Expression of <i>HMGR</i>in Lilu cattle tissues

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR ) is an essential enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. To study the expression of HMGR in adipose and muscle tissues, and some performance indexes of four age stages, twelve Lilu cattle were selected. The results indicated that the Lilu beef cattle have good production and slaughter performance. HMGR mRNA expression level in adipose was higher than in muscle, but the trend in adipose was the same as in muscle. HMGR mRNA expression is difference in adipose and muscle tissues suggesting this gene is expressed in a tissue-dependent manner in cattle. Understanding the causes of variation in HMGR gene expression may provide crucial information about cholesterol biosynthesis in Lilu beef cattle.

Transcriptional Features of Cattle Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues: A Study of RNA-seq

Visceral and subcutaneous are the two major types of bovine adipose tissues, and they show metabolic and functional differences according to their distribution, exploring the transcriptional features of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues is necessary. In the present study, we conducted RNA-seq analysis to compare the transcriptome between visceral (great omental) and subcutaneous (backfat) adipose tissues from Chinese Simmental cattle and validate them by qRT-PCR. We found that 5864 genes were differentially expressed between two tissues, including 2979 up-regulated and 2885 down-regulated in visceral adipose tissue. Functional analysis revealed a variety of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism and immune response processes. This may provide valuable information to further our understanding of the complexity of gene regulation governing the physiology of different fat depots. This work highlighted potential genes regulating lipid metabolism and immune responses;it may contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic and functional differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues.

Pre-operative visceral adipose tissue radiodensity is a potentially novel prognostic biomarker for early endoscopic post-operative recurrence in Crohn’s disease

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests inflammatory mesenteric fat is involved in post-operative recurrence(POR)of Crohn’s disease(CD).However,its prognostic value is INTRODUCTION Crohn’s disease(CD)is a debilitating chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease(IMID)of the gastrointestinal tract that is increasing in incidence and prevalence globally[1].CD patients often undergo surgery for disease-related complic-ations and/or medically refractory disease.Unfortunately,surgery is not curative,and many patients develop post-operative recurrence(POR)of CD with a significant proportion eventually requiring additional surgeries.With advances in early detection and therapeutics,the contemporary 10-year risk of surgery has improved from 50%to 26%,but the risk of recurrent surgery has remained unchanged at 30%,suggesting a need to improve post-operative management strategies[2].Presently,there are two accepted strategies to mitigate POR,but each have potential limitations.Firstly,patients start early post-operative pharmacologic prophylaxis within 4-6 wk after surgery.This strategy can potentially overtreat a subset of patient who may not develop long-term disease recurrence off therapy.Consequently,these patients are at risk of medication-related adverse events and the direct and indirect costs associated with therapy with little or no benefit[3].The second strategy is performing early colonoscopy within 6-12 months after surgery and escalating therapy based on FOOTNOTES Author contributions:Gu P is the guarantor of the article and was involved in concept and design,data collection,statistical analysis,drafting of manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Dube S and Choi SY were involved in statistical analysis,drafting of the manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Gellada N,Win S,Lee YJ and Yang S were involved in the data collection,drafting of the manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Haritunians T and Li D were involved in data analysis and interpretation,drafting of manuscript and final approval of manuscript;Melmed GY,Yarur AJ,Fleshner P,Kallman C and Devkota S were involved in study concept and design,data interpretation,drafting of manuscript and final approval of manuscript;Vasiliauskas EA,Bonthala N,Syal G,Ziring D and Targan SR were involved in data interpretation,drafting of manuscript and final approval of manuscript;Rabizadeh S was involved in study concept and design,drafting of manuscript and final approval of manuscript;McGovern DPB was involved in concept and design,statistical analysis,drafting of manuscript and final approval of manuscript.

