Objective:To investigate the ability of the methanolic extract of pineapple peel to modulate alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation,changes in catalase activities and hepatic biochemical marker levels in blood plasma.Meth...Objective:To investigate the ability of the methanolic extract of pineapple peel to modulate alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation,changes in catalase activities and hepatic biochemical marker levels in blood plasma.Methods:Oxidative stress was induced by oral administration of ethanol(20%w/v) at a dosage of 5 niL/kg bw in rats.After 28 days of treatment,the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed by cervical dislocation.Blood was collected with a 2 mL syringe by cardiac puncture and was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min.The plasma was analyzed to evaluate malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase activity,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) concentrations.Results:Administration of alcohol caused a drastic increase(87.74%) in MDA level compared with the control.Pineapple peel extract significantly reduced the MDA level by 60.16%at 2.S mL/kg bw.Rats fed alcohol only had the highest catalase activity,treatment with pineapple peel extract at 2.5 mL/kg bw however, reduced the activity.Increased AST,ALP and ALT activities were observed in rats fed alcohol only respectively,treatment with pineapple peel extract drastically reduced their activities. Conclusions:The positive modulation of lipid peroxidation,catalase activities as well as hepatic biomarker levels of blood plasma by the methanolic extract of pineapple peels under alcoholinduced oxidative stress is an indication of its protective ability in the management of alcoholinduced toxicity.展开更多
Remote control enzyme technology is widely used today through resonance. In this study, we showed that the use of frequencies of the catalase enzyme itself to increase enzymatic rate is successful not only in test tub...Remote control enzyme technology is widely used today through resonance. In this study, we showed that the use of frequencies of the catalase enzyme itself to increase enzymatic rate is successful not only in test tubes but also remotely. The present study also suggests that, under optimal temperature, the use of bovine catalase frequency (the specific frequency of that enzyme) has a superior rate promoting vibration than the human catalase frequency, and so increases very significantly the chemical rate of bovine catalase (about 120% at 40˚C). It also suggests that bovine catalase subjected to bovine and human frequencies with catalase bound NADP+ experienced more resonance weight towards NADP+ and so were more slowly reduced back to catalase bound NADPH, increasing compound II formation rate, and slowing down the catalase activity rate.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among most common terminal cancer types in the world. Primary etiological factors include cirrhosis, hepatitis, aflatoxin and alcohol. The current study was conducted to determine cyt...Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among most common terminal cancer types in the world. Primary etiological factors include cirrhosis, hepatitis, aflatoxin and alcohol. The current study was conducted to determine cytosolic erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase and catalase enzyme activities and levels of some trace elements. For this purpose, 40 patients with primary and metastatic hepatic cancer and 29 healthy volunteers enrolled to the study. Catalase and carbonic anhydrase enzyme activities and serum trace element levels were measured in patient and control groups. In the current study, serum copper, magnesium, manganese and zinc levels were lower in the primary and metastatic hepatic cancer group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, serum iron, cobalt, cadmium and lead levels were higher in the patient relative to the control group (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control group, the catalase level was lower in primary and metastatic cancer group, while the carbonic anhydrase level was higher in the cancer group (P < 0.05). Changes in levels of trace elements and anti-oxidant enzymes may be the factors which influence the development and progression of liver cancer. The carbonic anhydrase enzyme can be a useful indicator in the diagnosis of cancer. However, this issue warrants further investigation.展开更多
Aim: In order to decipher the mechanisms underlying the known protective effects of the thermal water from Uriage-les-Bains (TWFULB) on the skin barrier function, we studied its antioxidant properties as well as its e...Aim: In order to decipher the mechanisms underlying the known protective effects of the thermal water from Uriage-les-Bains (TWFULB) on the skin barrier function, we studied its antioxidant properties as well as its effect on the expression of the tight-junctional protein claudin-6, a candidate tumor suppressor factor. Study Design/Methods: In a first step, TBARS and SOD activity assays were performed in an in vitro model of human dermal fibroblasts treated by hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HO/XO) mixture, in order to evaluate the own antioxidant effect of the thermal water. In a second step, human keratinocytes irradiated or not by UVB were used to evaluate the protective role of TWFULB on nuclear DNA damage using a comet assay. In a third step, an ex vivo model of human skin explants irradiated or not by UVA and UVB was used to evaluate the effect of TWFULB on the intracellular catalase activity and on the cutaneous claudin-6 expression. Results: TWFULB showed significant protective effects against oxidative stress induced by HO/XO: the cell viability was improved and the lipid peroxidation was reduced. The tested thermal water also showed significant SOD-like activity and protective effect on the UVB-stressed DNA. Considering the ex vivo models of skin explants, TWFULB was able to counterbalance the “negative” effect of UVB on the intracellular catalase activity and on the cutaneous claudin-6 expression.Conclusion: This multiparametric approach shows the antioxidant activity of TWFULB and emphasizes its role in the DNA protection of the cutaneous tissue in front of the UV irradiations, and finally suggests that some effects could involve the candidate suppressor functions of claudin-6.展开更多
