本文基于因果推断理论,提出根据病人的生物标记物进行最优治疗方案选择的统计方法.这种方法是基于CATE(conditional average treatment effect)曲线以及CATE曲线的置信带(SCB)的.CSTE曲线表示给定生物标记物(协变量)的条件下,处理组的...本文基于因果推断理论,提出根据病人的生物标记物进行最优治疗方案选择的统计方法.这种方法是基于CATE(conditional average treatment effect)曲线以及CATE曲线的置信带(SCB)的.CSTE曲线表示给定生物标记物(协变量)的条件下,处理组的条件平均处理效应.同时,CATE曲线及其SCB可以被用于对特定的治疗方案选择适宜的病人.文中利用B样条方法估计CATE曲线及其CSB,并推导了其近似大样本性质.文中还通过模拟比较研究了CATE曲线的置信带的有限样本性质,并阐述了CATE曲线及其置信带在真实数据中如何选择最优治疗方案.展开更多
Pt-based magnetic nano catalysts are one of the most suitable cand idates for electrocatalytic materials due to their high electrochemistry activity and retrievability.Unfortunately,the inferior durability prevents th...Pt-based magnetic nano catalysts are one of the most suitable cand idates for electrocatalytic materials due to their high electrochemistry activity and retrievability.Unfortunately,the inferior durability prevents them from being scaled-up,limiting their commercial applications.Herein,an antiferromagnetic element Mn was introduced into PtCo nanostructured alloy to synthesize uniform Mn-PtCo truncated octahedral nanoparticles(TONPs)by one-pot method.Our results show that Mn can tune the blocking temperature of Mn-PtCo TONPs due to its an tiferromag netism.At low temperatures,Mn-PtCo TONPs are ferromag netic,and the coercivity in creases gradually with in creasi ng Mn contents.At room temperature,the Mn-PtCo TONPs display superparamag netic behavior,which is greatly helpful for in dustrial recycling.Mn doping can not only modify the electronic structure of PtCo TONPs but also enhanee electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation reaction.The maximum specific activity of Mn-PtCo-3 reaches 8.1 A`m^-2,3.6 times of commercial Pt/C(2.2 A·m^-2)and 1.4 times of PtCo TONPs(5.6 A`m^-2),respectively.The mass activity decreases by only 30%after 2,000 cycles,while it is 45%and 99%(nearly inactive)for PtCo TONPs and commercial Pt/C catalysts,respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundataion of China(Grant No.81773546)。
文摘本文基于因果推断理论,提出根据病人的生物标记物进行最优治疗方案选择的统计方法.这种方法是基于CATE(conditional average treatment effect)曲线以及CATE曲线的置信带(SCB)的.CSTE曲线表示给定生物标记物(协变量)的条件下,处理组的条件平均处理效应.同时,CATE曲线及其SCB可以被用于对特定的治疗方案选择适宜的病人.文中利用B样条方法估计CATE曲线及其CSB,并推导了其近似大样本性质.文中还通过模拟比较研究了CATE曲线的置信带的有限样本性质,并阐述了CATE曲线及其置信带在真实数据中如何选择最优治疗方案.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.51625101,51431009,5180118&and 51701202)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(No.2015CB921401)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University Universities of China(No.FRF-TP-16-001C2)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M632792)Startup Research Fund of Zhengzhou University(No.32210815)Bejing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z180014).
文摘Pt-based magnetic nano catalysts are one of the most suitable cand idates for electrocatalytic materials due to their high electrochemistry activity and retrievability.Unfortunately,the inferior durability prevents them from being scaled-up,limiting their commercial applications.Herein,an antiferromagnetic element Mn was introduced into PtCo nanostructured alloy to synthesize uniform Mn-PtCo truncated octahedral nanoparticles(TONPs)by one-pot method.Our results show that Mn can tune the blocking temperature of Mn-PtCo TONPs due to its an tiferromag netism.At low temperatures,Mn-PtCo TONPs are ferromag netic,and the coercivity in creases gradually with in creasi ng Mn contents.At room temperature,the Mn-PtCo TONPs display superparamag netic behavior,which is greatly helpful for in dustrial recycling.Mn doping can not only modify the electronic structure of PtCo TONPs but also enhanee electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation reaction.The maximum specific activity of Mn-PtCo-3 reaches 8.1 A`m^-2,3.6 times of commercial Pt/C(2.2 A·m^-2)and 1.4 times of PtCo TONPs(5.6 A`m^-2),respectively.The mass activity decreases by only 30%after 2,000 cycles,while it is 45%and 99%(nearly inactive)for PtCo TONPs and commercial Pt/C catalysts,respectively.