Population genomics reveals that natural variation in PRDM16 contributes to cold tolerance in domestic cattle

Environmental temperature serves as a major driver of adaptive changes in wild organisms.To discover the mechanisms underpinning cold tolerance in domestic animals,we sequenced the genomes of 28 cattle from warm and cold areas across China.By characterizing the population structure and demographic history,we identified two genetic clusters,i.e.,northern and southern groups,as well as a common historic population peak at 30 kilo years ago.Genomic scan of cold-tolerant breeds determined potential candidate genes in the thermogenesis-related pathways that were under selection.Specifically,functional analysis identified a substitution of PRDM16(p.P779 L)in northern cattle,which maintains brown adipocyte formation by boosting thermogenesis-related gene expression,indicating a vital role of this gene in cold tolerance.These findings provide a basis for genetic variation in domestic cattle shaped by environmental temperature and highlight the role of reverse mutation in livestock species.

Distribution of Selenium and Mercury in Heilongjiang Province and Its Effect on Body of Beef Cattle

The aim of this study was to study the distribution of Selenium （Se） and Mercury （Hg） in feed and drinking water in Heilongjiang Province and the effect on body of beef cattle. The experiment selected four areas of Qiqihar, Harbin, Jixi and Hegang Cities in Heilongjiang Province. In each area, a pasture was selected. Five beef cattle from each ranch were collected. At the same time, blood, liver, muscle, kidney, urine and faece of the cattle were collected, as well as drinking water, feed and formula feed from the ranch. The contents of Se and Hg in the collected samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the contents of Se in liver, kidney, urine and blood of beef cattle were increased with the increase of Se contents in drinking water, while the contents of Se in muscle tissue and manure were decreased. When the contents of Se in feed increased, the contents of them in muscle, manure and liver of beef cattle were increased frst and then decreased, while the contents of Se in kidney, urine and blood were decreased frst and then increased. When Hg contents in drinking water were increased, the contents of them in beef cattle tissue, blood and manure were increased frst and then decreased, and the contents of Se in urine were increased frst and them decreased. And when Hg contents in feed increased, the contents of Se and Me were also increased. In conclusion, Se and Hg contents in these areas were within the safety standards, meanwhile, the contents of Se and Hg in body tissues of beef cattle were affected to varying degrees by the contents of selenium and mercury in feed.

Distribution of ^3H—nicotine in Rat Tissues Under the Influence of Simulated Microgravity

Rat tail suspension offers a useful model to reproduce physiologic responses to weightlessness.The present study was conducted in the head-down-tilt(HDT) rat model to assess changes in metabolism of body tissues employing 3H-nicotine. Twelve male rats were used in the study. Half of the rats were tail suspended at 30°for two weeks on a 12/12 light/dark cycle. During this period,body weight, food and fluid intakes were measured. At term, animals were anesthetized and injected IV withe a solution contaming 4 microuries of micotine. After 90 min the animals were sacrificed, exsanguinated and tissues (brain,blood,trachea,salivary gland,lung,heart,esophagus,spleen, kidneys and testes) were harvested. The distribution of 3H-nicotine per gram of each tissue was determinded and ealeulated as percent of total injected radioactivity. Final body weights of suspended ammals were significantly (P < 0.0 5) lower than those of eontrols(309±21 vs 350±11g). 3HNicotine waw retained in greatest amounts by the kindneys, followed inorder by salivary glands, spleen, and gastrointestinal tissues. compared to non-suspended control, the tissue retention of nicotine in suspended animals was decreased in the following tissues:esphyagus (25 %), aorta (25%). fundus (25%), trachea (22%), adrenals (18%), spleen (17 %), and pancreas (12 %). The decreased retention of mcotine in tissues from suspended animals may be indicative of the fluid shifts and changes in blood flow to those tissue beds. The lack of differnces in nicotine retention in liver and kidney between control and suspended groups may implicate a normal metabolic function of these organs even under simulated weightlessness.

