Study on Properties of LSGM Electrolyte Made by Tape Casting Method and Applications in SOFC

Solid oxide fuel cell is attracting more attention in recent years for its lower pollution emission and high energy convert efficiency. La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δis a new kind of electrolyte for intermediate temperature SOFC. In this paper, La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ(LSGM) was prepared by solid state reaction method and formed by tape casting process to make a planar electrolyte. The appropriate amount of the dispersive was obtained by viscosity test. The densities of sintered samples increase with the increasing sintering temperature. It was found that the relative density of electrolyte can approach the value of 95 % by the isostatic pressing treatment of the green tape. The average thermal expansion coefficient of the LSGM is 11 .4×10-6 /℃at temperature range (200 ~ 1200℃). Measurements of the current-voltage and power-current characteristics of the Hi-Air cell show that the open-circuit voltage is 1.067 V at 800℃, peak current density is 0.56 A·cm -2 and the maximum power output is 0.147 W·cm -2.

Co-firing of LNT/Ag Multilayer Sheets Prepared by Aqueous Tape Casting

Multilayer ceramic sheets composed of Li1.075Nb0.625Ti0.45O3 （LNT） layers and silver metal layers were fabricated by aqueous tape-casting method. LNT green tape was prepared using PVA （polyvinyl alcohol） as binder and ethylene glycol as plasticizer. The influence of the slurry composition on the rheological properties of the slurries and the properties of the resultant green tapes were studied. The slurry exhibited a typical shear thinning behavior. The increase in the PVA content increased the tensile strength of the tapes. The slip compositions with 5 wt pct PVA produced green tapes with satisfactory tensile strength. Ethylene glycol additions enhanced the flexibility of the green tapes but also produced a decrease in the tensile strength. Sliver inner-electrode was pasted on LNT green tapes and the sheets were stacked, pressed and sintered at 900℃ for 2 h. SEM （scanning electron microscopy） micrographs showed that the multilayer sheets were fully dense with fairly uniform microstructure and no reaction was observed between LNT and sliver layers.

Freeze-assisted Tape Casting of Vertically Aligned MXene Films for High Rate Performance Supercapacitors

Conventional electrode preparation techniques of supercapacitors such as tape casting or vacuum filtration often lead to the restacking or agglomeration of twodimensional(2 D)materials.As a result,tortuous paths are created for the electrolyte ions and their adsorption onto the surfaces of the active materials can be prevented.Consequently,maintaining high rate performance while increasing the thickness of electrodes has been a challenge.Herein,a facile freeze-assisted tape-casting(Fa TC)method is reported for the scalable fabrication of flexible MXene(Ti3C2Tx)supercapacitor electrode films of up to 700μm thickness,exhibiting homogeneous ice-template microstructure composed of vertically aligned MXene walls within lamellar pores.The efficient ion transport created by the internal morphology allows for fast electrochemical charge–discharge cycles and near thickness-independent performance at up to 3000 m V s-1 for films of up to 300μm in thickness.By increasing the scan rate from 20 to 10,000 m V s-1,Ti3C2Tx films of 150μm in thickness sustain 50%of its specific capacitance(222.9 F g-1).When the film thickness is doubled to 300μm,its capacitance is still retained by 60%(at 213.3 F g-1)when the scan rate is increased from 20 to3000 m V s-1,with a capacitance retention above 97.7%for over 14,000 cycles at10 A g-1.They also showed a remarkably high gravimetric and areal power density of 150 k W kg-1 at 1000 A g-1 and 667 m W cm-2 at 4444 m A cm-2,respectively.Fa TC has the potential to provide industry with a viable way to fabricate electrodes formed from 2 D materials on a large scale,while providing promising performance for use in a wide range of applications,such as flexible electronics and wearable energy storage devices.

Aqueous Tape Casting Process with Styrene-acrylic Latex Binder

A commercial styrene-acrylic latex binder has been investigated as a good binder for aqueous Al-2O-3 suspensions tape-casting process. This paper focuses on the forming film mechanism of latex binder, the rheological behaviors of the suspensions, physical properties of green tapes and drying process of aqueous slurries with latex binder system. The drying process of the alumina suspensions is shown to follow a two-stage mechanism (the first stage: evaporation controlled process; and the second stage: diffusion controlled process). During the drying stage of the suspensions, the compressive force presses the latex particles and makes them be distorted, which results in cross-linking structure in contacted latex particles of the solidified tapes.A smooth-surface and high-strength green tape was fabricated by aqueous tape casting with latex binder system. The results from the SEM images of the crossing section microstructure of green tapes show that the latex is a very suitable binder for aqueous tape casting.

