Study on the new materials for fiberboard refiner plate of defibrator

Defibrator is a very important machine in the wood industry for producing fiberboard. The refiner plates are the key parts of defibrator that directly act with the wood, and broken easily. The working life of the refiner plates is of significance to the wood industry. It may affect refining quality, production efficiency, and power consumption. In this paper, the abrasion resistance of the refiner plate made of different materials, the stainless steels and high chromium cast irons, were tested and compared. The results showed that abrasion resistance of refiner plate made of high chromium cast irons was better than that of the stainless steel materials. Although the two kinds of materials have the same compositions, their abrasion resistances have ap-parent difference. The main reason is that the material microstructures have very important effects on their performance. The refiner plates made of developed high chromium cast irons don抰 demand the complex heat treatment. This can simplify the producing process, save the cost of production, decrease labor strength, and increase the production efficiency.

Surface quality, microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Sn alloy plate prepared by two-phase zone continuous casting

Cu-4.7%Sn （mass fraction） alloy plate was prepared by the self-developed two-phase zone continuous casting （TZCC） process. The relationship between process parameters of TZCC and surface quality of the alloy plate was investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the TZCC alloy plate were analyzed. The results show that Cu-4.7%Sn alloy plate with smooth surface can be obtained by means of reasonable matching the entrance temperature of two-phase zone mold and the continuous casting speed. The microstructure of the TZCC alloy is composed of grains-covered grains, small grains with self-closed grain boundaries, columnar grains and equiaxed grains. Compared with cold mold continuous casting Cu-4.7%Sn alloy plate, the room temperature tensile strength and ductility of the TZCC alloy plate are greatly improved.

电驱式单行水稻育秧盘摆盘覆土机设计与试验

为实现水稻育秧棚内机械化,针对现有育秧模式中秧盘摆放与底表土铺覆环节劳动强度大、生产效率低、作业时间长,以及现有秧盘摆放装置大多不适用于塑料软盘等问题,结合水稻育秧农艺要求,设计了一种电驱式单行水稻育秧盘摆盘覆土一体机。阐述了整机结构与摆盘覆土的基本原理,对覆土皮带与横向导轨进行了仿真分析,并验证了设计的合理性。以覆土量均匀性变异系数、覆土表面平整度、秧盘纵向整齐度和秧盘横向整齐度为试验指标进行田间试验,结果表明:电驱式单行水稻育秧盘摆盘覆土机作业效果较好,覆土量均匀性变异系数<3%,覆土表面平整度<2 mm,秧盘纵向横向整齐度均≤2 mm,满足水稻育秧农艺要求和水稻工厂化技术要求中对秧盘摆放与覆土的技术规范要求。

Improved Mechanical Properties of Textile Reinforced Concrete Thin Plate

Textile reinforced concrete （TRC） is especially suitable for the thin-walled and light-weight structural elements with a high load-bearing capacity. For this thin element, the concrete cover thickness is an important factor in affecting the mechanical and anti-crack performance. Therefore, the influences of the surface treatment of the textile and mixing polypropylene fiber into the concrete on the properties of the components with different cover thickness were experimentally studied with four-point bending tests. The experimental results show that for the components with the same cover thickness, sticking sand on epoxy resin-impregnated textile and adding short fiber into the concrete are helpful to improve their mechanical performance. The 2-3 mm cover thickness is enough to meet the anchorage requirements of the reinforcement fiber and the component has good crack pattern and mechanical behavior at this condition. Comparison between the calculated and the experimental Values of flexural capacity reveals satisfactory agreement. Finally, based on the calculation model of the crack spacing of reinforced concrete structures, the crack extension of this thin-wall component was qualitatively analyzed and the same results with the experimental were obtained.

Effect of cooling structure on thermal behavior of copper plates of slab continuous casting mold

A three-dimensional finite-element model of slab continuous casting mold was conducted to clarify the effect of cooling structure on thermal behavior of copper plates. The results show that temperature distribution of hot surface is mainly governed by cooling structure and heat-transfer conditions. For hot surface centricity, maximum surface temperature promotions are 30 ℃and 15 ℃ with thickness increments of copper plates of 5 mm and nickel layers of 1 ram, respectively. The surface temperature without nickel layers is depressed by 10 ℃ when the depth increment of water slots is 2 mm and that with nickel layers adjacent to and away from mold outlet is depressed by 7℃ and 5 ℃, respectively. The specific trend of temperature distribution of transverse sections of copper plates is nearly free of cooling structure, but temperature is changed and its law is similar to the corresponding surface temperature.