基于去偏置项SoftMax和紧致度量损失函数的牛脸识别方法

为了实现精准畜牧业生产及畜牧业保险理赔中牛只身份的准确识别,试验提出了基于去偏置项SoftMax和紧致度量损失函数的牛脸识别方法,即采用深度卷积神经网络(deep convolutional neural networks,DCNNs)模型提取特征,利用去偏置项SoftMax损失函数优化特征空间中的特征分布,提高特征线性可分辨性,解决特征归一化后在投影超平面上的重叠问题;采用紧致度量损失函数结合去偏置项SoftMax损失函数联合监督模型训练,使同类特征与类内特征的平均距离最小化,提高特征聚类的紧凑性和可辨识性,同时兼顾了类内样本分布的多样性;最后试验将本算法(去偏置项SoftMax和紧致度量损失函数联合监督算法)与ArcFace损失函数、标准SoftMax损失函数、去偏置项SoftMax损失函数、标准SoftMax损失函数结合紧致度量损失函数进行了性能对分分析。结果表明:本算法的识别准确率在所有模型中最高,为97.61%;且能对高相似度牛脸正确识别。说明基于去偏置项SoftMax和紧致度量损失函数的牛脸识别方法可满足牧场牛只身份识别要求。

Role of gut microbiota in Crohn’s disease pathogenesis:Insights from fecal microbiota transplantation in mouse model

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease,particularly Crohn’s disease(CD),has been associated with alterations in mesenteric adipose tissue(MAT)and the phenomenon termed“creeping fat”.Histopathological evaluations showed that MAT and intestinal tissues were significantly altered in patients with CD,with these tissues characterized by inflammation and fibrosis.AIM To evaluate the complex interplay among MAT,creeping fat,inflammation,and gut microbiota in CD.METHODS Intestinal tissue and MAT were collected from 12 patients with CD.Histological manifestations and protein expression levels were analyzed to determine lesion characteristics.Fecal samples were collected from five recently treated CD patients and five control subjects and transplanted into mice.The intestinal and mesenteric lesions in these mice,as well as their systemic inflammatory status,were assessed and compared in mice transplanted with fecal samples from CD patients and control subjects.RESULTS Pathological examination of MAT showed significant differences between CDaffected and unaffected colons,including significant differences in gut microbiota structure.Fetal microbiota transplantation(FMT)from clinically healthy donors into mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced CD ameliorated CD symptoms,whereas FMT from CD patients into these mice exacerbated CD symptoms.Notably,FMT influenced intestinal permeability,barrier function,and levels of proinflammatory factors and adipokines.Furthermore,FMT from CD patients intensified fibrotic changes in the colon tissues of mice with TNBS-induced CD.CONCLUSION Gut microbiota play a critical role in the histopathology of CD.Targeting MAT and creeping fat may therefore have potential in the treatment of patients with CD.

Comparative Studies of Substrate and Inhibitor Specificity of Glutathione S-Transferases in Six Tissues of Oxya chinensis(Thunberg)(Orthoptera:Acrididae)

Specific activity, substrate specificity, and kinetic parameters （Km and Vmax） of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs） towards three substrates, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene （CDNB）, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene （DCNB）, and p-nitrobenzene chloride （pNBC） were investigated in six tissues （foregut, midgut, hindgut, fat body, hemolymph, and muscle） of Oxya chinensis. In addition, the inhibition in vitro （ethacrynic acid, and Cibacron Blue 3GA） of Oxya chinensis in the six tissues was also investigated. Glutathione S-transferase activity was detected in all the six tissues examined. The rank order of GST activities towards CDNB was fat body 〉 midgut 〉 hindgut 〉 muscle 〉 foregut 〉 hemolymph both in females and males. Glutathione S-transferase activities in the fat body in females and males were 1.3- to 10.4-fold and 1.1- to 10.0- fold higher than those in the other tissues. The rank order of GST activities towards the other substrates changed slightly. From these results, it was inferred that GSTs in the fat body and midgut played important roles in detoxifying xenobiotics including insecticides and plant allelochemicals in O. chinensis. In the three substrates examined, CDNB seemed to be the best substrate, followed by pNBC and DCNB. The kinetic parameters of GSTs were different among the six tissues. This suggested that GSTs in different tissues have various affinities and catalytic efficiency to substrates. In vitro inhibition study showed that the median inhibition concentration （IC50） values of the two inhibitors to GSTs from the six tissues were different. The results suggested that the two inhibitors have different inhibition potency to GSTs from the different tissues. The observed changes in kinetic parameters and inhibition in vitro among the six tissues of the insect might suggest that the number and structure of isoenzymes and their rate of expression varied for the different tissues.