[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants.[Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were investigated in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedl...[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants.[Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were investigated in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings under Hg2+ stress at different concentrations.[Result]① There were no obvious effects on the growth of seedlings when the concentration of Hg2+ was lower than 0.10 mmol/L.However,toxic effects on the growth of seedling were observed when the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 0.10 mmol/L.② Different tissues showed different resistant ability in response to Hg2+ stress.The leaves and roots of wheat seedlings were more insensitive to Hg2+ toxicity.③ CAT was more sensitive to Hg2+ stress compared to POD and SOD.[Conclusion]The toxic effect was related to the concentration of Hg2+(0.10 mmol/L).The higher concentration of Hg2+ could affect the expression of POD,CAT,and SOD isozymes in the leaves,roots of wheat seedlings and germinated seeds,which further affect the normal metabolism of membrane lipid and inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings at last.展开更多
water soluble protein fraction (WSPF) content along with the SOD and the CAT activities were comparatively monitored in leaf blades, sheaths and roots. S-deprivation progressively diminished WSPF first in the sheaths,...water soluble protein fraction (WSPF) content along with the SOD and the CAT activities were comparatively monitored in leaf blades, sheaths and roots. S-deprivation progressively diminished WSPF first in the sheaths, two days later in the blades, and four days later in the root. SOD activity per mg WSPF decreased at d2, whilst it increased for the next four days. After d6, SOD activities of roots and sheaths decreased, followed by the blades at d10. CAT activity per mg WSPF at d2 decreased only in blades, whilst increased in both sheaths and roots (more in sheaths). After d6 decreased CAT activity was found only in roots. No other decreases were observed in blades and sheaths. SOD and CAT specific activities on DM basis presented an oscillation pattern with the increase of DM. S-deprivation altered this picture, by reversing the oscillation pattern and by decreasing the trendlines. SOD specific activity initially decreased in –S sheaths and roots, whilst it remained unchanged in –S blades. Then it increased abruptly, decreased in an exponential manner and stabilised in all three organs. S-deprivation caused an early fluctuation of the CAT activity and then diverse responses;in blades a late increase in CAT activity was observed and decreases in the other two organs. S-deprivation seemed to reverse the oscillation pattern of CAT specific activity differentially for each organ type.展开更多
Various inflammatory stimuli are able to modify or even"re-program"the mitochondrial metabolism that results in generation of reactive oxygen species.In noncommunicable chronic diseases such as atheroscleros...Various inflammatory stimuli are able to modify or even"re-program"the mitochondrial metabolism that results in generation of reactive oxygen species.In noncommunicable chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathologies,type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome,these modifications become systemic and are characterized by chronic inflammation and,in particular,"neuroinflammation"in the central nervous system.The processes associated with chronic inflammation are frequently grouped into"vicious circles"which are able to stimulate each other constantly amplifying the pathological events.These circles are evidently observed in Alzheimer's disease,atherosclerosis,type 2 diabetes,metabolic syndrome and,possibly,other associated pathologies.Furthermore,chronic inflammation in peripheral tissues is frequently concomitant to Alzheimer's disease.This is supposedly associated with some common genetic polymorphisms,for example,Apolipoprotein-Eε4 allele carriers with Alzheimer's disease can also develop atherosclerosis.Notably,in the transgenic mice expressing the recombinant mitochondria targeted catalase,that removes hydrogen peroxide from mitochondria,demonstrates the significant pathology amelioration and health improvements.In addition,the beneficial effects of some natural products from the xanthophyll family,astaxanthin and fucoxanthin,which are able to target the reactive oxygen species at cellular or mitochondrial membranes,have been demonstrated in both animal and human studies.We propose that the normalization of mitochondrial functions could play a key role in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and other noncommunicable diseases associated with chronic inflammation in ageing.Furthermore,some prospective drugs based on mitochondria targeted catalase or xanthophylls could be used as an effective treatment of these pathologies,especially at early stages of their development.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Mailuoning, a Chinese herb, has been widely used in China to treat acute ischemic stroke, and the major component exhibits anti-oxidative effects. However, the precise anti-oxidation pathway remains uncert...BACKGROUND:Mailuoning, a Chinese herb, has been widely used in China to treat acute ischemic stroke, and the major component exhibits anti-oxidative effects. However, the precise anti-oxidation pathway remains uncertain.OBJECTIVE:To validate the protective effects of Mailuoning on H202-induced primary cortical neuron injury in embryonic mice.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:Comparative observation and in v#ro experiments were performed at the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine from January 2008 to September 2009.MATERIALS:Mailuoning (Nanjing Jinling Medical Company, China), reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn SOD kit, malondialdehyde (MDA) kits (Nanjing Jiancheng, China), mitochondrial membrane potential (GMS10013.1, GENMED, USA) and catalase activity assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, China) were utilized for the present study.METHODS:Mouse embryonic cortical neurons were isolated and cultured with culture medium containing H2O2 (80 μmol/L) and/or Mailuoning (1.25 μg/mL) for 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Neuronal viability and death were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazdium and flow cytometry; ROS production was determined by flow cytometry; mitochondriai membrane potential was detected using fluorescent staining; SOD activity was detected using a modified nitroblue tetrazolium method; Cu/Zn SOD and catalase activity was detected by spectrophotometry; and MDA was determined using the lipid peroxidation method.RESULTS:H2O2 increased ROS production and MDA concentration (P 〈 0.05), and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, SOD, Cu/Zn SOD and catalase activity (P 〈 0.05); the number of surviving neurons (P 〈 0.05) was also reduced. Mai/uoning reversed these changes.CONCLUSION:Mailuoning protects H2O2-induced injury in cortical cells by inhibiting ROS and MDA, increasing depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, and enhancing SOD and catalase activity.展开更多