Hot compressive deformation of eutectic Al-17at%Cu alloy on the interface of the Cu-Al composite plate produced by horizontal continuous casting

On the interface of the Cu-Al composite plate from horizontal continuous casting,the eutectic microstructure layer thickness ac-counts for more than 90%of the total interface thickness,and the deformation in rolling forming plays an important role in the quality of the composite plate.The eutectic microstructure material on the interface of the Cu-Al composite plate was prepared by changing the cooling rate of ingot solidification and the deformation in hot compression was investigated.The results show that when the deformation temperature is over 300℃,the softening effect of dynamic recrystallization ofα-Al is greater than the hardening effect,and uniform plastic deformation of eutectic microstructure is caused.The constitutive equation of flow stress in the eutectic microstructure layer was established by Arrhenius hy-perbolic-sine mathematics model,providing a reliable theoretical basis for the deformation of the Cu-Al composite plate.

Calculation method of composite foundation sedimentation of grouting pile with cover plate under embankment load

Grouting pile is a new soft soil foundation treatment method with characteristics such as no vibration, no noise, no soil compaction, light construction machines and quick construction velocity and so on. At present, study on reinforcement mechanism and design calculation method of composite foundation of grouting pile is initially started without design specifications, so it is usually required to draw on design specifications of stump pile when designing composite foundation of grouting pile while grouting pile has its characteristics and difference although reinforcement mechanisms and construction processes of two types of piles are similar. Sedimentation formula of composite foundation of grouting pile with cover plate is educed and a suitable deformation mode is proposed by aiming to deformation characteristics of composite foundation of grouting pile with cover plate under embankment load on basis of relevant sedimentation theories of composite foundation by combination of characteristics of composite foundation of grouting pile. The sedimentation calculation formula of grouting pile with cover plate under embankment load is educed according to balance relation of force and displacement coordination conditions by elastic theory and sedimentation calculation model established is validated by sedimentation monitoring documents of one expressway in China.

Numerical Method Based on Compatible Manifold Element for Thin Plate Bending

The typical quadrangular and triangular elements for thin plate bending based on Kirchhoff assumptions are the non- conforming elements with low computational accuracy and limitative application range in fmite element method（FEM）. Some compatible elements can be developed by the means of supplementing correction functions, increasing nodes in element or on the boundaries, expanding nodal degrees of freedom（DOF）, etc, but these elements are inconvenient to apply in practice for the high calculation complexity. In this paper, in order to overcome the defects of thin plate bending finite element, numerical manifold method（NMM） was introduced to solve thin plate bending deformation problem. Rectangular mesh was adopted as mathematical mesh to form f＇mite element cover system, and then 16-cover manifold element was proposed. Numerical manifold formulas were constructed on the basis of minimum potential energy principle, displacement boundary conditions are implemented by penalty function method, and all the element matrixes were derived in details. The 16-cover element has a simple calculation process for employing only the transverse displacement cover DOFs as the basic unknown variables, and has been proved to meet the requirements of completeness and full compatibility. As an application, the presented 16-cover element has been used to analyze bending deformation of square thin plate under different loads and boundary conditions, and the results show that numerical manifold method with compatible element, compared with finite element method, can improve computational accuracy and convergence greatly.

The effect of the continuous casting process on ultrasonically-tested defects in heavy plates

A plate＇s internal quality is very critical, especially for boilers and high-pressure vessels. The ultrasonic test （UT） is the main type of non-destructive flaw detection for heavy plates, which is important because one of the main reasons for plate defects is ultrasonic flaws. This study, based on Baosteel＇ s practical experience in the manufacture of heavy plates, elucidates the cause of defect formation by analyzing ultrasonic flaw testing maps and using special equipment, such as the scanning electron microscope, electron probe and the optical microscope. The author puts forward the following improvement measures： ① Ultrasonic flaws are caused by central porosity and segregation,[H] bubbles and inclusion in slabs.②Ultrasonic flaws are more likely to occur in the bottom and top of slabs rather than the other positions in the casting sequence. It is clear that one-quarter of the inner camber＇ s thickness is accumulated inclusion.③It is clear that overheating in the tundish and the flow of the casting mould have an effect on ultrasonic flaws caused by inclusions.④Soft reduction improves central porosity and segregation,which decreases the number of ultrasonic flaws in the plate.