China’s Cattle Rearing on the Rise With Aid From the UN

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Vitamin A regulates intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle development:promoting high-quality beef production

During growth in cattle,the development of intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle is dependent upon cell hyperplasia(increased number of adipocytes)and hypertrophy(increased size of adipocytes).Based on the results of previous studies,other adipose tissue depots(e.g.,perirenal and subcutaneous)develop from the fetal stage primarily as brown adipose tissue.The hyperplastic stage of intramuscular adipose is considered to develop from late pregnancy,but there is no evidence indicating that intramuscular adipose tissue develops initially as brown adipose tissue.Hyperplastic growth of intramuscular adipose continues well into postweaning and is dependent on the timing of the transition to grain-based diets;thereafter,the late-stage development of intramuscular adipose tissue is dominated by hypertrophy.For muscle development,hyperplasia of myoblasts lasts from early(following development of somites in the embryo)to middle pregnancy,after which growth of muscle is the result of hypertrophy of myofibers.Vitamin A is a fat-soluble compound that is required for the normal immunologic function,vision,cellular proliferation,and differentiation.Here we review the roles of vitamin A in intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle development in cattle.Vitamin A regulates both hyperplasia and hypertrophy in in vitro experiments.Vitamin A supplementation at the early stage and restriction at fattening stage generate opposite effects in the beef cattle.Appropriate vitamin A supplementation and restriction strategy increase intramuscular adipose tissue development(i.e.,marbling or intramuscular fat)in some in vivo trials.Besides,hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myoblasts/myotubes were affected by vitamin A treatment in in vitro trials.Additionally,some studies reported an interaction between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1C(ADH1C)genotype and vitamin A feed restriction for the development of marbling and/or intramuscular adipose tissue,which was dependent on the timing and level of vitamin A restriction.Therefore,the feed strategy of vitamin A has the visible impact on the marbling and muscle development in the cattle,which will be helpful to promote the quality of the beef.

Connective tissue diseases in primary biliary cirrhosis:A population-based cohort study

AIM:To establish the frequency and clinical features of connective tissue diseases(CTDs)in a cohort of Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:Three-hundred and twenty-two Chinese PBC patients were screened for the presence of CTD,and the systemic involvement was assessed.The differences in clinical features and laboratory findings between PBC patients with and without CTD were documented.The diversity of incidence of CTDs in PBC of different countries and areas was discussed.For the comparison of normally distributed data,Student’s t test was used,while non-parametric test(Wilcoxon test)for the non-normally distributed data and 2×2χ2or Fisher’s exact tests for the ratio.RESULTS:One-hundred and fifty(46.6%)PBC patients had one or more CTDs.The most common CTD was Sj gren’s syndrome(SS,121 cases,36.2%).There were nine cases of systemic sclerosis(SSc,2.8%),12of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE,3.7%),nine of rheumatoid arthritis(RA,2.8%),and 10 of polymyositis(PM,3.1%)in this cohort.Compared to patients with PBC only,the PBC+SS patients were more likely to have fever and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),higher serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels and more frequent rheumatoid factor(RF)and interstitial lung disease(ILD)incidences;PBC+SSc patients had higher frequency of ILD;PBC+SLE patients had lower white blood cell(WBC)count,hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and immunoglobulin M levels,but higher frequency of renal involvement;PBC+RA patients had lower Hb,higher serum IgG,alkaline phosphatase,faster ESR and a higher ratio of RF positivity;PBC+PM patients had higher WBC count and a tendency towards myocardial involvement.CONCLUSION:Besides the common liver manifestation of PBC,systemic involvement and overlaps with other CTDs are not infrequent in Chinese patients.When overlapping with other CTDs,PBC patients manifested some special clinical and laboratory features which may have effect on the prognosis.