The advantages of measuring hepatic oxidative status in liver biopsy are that it helps in diagnosis of hepatic dysfunction, reflects the degree of deterioration in the liver tissues, and helps to determine the severit...The advantages of measuring hepatic oxidative status in liver biopsy are that it helps in diagnosis of hepatic dysfunction, reflects the degree of deterioration in the liver tissues, and helps to determine the severity of hepatic injury. We aimed to study the oxidative stress state in children with chronic hepatitis by using indirect approach in which antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) are determined in the liver tissue. The present study included 21 children and adolescents (12 males, 9 females) suffering from chronic hepatitis. Patients were selected from the Hepatology Clinic, New Children’s Hospital, Cairo University from November 2006 till 2009 and compared with a group of 7 children who happened to have incidental normal liver biopsy. Children with chronic hepatitis had mean age 8.12 ± 1.15 years. It was further subdivided into 2 subgroups: chronic viral heaptitis (n = 13) and cryptogenic hepatitis (n = 8). GPX, SOD and CAT levels were measured in fresh liver tissue (cell free homogenates) using ELISA. In chronic hepatitis group;there was a significant increase in the hepatic GPX activity (38.59 ± 35.82 nmol/min/ml) as compared to the control group (10.62 ± 6.68 nmol/min/ml). Also a significant correlation was observed between SOD and both ALT (r = 0.87, p < 0.05) and AST (r = 0.74, p < 0.05). GPX correlated with ALT (r = 0.80, p < 0.05) level in the chronic viral hepatitis subgroup. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress could play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis. These preliminary results are encouraging to conduct more extensive clinical studies combining antioxidant therapy with various treatments.展开更多
The effect of refined petroleum products on the activities of selected enzymes (catalase and dehydrogenase) was studied. There was a significant decrease (p kerosene > diesel > engine oil. However, a significant...The effect of refined petroleum products on the activities of selected enzymes (catalase and dehydrogenase) was studied. There was a significant decrease (p kerosene > diesel > engine oil. However, a significant increase (p diesel > petrol > engine oil. On the whole the results reveal that refined petroleum products alter soil biochemistry.展开更多
Change in catalase activity was examined in leaves of rice plant exposed to salinity. Depending on the method of preparation of crude protein extract from leaf and the constituents of the assay medium, a significant d...Change in catalase activity was examined in leaves of rice plant exposed to salinity. Depending on the method of preparation of crude protein extract from leaf and the constituents of the assay medium, a significant difference in enzyme activity was recorded. Inclusion of sorbitol or mannitol or sucrose in the extraction and enzyme assay medium enhanced the enzyme activity in salt-stressed samples by nearly 1.5-1.8 fold, compared to the activity found in un- stressed plants, which otherwise showed a 50% declined activity in leaf extract prepared in buffer solution and assayed in a medium depleted of these sugars. In view of the accumulation of osmolytes under saline condition, these observations suggest that the catalase activity is modulated by the osmolytes and maintains a high rate of hydrogen peroxide scavenging property in vivo and serves as the major antioxidant enzyme to scavenge the salt-induced formation of peroxide. Therefore, the salt-stress induced appearance of low activity of the enzyme under normal buffer extraction and assay conditions, as reported in literature may represent an apparent than for its real in vivo activity.展开更多
The critical antioxidant catalase(CAT)breaks down hydrogen peroxide induced by environmental stresses.Here we cloned full length catalase cDNA from Lymantria dispar asiatic(LdCAT).Bioinformatic analyses showed that op...The critical antioxidant catalase(CAT)breaks down hydrogen peroxide induced by environmental stresses.Here we cloned full length catalase cDNA from Lymantria dispar asiatic(LdCAT).Bioinformatic analyses showed that open reading frames of LdCAT contains 1524 bp,encoding 507 amino acids with molecular weight of 126.99 kDa,theoretical pI of 5.00,aliphatic index of 29.92,grand average of hydropathicity of 0.764,and instability index(II)of 46.56.Protein BLAST and multiple sequence alignment indicated that LdCAT had high identity with CAT from other insects,especially lepidopterans.In a phylogenetic analysis,LdCAT was most similar to CAT from Spodoptera litura and S.exigua.Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction showed that LdCAT transcripts in all instar larvae and the five tissues tested,verifying the ubiquity of LdCAT in L.disapr.Moreover,LdCAT of third instar larvae was significantly upregulated after they fed on avermectin at sublethal and LC10 doses.The highest relative transcript levels were found 2 h after an avermectin spray at LC90,and in the cuticula,rather than heads,fat bodies,malpighian tubes,and midguts after a spray avermectin at a sublethal concentration.The expression level of LdCAT under pesticide stresses here suggested that CAT is an important antioxidant enzyme of L.disapr defensing against pesticide stress and may be a good target for controlling this pest.展开更多