Prestress Design of Stainless Steel Fibers/Zirconia Composite by Tape Casting

Prestressed SUS316 fibers/ZrO2 composite was fabricated using tape casting. Causes of cracks were analyzed by classical thermo-elastic theory and finite element method in preparation process. An optimization design was carried out on SUS316 fibers’ arrangement modes by reducing residual thermal stress. Interface topography and element distribution of composite were observed, and bending strengths were tested. Results show that cracks are generated along the direction vertical to SUS316 fibers by axial thermal stress due to different thermal expansion coefficients between SUS316 fibers and zirconia, and the average cracking space is 2 mm. No macroscopic defect is found in composite with SUS316 fibers of sine distribution, and it has better interfacial binding force since interdiffusion between SUS316 and zirconia. Bending strengths of composite with 0°/0°lamination are anisotropic and that are 385.74 MPa and 500.7 MPa respectively, but that with 0°/90°lamination is isotropic and it is 433.92 MPa. Bending strength of composite is increased obviously compared with that of zirconia because the prestress of surface is compressive stress.

Tape Casting of Al_2O_3-TiB_2/Al_2O_3-Nano-TiC Multilayer Composites

Ceramic tapes, containing Al2O3-25 wt pct TiB2(B) and Al2O3-25 wt pct nano-TiC (c), have been obtained by tape casting process. Numerous tapes (about 60～80 tapes) were prepared by stacking in turn the composition (B) and (C), laminating under 10 MPa pressure, eliminating the solvent and burning out the polymer additives. The final green bodies were hot pressed at 1750℃ and 30 MPa. The composite has a bending strength of 568 MPa and a fracture toughness of 5.8 M Pa·m1/2. SEM analysis exhibits that Al2O3 particle growth was inhibited by TiC particles in C. but TiB2 particles could not hinder Al2O3 growth in B. The curves of GTA indicates that all organic additives could be removed completely above 600℃

The Fabrication and Characterisation of Low-k Cordierite-Based Glas s-Ceramics by Tape Casting

Cordierite is a promising low-k material in mi cr oelectronic and packaging industries. When it is co-fired with the metal for re alising the multilayer circuits, temperature should be low enough to prevent the melting and/or oxidising of the metal. However, this temperature is usually too low to sinter cordierite. Low melting point glass, therefore, is added to the s toichiometric cordierite to lower the sintering temperature through a liquid-si ntering process. In this research work, cordierite-based glass ceramics tapes were prepared by t ape casting from suspensions containing different solids loading and different m ean particle sizes. The optimal experimental conditions for obtaining homogenous green tapes were determined by varying the type and concentration of dispersant s and binders, the solids loading as well as the particle sizes of both cordieri te and glass. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Hg porosimetry were used to characterise the green tapes. The results showed that high values of solids vol ume fractions and of the size ratio between the mean particle sizes of glass and cordierite powders favour the obtaining of homogeneous and high dense substrate s. The dielectric constant of the sintered bodies at 1 100 ℃ was around 5 and t he dissipation factor was about 0.01 at 1 MHz.

Enhanced breakdown strength and energy storage density of AgNbO_(3)ceramics via tape casting

Antiferroelectric materials are promising candidates for energy-storage applications due to their double hysteresis loops,which can deliver high power density.Among the antiferroelectric materials,AgNbO_(3)is proved attractive due to its environmental-friendliness and high potential for achieving excellent energy storage performance.However,the recoverable energy storage density of AgNbO_(3)ceramics is limited by their relatively low breakdown strength.Herein,the breakdown strength of the pure AgNbO_(3)ceramics prepared using the tape casting method is enhanced to 307 kV·cm^(-1),which is,to the best of our knowledge,among the highest values reported for pure AgNbO-3bulk ceramics.The high breakdown strength may be due to its dense microstructure and good crystallinity obtained by the tape casting method and the optimized sintering temperature.Owing to its enhanced breakdown strength,AgNbO_(3)ceramics show high recoverable energy storage density of 2.8 J·cm^(-3).These results have led to the development of lead-free antiferroelectric materials and devices with high energy storage density.