S100B protein in tissue development,repair and regeneration

The Ca 2+-binding protein of the EF-hand type,S100B,exerts both intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities.As an intracellular regulator,S100B is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism,transcription,protein phosphorylation,cell proliferation,survival,differentiation and motility,and Ca 2+ homeostasis,by interacting with a wide array of proteins(i.e.,enzymes,enzyme substrates,cytoskeletal subunits,scaffold/adaptor proteins,transcription factors,ubiquitin E3 ligases,ion channels) in a restricted number of cell types.As an extracellular signal,S100B engages the pattern recognition receptor,receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE),on immune cells as well as on neuronal,astrocytic and microglial cells,vascular smooth muscle cells,skeletal myoblasts and cardiomyocytes.However,RAGE may not be the sole receptor activated by S100B,the protein being able to enhance bFGF-FGFR1 signaling by interacting with FGFR1-bound bFGF in particular cell types.Moreover,extracellular effects of S100B vary depending on its local concentration.Increasing evidence suggests that at the concentration found in extracellular fluids in normal physiological conditions and locally upon acute tissue injury,which is up to a few nM levels,S100B exerts trophic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system and in skeletal muscle tissue thus participating in tissue homeostasis.The present commentary summarizes results implicating intracellular and extracellular S100B in tissue development,repair and regeneration.

Primary thymic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with multiple thin walled lung cysts: case report and literature review

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue （MALT） lymphoma of the thymus is rare. We reported a case of a 37-year-old Chinese female with Sjtgren＇s syndrome and hyperglobulinemia. She suffered from chronic cough for 3 weeks. Chest computed tomography （CT） demonstrated a multiloculated cystic mass in mediastinum prevascular space and multiple lung cysts. Laboratory exam of autoimmune markers showed positive of antinuclear antibody （ANA）, Sjtgren＇s syndrome A （SSA）, Sjtgren＇s syndrome B （SSB）, and rheumatoid factors （RF）. Thymectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. The pathology report revealed thymic extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Under immunohistochemical stains, CD20 and Bcl-2 were positive. No evidence of recurrence of disease was found.

Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation-Like Lesion Originating in Soft Tissue: Report of a Case

Many tumors are unique to the organs from which they arise. Over the last 20 years, however, most tumors that were thought to be primary in soft tissues (derived from the primitive mesenchyme) and thought not to have counterparts in bone, were found to, in fact, rarely arise as unique lesions from bone. Some examples include synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma, to name but three. We now have begun to see the reverse with lesions that were initially thought to be unique to bone arising in soft tissue. While this has been well reported with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, it has never been reported with Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (BPOP), also known as Nora's lesion. This study explores the first reported case of a soft tissue lesion, with clinical, radiological and histopathological characteristics of BPOP.