Analysis of High-Cr Cast Iron/Low Carbon Steel Wear-resistant Laminated Composite Plate Prepared by Hot-rolled Symmetrical Billet

This study developed a new technology for preparing high-chromium cast iron(HCCI)/low-carbon steel(LCS)wear-resistant composite plates by hot rolling at a 1050°C and a rolling speed of 0.2 m/s.The effects of different rolling reductions(30%,45%,and 60%)on the microstructure(interface and HCCI layer)and mechanical properties(bonding strength,hardness,and wear resistance)of the composite plate were studied.SEM images showed that when the reduction was increased,no impurities and interlayers were found between the microscopic interfaces after hot rolling,and the bonding interface exhibited a wave-like shape.EDS analysis showed that the Cr element diffusion between two metals after hot rolling was promoted when the reduction was increased,thereby improving the bonding quality under the same rolling temperature and rolling speed.Experiments showed that due to the stress release effect of the LCS of the cladded layer,the macro-slab shape after hot rolling performed well,and the brittle HCCI layer underwent thermoplastic deformation without cracking.Moreover,the increase of rolling reduction improved the bonding quality.As the rolling reduction was increased,the volume fraction of Cr-carbides in the HCCI layer also increased,resulting in an increase of hardness and wear-resistance.

Wave Motion in an Ice Covered Ocean Due to Small Oscillations of a Submerged Thin Vertical Plate

In this paper we study the problem of generation of surface waves produced due to a） rolling of the plate and b） presence of a line source in front of a fixed vertical plate. The amplitudes of radiated waves at large distance from the plate, in both cases, are obtained by a suitable application of Green＇s integral theorem. These are then studied graphically for various values of the ice cover parameter.

盖板件高效铣削表面粗糙度预测与工艺参数优化

为了保证7075铝合金盖板件铣削表面质量和提高铣削加工效率,进行工艺参数优化,通过响应曲面法(RSM)构建铣削加工表面粗糙度预测模型,分析铣削工艺参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律。基于表面粗糙度预测模型建立高效铣削工艺参数优化目标方程,采用改进的粒子群算法(PSO)对目标方程进行优化,运用优化后的工艺参数对某盖板件进行铣削加工。试验结果表明:采用优化后的工艺参数进行盖板件铣削加工可以满足表面粗糙度要求,验证了预测模型的准确性和改进PSO方法的可行性。

Parameterization Modeling of a Gas Turbine Coverplate

In order to reduce product development cycle time, aerospace companies tend to develop various correlations integrating geometric and performance parameters. This paper covers the development of a parameterization modeling, to be used in the preliminary design phase, for the turbine cover plate of an aero-engine. The parameterization modeling of the turbine cover plate is achieved by using commercial CAD （computer aided design） software processing in batch mode. Two main approaches are presented the outer face and the skeleton models. These models can then be integrated into an iterative process for designing optimal shapes. Both models are capable of reproducing existing cover plate with reasonable accuracy in relatively shorter time periods. However, the skeleton approach provides probably the best results in terms of flexibility and accuracy, but increases programming complexity and requires greater run times.

汽车激光雷达盖板的双色注塑模具设计

根据某车型激光雷达盖板的双色结构及形状,采用动模型芯旋转式结构的模具方案,设计了一套一出二的热流道双色注塑模具。利用Moldflow软件进行了双色成型分析,双色注塑第一次注射成型透明的PMMA材料的产品,第二次注射成型黑色ASA材料的产品。为实现该双色产品的结构成型,在定模处设计了2组不同结构的型腔,在动模处设计了2组左右对称的型芯,并且,在型芯侧设计了双斜导柱抽芯机构,冷却系统设计为“直通式+隔水片”的随形循环水路;顶出系统设计为2组独立的液压油缸,在产品顶出取件中,第一次注射成型的PMMA产品不顶出,第二次注射成型的ASA材料的产品采用“直顶+斜顶”的组合机构将双色产品推出,最终通过机械手完成产品的取件。实践生产证明了该双色模具结构合理、运行稳定、成型的双色塑件表面无缺陷。

柴油机油底壳穿孔板隔声罩优化设计

以某型柴油机的油底壳作为研究对象,对其声振特性进行识别与分析,确定设计穿孔板隔声罩的共振频带范围。使用粒子群算法针对共振频率进行穿孔板参数的优化设计,再通过阻抗管试验确定小孔分布对吸声性能的影响,并对穿孔板隔声罩进行多目标形貌优化设计以避开共振及激励频率。目标柴油机上加装优化的油底壳穿孔板隔声罩后,整机总声压级降低0.5 d B,降噪效果较好。