Pressureless all-solid-state Na/S batteries with self-supporting Na_(5)YSi_(4)O_(12) scaffolds

The development of reliable and affordable all-solid-state sodium metal batteries(ASS-SMBs)requires suitable solid-state electrolytes with cost-efficient processing and stabilized electrode/electrolyte interfaces.Here,an integrated porous/dense/porous Na_(5)YSi_(4)O_(12)(NYS)trilayered scaffold is designed and fabricated by tape casting using aqueous slurries.In this template-based NYS scaffold,the dense layer in the middle serves as a separator and the porous layers on both sides accommodate the active materials with their volume changes during the charge/discharge processes,increasing the contact area and thus enhancing the utilization rate and homogenizing the current distribution.The Na/NYS/Na symmetric cells with the Pb-coated NYS scaffold exhibit significantly reduced interfacial impedance and superior critical current density of up to 3.0 mA cm^(-2)against Na metal owing to enhanced wettability.Furthermore,the assembled Na/NYS/S full cells operated without external pressure at room temperature showed a high initial discharge capacity of 970 mAh g^(-1)and good cycling stability with a capacity of 600 mAh g^(-1)after 150 cycles(based on the mass of sulfur).This approach paves the way for the realization of economical and practical ASS-SMBs from the perspective of ceramic manufacturing.

Thin NASICON Electrolyte to Realize High Energy Density Solid-State Sodium Metal Battery

The solid-state electrolyte in a solid-state battery acts as an electrons'barrier and an ions'bridge between the two electrodes.As solid-state electrolyte does not store the mobile ions,it is necessary to achieve a thin solid-state electrolyte to reduce the internal resistance and enhance the energy density.In this work,a thin NASICON solid-state electrolyte,with a stoichiometry of Na_(3)Zr_(2)Si_(2)PO_(12),is fabricated by the tape-casting method and its thickness can be easily controlled by the gap between substrate and scraper.The areal-specific resistance and the flexural strength increase with the electrolyte thickness.A solid-state sodium metal battery with 86 pm thick Na_(3)Zr_(2)Si_(2)PO_(12)exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 73-78 mAh g^(-1)with a redox potential of 3.4 V at 0.2 C.This work presents the importance of electrolyte thickness to reduce internal resistance and achieve a high energy density for sodium batteries.

HPMA modified aluminium nitride powder for aqueous tape casting of AlN ceramic substrates

Aluminum nitride(AlN)is considered one of the most desirable materials for integrated circuits and electronic packaging substrates.However,raw AlN powder reacts easily with water,forming Al(OH)3 or AlOOH on the surface and hindering the development of an aqueous tape-casting process for preparing AlN ceramic substrates.In this study,hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride(HPMA)was used to modify AlN powder,which has good water solubility and dispersibility.The AlN powder was modified with 5 wt%HPMA remained stable in water for at least 90 h under magnetic stirring condition and 24 h under ball milling condition,indicating that HPMA-modified AlN powder has good resistance to hydrolysis.The action mechanism of HPMA is revealed.Firstly,–COOH of the HPMA polymer and the oxide layer on the surface of the AlN powder underwent a dehydration condensation reaction to form a compound.Secondly,long chains of the polymer further coated the surface of the AlN powder,forming an anti-hydration layer with a thickness of about 7.0 nm on the surface of the AlN particles.In addition,AlN green sheets were successfully prepared by aqueous tape casting using the HPMA-modified AlN powder without additional dispersants.Subsequently,AlN ceramic substrates were obtained by sintering at 1750℃for 4 h under an N2 atmosphere with a pressure of 0.2 MPa.The relative density and thermal conductivity were tested to be 97.3%and 122 W/(m·K),respectively.

Lead-free textured piezoceramics using tape casting:A review

In this review,the evolution of textured lead-free piezoceramics has been explored,primarily focusing on the technique of templated grain growth(TGG)and reactive-templated grain growth(RTGG),as an alternative to single crystals.The mechanics and properties of using template in guiding and orienting the ceramic grains into the same crystal orientation allow for piezoelectric properties approaching those of their single-crystal counterparts.The fabrication process was surveyed in depth,with focus placed on the tape casting process and numerous variables associated with aligning the template seeds in the ceramic matrix.The piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of the textured ceramics are supposed to be a function of all parameters(tape casting,slurry formation,sintering profile,template properties)in an effort to determine the significance of their contributions to the properties.