夏南牛SOX6基因克隆、生物信息学分析及组织表达研究

【目的】克隆夏南牛SRY-box转录因子6(SRY-box transcription factor 6,SOX6)基因CDS区序列并进行生物信息学分析,探究SOX 6基因在不同月龄夏南牛不同组织及牛原代骨骼肌细胞分化过程中的表达规律。【方法】以夏南牛腿肌组织cDNA为模板,PCR扩增SOX 6基因CDS区序列,与其他物种进行相似性比对及系统进化树构建,运用在线软件对SOX6蛋白进行生物信息学分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR方法分别检测SOX 6基因在夏南牛犊牛(0月龄)、青年牛(12月龄)和成年牛(24月龄)不同组织以及牛原代骨骼肌细胞不同分化时期的表达情况。【结果】夏南牛SOX 6基因CDS区序列全长2526 bp,编码841个氨基酸。系统进化树结果表明,夏南牛与牦牛亲缘关系最近,与鸡亲缘关系最远。SOX6蛋白为弱碱性、亲水性蛋白,分子质量为93.35 ku,定位于细胞核中,不含跨膜结构与信号肽。SOX6蛋白二级结构主要由α-螺旋、无规则卷曲、延伸链和β-转角组成,占比分别为41.26%、45.54%、8.09%和5.11%。蛋白互作分析表明,SOX6蛋白与Ⅱ型胶原α1(COL2A1)、软骨蛋白聚糖(ACAN)、羧基端结合蛋白2(CTBP2)和叉头框J3(FOXJ3)等蛋白间存在相互作用。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,夏南牛SOX 6基因在不同月龄夏南牛腿肌组织中相对表达量均最高,在脾脏中表达量最低;在12月龄腿肌组织中表达量显著高于0、24月龄(P<0.05)。随牛原代骨骼肌细胞分化,SOX 6基因表达量逐渐升高,第6天时SOX 6基因表达量显著高于0、2、4和8 d(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究成功克隆了夏南牛SOX 6基因CDS序列,其编码蛋白为不稳定、弱碱性、亲水性蛋白,在不同月龄腿肌组织中表达量均显著高于其他组织,分化6 d牛原代骨骼肌细胞中表达量显著高于其他时期。本试验结果为进一步研究SOX 6基因在夏南牛肌肉发育过程中的调控作用提供理论依据。

成人梅克尔憩室及并发症的MSCT表现及分析

目的:探讨成人梅克尔憩室(MD)及其并发症的MSCT表现,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析2014年6月-2022年12月共13例成人MD患者的临床及MSCT资料。所有患者行平扫和对比增强MSCT扫描,3例行核素扫描。全部病例经临床诊断和手术病理证实。结果:本组中男12例、女1例,年龄26~79岁,中位年龄35岁。主要临床表现为腹痛(7例)和便血(6例)。9例伴有贫血,包括轻度7例和中度2例。主要MSCT表现:(1)部位,均位于中下腹部回肠系膜游离缘,10例位于脐中线右侧,2例位于脐中线,1例位于脐中线左侧;(2)形态,表现为局部呈盲袋状突出,憩室长径(58.08±28.36)mm,短径(20.31±13.15)mm;(3)内容物,含有液体13例、气体7例、粪石1例;(4)血供,由肠系膜上动脉回肠分支的卵黄管动脉供血;(5)并发症包括憩室周围炎13例、出血6例、穿孔2例和憩室反套2例。憩室内异位胰腺1例,MSCT表现为明显强化的憩室壁结节。本组有3例行核素扫描,异位胃黏膜显像阳性2例、阴性1例。结论:成人MD具有特征性MSCT表现及临床特点,根据病灶定位及征象可帮助实现准确诊断。

Evaluation of Glutathione-S-transferase and ceruloplasmin levels in gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissue as diagnostic markers for chronic periodontitis

Periodontitis, is an infectious ailment of multifactorial origin, that brings about destruction of bone and surrounding tissues. There are various oral pathogens that may be responsible for the destruction. The host encounters these microbial invasions and their products by the production and release of inflammatory mediators from the cells within the body. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) are a group of enzymes that utilize glutathione in conditions resulting in oxidative stress. These enzymes play a key role in the detoxifycation of such substance. It aids in preventing damage to important cellular components caused by release of free reactive oxygen species. Ceruloplasmin is a ferroxidase enzyme. It plays a role as an anti-inflammatory agent, by its ability to scavenge free radicals within the body. The present study was targeted at evaluating the levels of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Ceruloplasmin as diagnostic markers for patients with chronic periodontitis in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the gingival tissues. Thirty patients were divided into two groups. Experimental group comprising of 15 subjects with chronic perio- dontitis and the control group was composed of 15 healthy individuals. Highly significant changes in GST between the diseased and normal patients (P = 0.001) were detected. There was a decrease in GST level in both gingival tissue & GCF in diseased patients when compared to the control patients. The ceruloplasmin levels in GCF and gingival tissues showed no difference between the control and diseased group. Hence,these results indicate a relationship suggesting that GST produced during chronic inflammation could be used as biomarker that indicate periodontal disease .