Two different cDNA clones (Sscat1 and Sscat2) encoding catalase, the primary important H2O2-scavenging enzyme, were isolated from a AZap-cDNA library constructed from a 400 mmol/L NaCl-treated library of Suaeda salsa ...Two different cDNA clones (Sscat1 and Sscat2) encoding catalase, the primary important H2O2-scavenging enzyme, were isolated from a AZap-cDNA library constructed from a 400 mmol/L NaCl-treated library of Suaeda salsa ( L.) Pall aerial tissue. Sscat1 (1.7 kb) contains a full open reading frame of 492 amino acids and Sscat2 (1.1 kb) is a partial clone. BLAST analysis indicates that the two clones share 71.9% identity in nucleotide sequence and 75% identity in deduced amino acid sequence within the last 287 amino acid residues of Sscat1. Southern blotting analysis showed that Sscat1 is multicopy in S. salsa genome, while Sscat2 is a single copy gene. Northern blotting analysis showed a rapid increase in the steady-level of both genes in roots after 48 It salt treatment, but only Sscat1 was induced in salinity treated leaves. Time-course analysis carried out in leaves confirmed that Sscat1 was induced by salt stress, in contrast to Sscat2. These implied that the expression of Sscat1 and Sscat2 genes are differentially regulated in S. salsa. The activity of total catalase is dramatically increased in response to salt stress.展开更多
Catalase (CAT) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) play a vital role in protecting organisms against various oxidative stresses by eliminating H202, The objective of this paper is to evaluate th...Catalase (CAT) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) play a vital role in protecting organisms against various oxidative stresses by eliminating H202, The objective of this paper is to evaluate the roles of these antioxidant molecules in the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda in response to low salinity stress. A complementary DNA (cDNA) containing the complete coding sequence of CAT was cloned from the hepatopancreas using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length cDNA of CAT (2 649 bp) contains a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 78 bp, a 3'- UTR of 1 017 bp, with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame of 1 554 bp encoding a 517-amino-acid polypeptide with predicted molecular mass of 58.46 kDa and estimated isoelectric point of 6.64. This CAT sequence contained the proximal active site signature (60FDRERIPERWHAKGAG76), proximal heme-ligand signature sequence (350RLFSYPDTH358) and three catalytic amino acid residues (His71, Asn144 and Tyr354). Sequence comparison showed that the CAT deduced amino acid sequence of E. carinicauda shared 68%-92% of identities with those of other species. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that CAT mRNA was widely expressed in the hepatopancreas (highest), hemocyte, eyestalk, heart, gill, muscle, ovary and stomach. Under low salinity stress, CAT and GPx mRNA expression levels both in the gill and hepatopancreas increased significantly at the first 48 h and 6 h respectively, indicating a tissue- and time-dependent antioxidant response in E. carinicauda. All these results indicate that E. carinicauda CAT is a member of the CAT family and might be involved in the acute response against low salinity stress.展开更多
Highly sensitive catalase electrodes for sensing hydrogen peroxide have been fabricated based on polypyrrole films with microcontainers. The microcontainers have a cup-like morphology and are arranged in a density of ...Highly sensitive catalase electrodes for sensing hydrogen peroxide have been fabricated based on polypyrrole films with microcontainers. The microcontainers have a cup-like morphology and are arranged in a density of 4000 units cm^-2. Catalase was immobilized into the polypyrrole films with microcontainers (Ppy-mc), which were coated on a Pt substrate electrode. The catalase/Ppy-mc/Pt electrode showed linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the range of 0-18 mmol/L at a potential of-0.3 V (versus SCE). Its sensitivity was measured to be approximately 3.64 μA (mmol/L) ^-1 cm^- 2, which is about two times that of the electrode fabricated from a flat Ppy film (catalase/Ppy-flat/Pt electrode). The electrode is highly selective for hydrogen peroxide and its sensitivity is interfered by potential interferents such as ascorbic acid, urea and fructose. Furthermore, such catalase electrodes showed long-term storage stability of 15 days under dry conditions at 4℃.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Salvianolic radix,one of the most commonly usedtraditional Chinese herbs,was widely studied aboutits actions against liver injury and fibrosis,and wasone of the focuses of recent research.Salvianolic acid...INTRODUCTION Salvianolic radix,one of the most commonly usedtraditional Chinese herbs,was widely studied aboutits actions against liver injury and fibrosis,and wasone of the focuses of recent research.Salvianolic acid-A(SA-A)was an aqueous solublecomponent of Salvianolic radix.In our展开更多
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most virulent gram positive bacteria. It produces a lot of toxins and enzymes, most of which are virulent factors. Among the enzyme that produces is the catalase which i...Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most virulent gram positive bacteria. It produces a lot of toxins and enzymes, most of which are virulent factors. Among the enzyme that produces is the catalase which is very useful in differentiating staphylococci from streptococci [1]. Catalase is nearly ubiquitous among some of organisms that can grow in the presence of oxygen (air). It promotes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide, a powerful and potentially harmful oxidizing agent, to water and molecular oxygen;so the major function of catalase within cells is to prevent the accumulation of toxic levels of hydrogen peroxide formed as a by-product of metabolic processes—primarily that of the electron transport pathway. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to prove that human WBCs can produce H2O2. This H2O2 when reacting with catalase producing S. aureus can easily be degraded to H2O + O2. Methodology: In this study a total of 40 subjects were included. Aliquots of 2.5 ml of venous blood were collected by venous puncture after disinfecting the site of collection with 70% alcohol and the collected blood was drawn into EDITA containers (20 subject) and anticoagulant free containers (other 20 subject), centrifugation for 5 minute at 1500 RPM. The separated sera and plasma were converted to new sterile eppendrof tubes and freezing until used (we leaved the eppendrof tubes that contained sera and plasma at room temperature before using it for DE freezing). Standard catalase producing S. aureus were used by taking 1 colony from Macconkey media by using applicator wooden stick, and inserted in eppendrof tube, then air bubbles would appear to indicate occurrence of the reactions. Results: According to this study, it was proved that WBCs in human plasma or serum can produce H2O2;this H2O2 was reacted with catalase enzyme produce from colony of S. aureus to produce air bubbles and water. There were no differences between using H2O2 or human plasma/serum that contains WBCs to detect and identify S. aureus by both techniques. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we can use WBCs that are found in human plasma or serum to identify catalase producing S. aureus.展开更多
文摘Objective:To investigate the ability of the methanolic extract of pineapple peel to modulate alcohol-induced lipid peroxidation,changes in catalase activities and hepatic biochemical marker levels in blood plasma.Methods:Oxidative stress was induced by oral administration of ethanol(20%w/v) at a dosage of 5 niL/kg bw in rats.After 28 days of treatment,the rats were fasted overnight and sacrificed by cervical dislocation.Blood was collected with a 2 mL syringe by cardiac puncture and was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min.The plasma was analyzed to evaluate malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase activity,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) concentrations.Results:Administration of alcohol caused a drastic increase(87.74%) in MDA level compared with the control.Pineapple peel extract significantly reduced the MDA level by 60.16%at 2.S mL/kg bw.Rats fed alcohol only had the highest catalase activity,treatment with pineapple peel extract at 2.5 mL/kg bw however, reduced the activity.Increased AST,ALP and ALT activities were observed in rats fed alcohol only respectively,treatment with pineapple peel extract drastically reduced their activities. Conclusions:The positive modulation of lipid peroxidation,catalase activities as well as hepatic biomarker levels of blood plasma by the methanolic extract of pineapple peels under alcoholinduced oxidative stress is an indication of its protective ability in the management of alcoholinduced toxicity.
文摘Remote control enzyme technology is widely used today through resonance. In this study, we showed that the use of frequencies of the catalase enzyme itself to increase enzymatic rate is successful not only in test tubes but also remotely. The present study also suggests that, under optimal temperature, the use of bovine catalase frequency (the specific frequency of that enzyme) has a superior rate promoting vibration than the human catalase frequency, and so increases very significantly the chemical rate of bovine catalase (about 120% at 40˚C). It also suggests that bovine catalase subjected to bovine and human frequencies with catalase bound NADP+ experienced more resonance weight towards NADP+ and so were more slowly reduced back to catalase bound NADPH, increasing compound II formation rate, and slowing down the catalase activity rate.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among most common terminal cancer types in the world. Primary etiological factors include cirrhosis, hepatitis, aflatoxin and alcohol. The current study was conducted to determine cytosolic erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase and catalase enzyme activities and levels of some trace elements. For this purpose, 40 patients with primary and metastatic hepatic cancer and 29 healthy volunteers enrolled to the study. Catalase and carbonic anhydrase enzyme activities and serum trace element levels were measured in patient and control groups. In the current study, serum copper, magnesium, manganese and zinc levels were lower in the primary and metastatic hepatic cancer group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, serum iron, cobalt, cadmium and lead levels were higher in the patient relative to the control group (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control group, the catalase level was lower in primary and metastatic cancer group, while the carbonic anhydrase level was higher in the cancer group (P < 0.05). Changes in levels of trace elements and anti-oxidant enzymes may be the factors which influence the development and progression of liver cancer. The carbonic anhydrase enzyme can be a useful indicator in the diagnosis of cancer. However, this issue warrants further investigation.
文摘Aim: In order to decipher the mechanisms underlying the known protective effects of the thermal water from Uriage-les-Bains (TWFULB) on the skin barrier function, we studied its antioxidant properties as well as its effect on the expression of the tight-junctional protein claudin-6, a candidate tumor suppressor factor. Study Design/Methods: In a first step, TBARS and SOD activity assays were performed in an in vitro model of human dermal fibroblasts treated by hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HO/XO) mixture, in order to evaluate the own antioxidant effect of the thermal water. In a second step, human keratinocytes irradiated or not by UVB were used to evaluate the protective role of TWFULB on nuclear DNA damage using a comet assay. In a third step, an ex vivo model of human skin explants irradiated or not by UVA and UVB was used to evaluate the effect of TWFULB on the intracellular catalase activity and on the cutaneous claudin-6 expression. Results: TWFULB showed significant protective effects against oxidative stress induced by HO/XO: the cell viability was improved and the lipid peroxidation was reduced. The tested thermal water also showed significant SOD-like activity and protective effect on the UVB-stressed DNA. Considering the ex vivo models of skin explants, TWFULB was able to counterbalance the “negative” effect of UVB on the intracellular catalase activity and on the cutaneous claudin-6 expression.Conclusion: This multiparametric approach shows the antioxidant activity of TWFULB and emphasizes its role in the DNA protection of the cutaneous tissue in front of the UV irradiations, and finally suggests that some effects could involve the candidate suppressor functions of claudin-6.