Electrical properties of La_2Mo_(1.98)Nb_(0.02)O_(8.99) oxide ionic conductors prepared by tape casting

LaMoNbOthick films have been successfully prepared by using a tape casting technique. Partial stabilization of the high temperature cubic phase is revealed in Nb doped LaMoO(LMO) films. The sintering temperature is decreased to 925 ℃ as compared with that of 1150 ℃ in bulk ceramics. The grain exhibits an oxide ionic conductivity of 0.014 S cmat 603 ℃ for LaMoNbO, which is 39% higher than pure LMO. Additionally, the Nb doped LMO films present low grain boundary resistance showing the potential application as solid electrolytes.

Flexural strength of zirconia/stainless steel functionally graded materials

Zirconia/stainless steel (ZrO2/SUS316L) functionally graded materials (FGMs) were fabricated by tape casting and laminating. Microstructures of FGMs were observed by optical microscope. Fracture behavior of FGMs in different loading modes and influences of different gradient changes on flexural strength were investigated. The results show that ZrO2/ SUS316L FGMs with graded components at interlayers are obtained after they are sintered in vacuum and pressureless condition at 1 350 ℃. TheⅠ?Ⅱ mixed mode crack creates in composite layer and grows to both sides zigzag while loading on ZrO2 layer. Flexural strengths are 496.4,421.7 and 387.5 MPa when gradient changes are 10%,15% and 20%,but flexural strengths of the corresponding fracture layers are 387.1,334.6 and 282.3 MPa since cracks of FGMs are affected by three-dimensional stress,respectively. The cracks are generated in ZrO2 layer and extend to SUS316L layer while loading is added on SUS316L layer,flexural strength does not change with the graded components and keeps consistent basically.

Study on Preparation and Properties of PVC Film Modified by Rare Ea rth

The transparent PVC films were prepared by tape casting. In the process of prepa ration, rare earth nitrate, as a kind of modifier, was added to th e solution of PVC and THF. These PVC films were tested after being crosslinked b y ultraviolet light. It is found that the mechanical and physical properties of all the PVC films modified by rare earth nitrate are greatly enhanced.

Transparent high-performance piezoceramics through pressureless sintering

Piezoelectricity offers an electromechanical coupling that is widely utilized in transducer applications.There has been a consistent demand for transparent piezoelectric materials for optoelectrical applications.Therefore,despite the inherent tradeoff between the transparency and the piezoelectricity,numerous strategies have been explored to develop the transparent piezoelectric materials.Nonetheless,the most transparent piezoelectric materials developed to date is either a single crystal or materials that achieve transparency via hot-press sintering,limiting its industrial applicability.Therefore,we introduce a novel piezoelectric material that ensures transparency through co-doping and pressureless sintering of polycrystalline ceramics.In this study,we employed a compositional optimization approach to enhance the synergistic effect between the transparency and the piezoelectric properties of 0.71Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)–0.29PbTiO_(3)(PMN–0.29PT)ceramics.By utilizing the tape casting process for mass production and large-area manufacturing,our Pb_(0.913)La_(0.0145)Sm_(0.0145)(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_(0.71)Ti_(0.29)O_(3)(TP2.9)ceramics exhibited over 60%transparency and large piezoelectric coefficient(d33)of 1104 pC/N.This material holds considerable promise for a wide range of industrial applications in both the optical and electronic domains.

Energy storage performance and phase transition under high electric field in Na/Ta co-doped AgNbO_(3)ceramics

Lead-free antiferroelectric ceramics with high energy storage performance show great potential in pulsed power capacitors.However,poor breakdown strength and antiferroelectric stability are the two main drawbacks that limit the energy storage performance of antiferroelectric ceramics.Herein,highquality(Ag_(1-x)Na_(x))(Nb_(1-x)Ta_(x))O_(3)ceramics were prepared by the tape casting process.The breakdown strength was greatly improved as a result of the high density and fine grains,while the antiferroelectric stability was enhanced owning to the M2 phase.Benefiting from the synergistic improvement in breakdown strength and antiferroelectric stability,(Ag_(0.80)Na_(0.20))(Nb_(0.80)Ta_(0.20))O_(3)ceramic reveals a benign energy storage performance of W_(rec)=5.8 J/cm^(3)and h=61.7%with good temperature stability,frequency stability and cycling reliability.It is also found that the high applied electric field can promote the M2-M3 phase transition,which may provide ideas to improve the thermal stability of the energy storage performance in AgNbO_(3)-based ceramics.