牛LATS2基因启动子克隆及转录调控分析

本研究旨在探究牛LATS2基因组织表达规律,利用相对荧光素酶活性数值确定其启动子核心区域并初步鉴定其核心区域关键转录因子,以阐明牛LATS2基因的转录调控机制。利用RT-qPCR检测牛LATS2基因在心、脾、肝、肾、肺、背最长肌、皮下脂肪、皱胃、大肠及睾丸等中的相对表达量,构建LATS2蛋白进化树。克隆LATS2基因5′端非翻译区上游1.7 kb序列,利用逐段缺失引物,巢式扩增其7个启动子区不同截断体缺失片段(-1792~+179、-1475~+179、-1098~+179、-727~+179、-515~+179、-248~+179和-56~+179),并将不同截断体构建至双荧光素酶报告载体pGL3-Basic上。重组的LATS2基因启动子双荧光素载体分别转染小鼠成肌细胞(C2C12)和小鼠脂肪细胞(3T3-L1)细胞系,鉴定其启动子核心区域。进一步借助在线软件JASPAR(http://jaspar.genereg.net/)和Genomatix(http://www.genomatix.de/cgi-bin//mat-inspector)分析启动子核心区域序列特征,并预测关键转录因子结合位点。结果显示,LATS2基因在肝和背最长肌中表达量极显著高于脾(P<0.01);LATS2蛋白构建的进化树显示反刍动物单独聚为1支,表明LATS2基因在反刍动物进化过程中保守性较高;蛋白质互作分析筛选出的与LATS2蛋白互作紧密的前10种蛋白质均为Hippo信号通路中的关键蛋白质。LATS2基因启动子核心区域位于-248~-56,预测其启动子核心区域有与肌肉发育相关的转录因子TEAD1、MEF2A、FOSL1、MyoG和Myod1的结合位点,表明LATS2基因在牛肌肉生长发育中扮演重要角色。以上结果为探究牛LATS2基因在肌肉生长发育中转录调控机制奠定基础。

Effect of arsenic sulfide on tissue factor expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cell lines

Objective: To investigate the effect of arsenic sulfide (tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide As4S4; diarsenic trisulfide As2S3) on tissue factor (TF) expression and procoagulant activity (PCA) of acute promyelocytic leukemia( APL) cell lines ( NB4 and MR2) and the basic mechanism of their role. Methods: NB4 and MR2 cells were respectively treated with As4S4 , As2S3, As4S4 and Cyclohexamide( CHX). PCA of the cells was detected using one-stage clotting assay. TF antigen was detected by ELISA. TF and PML/RARa fusion gene mRNA by semi-quantitive RT-PCR. The PCA and TF antigen of HL-60 and K562 cells were also examined. Results: The PCA and TF antigen level in NB4 and MR2 cells were significantly higher than that in HL-60 and K562 cells. Both As4S4 and As2S3 can down-regulate the TF antigen , TF mRNA transcription and membrane PCA of NB4 and MR2 cells in vitro in a time-dependent manner. The role of As4S4 was stronger than that of As2S3. Both As4S4 and As2S3 had no effect on PML/RARa fusion gene transcription. CHX treatment completely suppressed the down-regulate effect of As4S4 on the TF mRNA expression. Conclusion: As4S4 and As2S3 may down regulate tissue factor expression and PCA of NB4 and MR2 cells. By down-regulating TF expression, As4S4 and As2S3 might be used to improve the DIC-related hemorrhage in APL patients. Elevated TF antigen level of NB4 and MR2 cells may be related to the fusion gene PML/RARa. The modulation of the TF mRNA expression in NB4 and MR2 cells by As4S4 and As2S3 might be indirect and might not involve PML/RARa fusion gene.