文摘[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants.[Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were investigated in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)seedlings under Hg2+ stress at different concentrations.[Result]① There were no obvious effects on the growth of seedlings when the concentration of Hg2+ was lower than 0.10 mmol/L.However,toxic effects on the growth of seedling were observed when the concentration of Hg2+ was higher than 0.10 mmol/L.② Different tissues showed different resistant ability in response to Hg2+ stress.The leaves and roots of wheat seedlings were more insensitive to Hg2+ toxicity.③ CAT was more sensitive to Hg2+ stress compared to POD and SOD.[Conclusion]The toxic effect was related to the concentration of Hg2+(0.10 mmol/L).The higher concentration of Hg2+ could affect the expression of POD,CAT,and SOD isozymes in the leaves,roots of wheat seedlings and germinated seeds,which further affect the normal metabolism of membrane lipid and inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings at last.
文摘water soluble protein fraction (WSPF) content along with the SOD and the CAT activities were comparatively monitored in leaf blades, sheaths and roots. S-deprivation progressively diminished WSPF first in the sheaths, two days later in the blades, and four days later in the root. SOD activity per mg WSPF decreased at d2, whilst it increased for the next four days. After d6, SOD activities of roots and sheaths decreased, followed by the blades at d10. CAT activity per mg WSPF at d2 decreased only in blades, whilst increased in both sheaths and roots (more in sheaths). After d6 decreased CAT activity was found only in roots. No other decreases were observed in blades and sheaths. SOD and CAT specific activities on DM basis presented an oscillation pattern with the increase of DM. S-deprivation altered this picture, by reversing the oscillation pattern and by decreasing the trendlines. SOD specific activity initially decreased in –S sheaths and roots, whilst it remained unchanged in –S blades. Then it increased abruptly, decreased in an exponential manner and stabilised in all three organs. S-deprivation caused an early fluctuation of the CAT activity and then diverse responses;in blades a late increase in CAT activity was observed and decreases in the other two organs. S-deprivation seemed to reverse the oscillation pattern of CAT specific activity differentially for each organ type.
文摘Various inflammatory stimuli are able to modify or even"re-program"the mitochondrial metabolism that results in generation of reactive oxygen species.In noncommunicable chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathologies,type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome,these modifications become systemic and are characterized by chronic inflammation and,in particular,"neuroinflammation"in the central nervous system.The processes associated with chronic inflammation are frequently grouped into"vicious circles"which are able to stimulate each other constantly amplifying the pathological events.These circles are evidently observed in Alzheimer's disease,atherosclerosis,type 2 diabetes,metabolic syndrome and,possibly,other associated pathologies.Furthermore,chronic inflammation in peripheral tissues is frequently concomitant to Alzheimer's disease.This is supposedly associated with some common genetic polymorphisms,for example,Apolipoprotein-Eε4 allele carriers with Alzheimer's disease can also develop atherosclerosis.Notably,in the transgenic mice expressing the recombinant mitochondria targeted catalase,that removes hydrogen peroxide from mitochondria,demonstrates the significant pathology amelioration and health improvements.In addition,the beneficial effects of some natural products from the xanthophyll family,astaxanthin and fucoxanthin,which are able to target the reactive oxygen species at cellular or mitochondrial membranes,have been demonstrated in both animal and human studies.We propose that the normalization of mitochondrial functions could play a key role in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and other noncommunicable diseases associated with chronic inflammation in ageing.Furthermore,some prospective drugs based on mitochondria targeted catalase or xanthophylls could be used as an effective treatment of these pathologies,especially at early stages of their development.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Program Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China,No. 20060284044the Outstanding Medical Scholar Program of Jiangsu Province,No. RC2007006the Medical Science and Technology Development Program of Nanjing,No. YKK08070
文摘BACKGROUND:Mailuoning, a Chinese herb, has been widely used in China to treat acute ischemic stroke, and the major component exhibits anti-oxidative effects. However, the precise anti-oxidation pathway remains uncertain.OBJECTIVE:To validate the protective effects of Mailuoning on H202-induced primary cortical neuron injury in embryonic mice.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:Comparative observation and in v#ro experiments were performed at the Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine from January 2008 to September 2009.MATERIALS:Mailuoning (Nanjing Jinling Medical Company, China), reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, China), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn SOD kit, malondialdehyde (MDA) kits (Nanjing Jiancheng, China), mitochondrial membrane potential (GMS10013.1, GENMED, USA) and catalase activity assay kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, China) were utilized for the present study.METHODS:Mouse embryonic cortical neurons were isolated and cultured with culture medium containing H2O2 (80 μmol/L) and/or Mailuoning (1.25 μg/mL) for 24 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Neuronal viability and death were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazdium and flow cytometry; ROS production was determined by flow cytometry; mitochondriai membrane potential was detected using fluorescent staining; SOD activity was detected using a modified nitroblue tetrazolium method; Cu/Zn SOD and catalase activity was detected by spectrophotometry; and MDA was determined using the lipid peroxidation method.RESULTS:H2O2 increased ROS production and MDA concentration (P 〈 0.05), and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, SOD, Cu/Zn SOD and catalase activity (P 〈 0.05); the number of surviving neurons (P 〈 0.05) was also reduced. Mai/uoning reversed these changes.CONCLUSION:Mailuoning protects H2O2-induced injury in cortical cells by inhibiting ROS and MDA, increasing depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, and enhancing SOD and catalase activity.