前箱熔体温度对8011铝合金铸轧板坯组织性能的影响

为了稳定提高双零铝箔用铸轧坯料质量,使用电解铝液配料生产规格为7.0 mm×1300 mm的8011铝合金铸轧铝板卷,并利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)及电子万能拉伸试验机等手段,研究了不同前箱铝熔体温度(680,690,700,710℃)对8011铝合铸轧板坯微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着前箱熔体温度的升高,铸轧板坯晶粒的尺寸呈略微增大再急剧变大的趋势,其抗拉强度和断后伸长率均呈先缓慢降低后急剧下降的趋势;当前箱熔体温度控制在680~700℃时,可获得综合力学性能较佳的铸轧板坯,其平均纵向抗拉强度和横向抗拉强度分别不低于141.87 MPa和138.84 MPa,平均纵向断后伸长率和横向断后伸长率分别不低于29.8%和26.4%.

铸钢-钢板焊接索夹受力性能研究

对上海浦东足球场轮辐式张拉屋盖体系中的铸钢-钢板焊接索夹受力性能进行了研究,介绍了屋盖结构体系的特点和索夹的组成。开展了3个不同几何尺寸的足尺索夹承载力试验,研究了在径向索分别达到设计内力、最大设计张力和破断力工况时的索夹性能、最终破坏特征,试验结果表明索夹的承载力能达到设计要求。对试验的索夹进行了有限元数值分析,有限元模型的适用性得到了试验结果的验证,并清晰地观察到整个索夹的应力分布状况。对索夹的构造设计、加工等提出了建议。

钢结构梁柱加固节点框架损伤演化过程数值模拟分析

为研究不同因素对钢结构梁柱加固节点框架演化过程损伤的影响,选择4个钢结构梁柱加固节点框架试件作为实验对象,在其他条件不变基础上,改变试件轴压比、钢盖板厚度以及混凝土强度,用ABAQUS软件对钢结构梁柱加固节点框架进行模拟,观察损伤演化过程的应力云图情况,并对屈服位移与峰值位移进行统计。结果表明:轴压比以及钢盖板厚度对受力性能影响不大,混凝土强度对受力性能影响较大,并且随着混凝土强度的增加,钢结构梁柱加固节点框架的承载力也在增加,在节点框架设计时,应适当增加混凝土强度,提高节点框架承载力。

不同尺寸纳米氧化锌的制备及其抗菌性能研究

溶液化学方法在制备ZnO纳米材料时最为常用,通常情况下,可以采用水或其它有机溶剂作为反应介质,制备不同尺寸和形貌的ZnO纳米粒子。本文以油酸钠为表面活性剂,乙酸锌为前驱体,使用不同醇溶剂(乙醇、正丁醇、正己醇),通过控制反应温度,在较为温和的反应条件下,成功制备了不同尺寸的球形纳米ZnO粒子。使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等方法对所得到的ZnO纳米粒子进行了表征,在此基础上,选取其中五种不同尺寸的ZnO纳米粒子,使用平板浇注法,探究不同尺寸ZnO纳米粒子对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄杆球菌的抗菌效果。结果表示:随着醇溶剂碳链长度和温度的增加,ZnO纳米粒子的尺寸会逐渐增加;随着ZnO纳米粒子的尺寸的减小,其抗菌效果逐渐增强。相比于金黄葡萄杆球菌,ZnO纳米粒子对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果较差。当ZnO纳米粒子的浓度为6×10^(-3)mol·L^(-1)时,对金黄葡萄杆球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别达到了96.6%和91.4%。

熔体压力对水平双辊铸轧Ti/Al复合板界面结合强度的影响

除了铸轧速度和熔体浇铸温度外,铸轧区内的熔体压力也是影响水平双辊铸轧Ti/Al复合板工艺稳定性和界面结合强度的重要因素。本工作在铸轧复合过程中通过调节前箱内熔体的液面高度,获得了在不同铸轧区熔体压力下制备的Ti/Al复合板。通过金相、扫描电镜、显微硬度、室温拉伸实验、T型剥离实验等手段对复合板的显微组织和界面结合性能进行表征和测试。结果表明,当熔体压力较高时,可以生产出充盈饱满、板型良好、结合强度高的复合板,但熔体压力过高会影响铸轧复合过程的稳定性。当熔体压力过低时,熔体的横向流动能力减弱,铸轧区内不能完全被熔体填充满,板材出现热带、褶皱等缺陷,同时,在Ti/Al上出现了部分微孔和微裂缝。在较高熔体压力下,固/液接触距离更长,带材表面与熔体的润湿更加充分,熔体分布更加均匀,固/液扩散更加充分。因此,当熔体压力较高时,复合板具有更高的结合强度,界面结合强度达到20.1 N/mm。