dissimilarity in the results highlights the importance of combining environmental impact （and its associated environmental cost） and investment cost to find more material-efficient, economical, sustainable and time-effective bridge solutions.
文摘The present study investigates computer-antomated design and structural optimization of concrete slab frame bridges considering investment cost based on a complete 3D model. Thus, a computer code with several modules has been developed to produce parametric models of slab frame bridges. Design loads and load combinations are based on the Eurocode design standard and the Swedish design standard for bridges. The necessary reinforcement diagrams to satisfy the ultimate and serviceability limit states, including fatigue checks for the whole bridge, are calculated according to the aforementioned standards. Optimization techniques based on the genetic algorithm and the pattern search method are applied. A case study is presented to highlight the efficiency of the applied optimization algorithms. This methodology has been applied in the design process for the time-effective, material-efficient, and optimal design of concrete slab frame bridges.
文摘This paper provides a review on the development of structural monitoring in Japan, with an emphasis on the type, strategy, and utilization of monitoring systems. The review focuses on bridge and building structures using vibration-based techniques. Structural monitoring systems in Japan historically started with the objective of evaluating structural responses against extreme events. In the development of structural monitoring, monitoring systems and collected data were used to verify design assumptions, update speci cations, and facilitate the ef cacy of vibration control systems. Strategies and case studies on monitoring for the design veri cation of long-span bridges and tall buildings, the performance of seismic isolation systems in building and bridges, the veri cation of structural retro t, the veri cation of structural control systems (passive, semi-active, and active), structural assessment, and damage detec- tion are described. More recently, the application of monitoring systems has been extended to facilitate ef cient operation and effective maintenance through the rationalization of risk and asset management using monitoring data. This paper also summarizes the lessons learned and feedback obtained from case studies on the structural monitoring of bridges and buildings in Japan.
基金Project(2005k002-c-2) supported by the Science and Technology Development Program of Railways Department, China
文摘Mechanical behavior of concrete slab of large-span through tied-arch composite bridge was investigated by finite element analysis (FEA). Improved methods to decrease concrete stresses were discussed based on comparisons of different deck schemes, construction sequences and measures, and ratios of reinforcement. The results show that the mechanical behavior of concrete slab gets worse with the increase of composite regions between steel beams and concrete slab. The deck scheme with the minimum composite region is recommended on condition that both strength and stiffness of the bridge meet design demands under service loads. Adopting in-situ-place construction method, concrete is suggested to be cast after removing the full-supported frameworks under the bridge. Thus, the axial tensile force of concrete slab caused by the first stage dead load is eliminated. Preloading the bridge before concrete casting and removing the load after the concrete reaching its design strength, the stresses of concrete slab caused by the second stage dead load and live load are further reduced or even eliminated. At last, with a high ratio of reinforcement more than 3%, the concrete stresses decrease obviously.
文摘为实现板梁桥铰接缝损伤的定量定位识别,提出了一种基于递归奇异能量指标的损伤识别方法:首先将待测桥梁各相邻梁体的竖向冲击振动响应进行交叉递归分析并得到无阈值交叉递归矩阵,其次对各递归矩阵进行奇异值分解以进一步提取损伤特征,最后对奇异值求取能量(递归奇异能量指标(recurrence singular energy index,RSEI)),进一步建立了基于该指标的铰接缝损伤识别方法,并对其适用性进行了分析。结果表明:RSEI指标对板梁桥铰接缝损伤较为敏感,所提方法仅在板梁桥跨中布置一排传感器即可实现铰接缝平均损伤程度的定量识别,并可实现损伤铰缝的定位,识别效果良好;铰接缝损伤位置、损伤个数及噪声对识别结果的影响极小,冲击位置会对识别结果造成一定影响,但识别效果在可接受的范围之内;应用RSEI指标开展板梁桥铰接缝损伤识别时,建议将冲击位置设在边梁跨中,可避免冲击位置对识别结果造成的影响,取得更加理想的识别效果。