文摘The advantages of measuring hepatic oxidative status in liver biopsy are that it helps in diagnosis of hepatic dysfunction, reflects the degree of deterioration in the liver tissues, and helps to determine the severity of hepatic injury. We aimed to study the oxidative stress state in children with chronic hepatitis by using indirect approach in which antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) are determined in the liver tissue. The present study included 21 children and adolescents (12 males, 9 females) suffering from chronic hepatitis. Patients were selected from the Hepatology Clinic, New Children’s Hospital, Cairo University from November 2006 till 2009 and compared with a group of 7 children who happened to have incidental normal liver biopsy. Children with chronic hepatitis had mean age 8.12 ± 1.15 years. It was further subdivided into 2 subgroups: chronic viral heaptitis (n = 13) and cryptogenic hepatitis (n = 8). GPX, SOD and CAT levels were measured in fresh liver tissue (cell free homogenates) using ELISA. In chronic hepatitis group;there was a significant increase in the hepatic GPX activity (38.59 ± 35.82 nmol/min/ml) as compared to the control group (10.62 ± 6.68 nmol/min/ml). Also a significant correlation was observed between SOD and both ALT (r = 0.87, p < 0.05) and AST (r = 0.74, p < 0.05). GPX correlated with ALT (r = 0.80, p < 0.05) level in the chronic viral hepatitis subgroup. Our findings suggest that oxidative stress could play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis. These preliminary results are encouraging to conduct more extensive clinical studies combining antioxidant therapy with various treatments.
文摘The effect of refined petroleum products on the activities of selected enzymes (catalase and dehydrogenase) was studied. There was a significant decrease (p kerosene > diesel > engine oil. However, a significant increase (p diesel > petrol > engine oil. On the whole the results reveal that refined petroleum products alter soil biochemistry.
文摘Change in catalase activity was examined in leaves of rice plant exposed to salinity. Depending on the method of preparation of crude protein extract from leaf and the constituents of the assay medium, a significant difference in enzyme activity was recorded. Inclusion of sorbitol or mannitol or sucrose in the extraction and enzyme assay medium enhanced the enzyme activity in salt-stressed samples by nearly 1.5-1.8 fold, compared to the activity found in un- stressed plants, which otherwise showed a 50% declined activity in leaf extract prepared in buffer solution and assayed in a medium depleted of these sugars. In view of the accumulation of osmolytes under saline condition, these observations suggest that the catalase activity is modulated by the osmolytes and maintains a high rate of hydrogen peroxide scavenging property in vivo and serves as the major antioxidant enzyme to scavenge the salt-induced formation of peroxide. Therefore, the salt-stress induced appearance of low activity of the enzyme under normal buffer extraction and assay conditions, as reported in literature may represent an apparent than for its real in vivo activity.
文摘The critical antioxidant catalase(CAT)breaks down hydrogen peroxide induced by environmental stresses.Here we cloned full length catalase cDNA from Lymantria dispar asiatic(LdCAT).Bioinformatic analyses showed that open reading frames of LdCAT contains 1524 bp,encoding 507 amino acids with molecular weight of 126.99 kDa,theoretical pI of 5.00,aliphatic index of 29.92,grand average of hydropathicity of 0.764,and instability index(II)of 46.56.Protein BLAST and multiple sequence alignment indicated that LdCAT had high identity with CAT from other insects,especially lepidopterans.In a phylogenetic analysis,LdCAT was most similar to CAT from Spodoptera litura and S.exigua.Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction showed that LdCAT transcripts in all instar larvae and the five tissues tested,verifying the ubiquity of LdCAT in L.disapr.Moreover,LdCAT of third instar larvae was significantly upregulated after they fed on avermectin at sublethal and LC10 doses.The highest relative transcript levels were found 2 h after an avermectin spray at LC90,and in the cuticula,rather than heads,fat bodies,malpighian tubes,and midguts after a spray avermectin at a sublethal concentration.The expression level of LdCAT under pesticide stresses here suggested that CAT is an important antioxidant enzyme of L.disapr defensing against pesticide stress and may be a good target for controlling this pest.
文摘Two different cDNA clones (Sscat1 and Sscat2) encoding catalase, the primary important H2O2-scavenging enzyme, were isolated from a AZap-cDNA library constructed from a 400 mmol/L NaCl-treated library of Suaeda salsa ( L.) Pall aerial tissue. Sscat1 (1.7 kb) contains a full open reading frame of 492 amino acids and Sscat2 (1.1 kb) is a partial clone. BLAST analysis indicates that the two clones share 71.9% identity in nucleotide sequence and 75% identity in deduced amino acid sequence within the last 287 amino acid residues of Sscat1. Southern blotting analysis showed that Sscat1 is multicopy in S. salsa genome, while Sscat2 is a single copy gene. Northern blotting analysis showed a rapid increase in the steady-level of both genes in roots after 48 It salt treatment, but only Sscat1 was induced in salinity treated leaves. Time-course analysis carried out in leaves confirmed that Sscat1 was induced by salt stress, in contrast to Sscat2. These implied that the expression of Sscat1 and Sscat2 genes are differentially regulated in S. salsa. The activity of total catalase is dramatically increased in response to salt stress.