Ultra-low temperature cofired ceramics based on Li_(2)WO_(4)as perspective substrate materials for terahertz frequencies

With the development of low dielectric permittivity materials having an ultra-low sintering temperature,testing their dielectric properties at terahertz frequencies suitable for 6G communication systems and implementation of the fabricated materials in ultra-low temperature cofired ceramics(ULTCC)were the main goals of the research.Lithium tungstate Li_(2)WO_(4)was synthesized by a solid-state reaction and used for the preparation of green tapes and test structures with cofired internal conductive layers,which are destined for substrates of microwave and submillimeter wave circuits.Sintering behavior,thermal effects,and mass changes of the green tapes during heating were studied using a hot-stage microscope,differential thermal analysis,and thermogravimetry.A single-phase composition was revealed for being undoped and doped with AlF3–CaB_(4)O_(7)ceramics.The impact of frequency,temperature,the addition of AlF3–CaB_(4)O_(7)and CuBi_(2)O_(4)dopants,and sintering temperature was the subject of in-depth characterization of dielectric properties in a terahertz region.A glass-free composition,ultra-low sintering temperature of 590–630℃,low roughness of the green tapes,dense microstructure,compatibility with Ag conductors,low and stable dielectric permittivity of 5.0–5.8 in a broad range of 0.2–2 THz,and low dielectric loss of 0.008–0.01 at 1 THz are the main advantages of the developed ULTCC substrates.

Preparation of high-efficiency ceramic planar membrane and its application for water desalination

Highly efficient Si3N4 ceramic planar membrane for water desalination process using membrane distillation was prepared by the dual-layer phase inversion tape casting and sintering method. In comparison with typical phase inversion tape casting method, the green tape was formed using Si3N4 slurry on the top and graphite slurry on the bottom. After consuming away the graphite structure, a ceramic membrane consisting of a two-layered structure （skin and finger-like layers） was obtained. The skin layer was relatively tight, and thus could act as a functional layer for separation, while the finger-like layer contained straight open pores with a diameter of 100 gm, acting as a support with low transport resistance. For comparison, typical Si3N4 ceramic membrane was fabricated by phase inversion technique without graphite substrate, resulting in a three-layered structure （skin, finger-like, and sponge layers）. After membrane modification from hydrophilic to hydrophobic with polymer derived nanoparticle method, the water desalination performance of the membranes was tested using the sweeping gas membrane distillation （SGMD） with different NaC1 feed solutions. With the increase of salt content from 4 to 12 wt%, the water flux decreased slightly while rejection rate maintained over 99.99%. Comparing with typical three-layered Si3N4 membrane, an excellent water flux enhancement of over 83% was resulted and the rejection rate remained over 99.99%.

Evaluation of La_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)Cr_(0.95)Zn_(0.05)O_(3-δ)-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2-δ) Dual-phase Material and its Potential Application in Oxygen Transport Membrane

In this work, a dual-phase material consisting Gd0.1Ce0.9O2-δ （GDC, 60 wt%） was synthesized. of La0.7Ca0.3Cr0.95Zn0.05O3-δ （LCCZ, 40 wt%） and Properties including phase structure, sintering behavior, electrical conductivity and oxygen permeability for LCCZ-GDC were evaluated. The results show that dense LCCZ-GDC dual-phase disks were obtained at the sintering temperature of 1250, 1300, 1350 and 1400 ℃ by tape casting and high temperature sintering method. The grain sizes of both GDC and LCCZ grew up with the increasing of sintering temperature. The average grain size of GDC was about 0.5, 0.8, 1.4, 1.8 μm while the average grain size of LCCZ was about 0.8, 1.5, 1.8 and 2 pm after sintering at 1250, 1300, 1350 and 1400℃, respectively. Oxygen flux of LCCZ-GDC decreased with the increase of sintering temperature from 1250 to 1400 ℃. The oxygen flux of LCCZ-GDC sintered at 1250 ℃ reached 0.079 mL/min/cm2 at 975℃ with a membrane thickness of 800 μm. Dual-phase material of LCCZ-GDC will be a promising oxygen transport membrane material for its low sintering temperature and good microstructure.