基金The Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System under contract No.CARS-47the National High-tech R&D Program(863 Program) of China under contract No.2012AA10A409+1 种基金the Special Fund for Independent Innovation of Shandong Province under contract No.2013CX80202the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest under contract No.201103034
文摘Catalase (CAT) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) play a vital role in protecting organisms against various oxidative stresses by eliminating H202, The objective of this paper is to evaluate the roles of these antioxidant molecules in the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda in response to low salinity stress. A complementary DNA (cDNA) containing the complete coding sequence of CAT was cloned from the hepatopancreas using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length cDNA of CAT (2 649 bp) contains a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 78 bp, a 3'- UTR of 1 017 bp, with a poly (A) tail, and an open reading frame of 1 554 bp encoding a 517-amino-acid polypeptide with predicted molecular mass of 58.46 kDa and estimated isoelectric point of 6.64. This CAT sequence contained the proximal active site signature (60FDRERIPERWHAKGAG76), proximal heme-ligand signature sequence (350RLFSYPDTH358) and three catalytic amino acid residues (His71, Asn144 and Tyr354). Sequence comparison showed that the CAT deduced amino acid sequence of E. carinicauda shared 68%-92% of identities with those of other species. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that CAT mRNA was widely expressed in the hepatopancreas (highest), hemocyte, eyestalk, heart, gill, muscle, ovary and stomach. Under low salinity stress, CAT and GPx mRNA expression levels both in the gill and hepatopancreas increased significantly at the first 48 h and 6 h respectively, indicating a tissue- and time-dependent antioxidant response in E. carinicauda. All these results indicate that E. carinicauda CAT is a member of the CAT family and might be involved in the acute response against low salinity stress.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50533030, 20374034 and 50225311) and 973 projects (No. 2003CB615700).
文摘Highly sensitive catalase electrodes for sensing hydrogen peroxide have been fabricated based on polypyrrole films with microcontainers. The microcontainers have a cup-like morphology and are arranged in a density of 4000 units cm^-2. Catalase was immobilized into the polypyrrole films with microcontainers (Ppy-mc), which were coated on a Pt substrate electrode. The catalase/Ppy-mc/Pt electrode showed linear response to hydrogen peroxide in the range of 0-18 mmol/L at a potential of-0.3 V (versus SCE). Its sensitivity was measured to be approximately 3.64 μA (mmol/L) ^-1 cm^- 2, which is about two times that of the electrode fabricated from a flat Ppy film (catalase/Ppy-flat/Pt electrode). The electrode is highly selective for hydrogen peroxide and its sensitivity is interfered by potential interferents such as ascorbic acid, urea and fructose. Furthermore, such catalase electrodes showed long-term storage stability of 15 days under dry conditions at 4℃.
文摘INTRODUCTION Salvianolic radix,one of the most commonly usedtraditional Chinese herbs,was widely studied aboutits actions against liver injury and fibrosis,and wasone of the focuses of recent research.Salvianolic acid-A(SA-A)was an aqueous solublecomponent of Salvianolic radix.In our
文摘Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most virulent gram positive bacteria. It produces a lot of toxins and enzymes, most of which are virulent factors. Among the enzyme that produces is the catalase which is very useful in differentiating staphylococci from streptococci [1]. Catalase is nearly ubiquitous among some of organisms that can grow in the presence of oxygen (air). It promotes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide, a powerful and potentially harmful oxidizing agent, to water and molecular oxygen;so the major function of catalase within cells is to prevent the accumulation of toxic levels of hydrogen peroxide formed as a by-product of metabolic processes—primarily that of the electron transport pathway. Objectives: The main aim of this study is to prove that human WBCs can produce H2O2. This H2O2 when reacting with catalase producing S. aureus can easily be degraded to H2O + O2. Methodology: In this study a total of 40 subjects were included. Aliquots of 2.5 ml of venous blood were collected by venous puncture after disinfecting the site of collection with 70% alcohol and the collected blood was drawn into EDITA containers (20 subject) and anticoagulant free containers (other 20 subject), centrifugation for 5 minute at 1500 RPM. The separated sera and plasma were converted to new sterile eppendrof tubes and freezing until used (we leaved the eppendrof tubes that contained sera and plasma at room temperature before using it for DE freezing). Standard catalase producing S. aureus were used by taking 1 colony from Macconkey media by using applicator wooden stick, and inserted in eppendrof tube, then air bubbles would appear to indicate occurrence of the reactions. Results: According to this study, it was proved that WBCs in human plasma or serum can produce H2O2;this H2O2 was reacted with catalase enzyme produce from colony of S. aureus to produce air bubbles and water. There were no differences between using H2O2 or human plasma/serum that contains WBCs to detect and identify S. aureus by both techniques. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we can use WBCs that are found in human plasma or serum to identify catalase producing S. aureus.