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Metagenomic analysis reveals hidden links between gut microbes and habitat adaptation among cave and surface dwelling Sinocyclocheilus species 被引量:1
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作者 Hong-Yu Chen Chun-Qing Li +1 位作者 Shan-Yuan Chen Hen Xiao 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第4期793-807,共15页
Intestinal microbes are closely related to vital host functions such as digestion and nutrient absorption,which play important roles in enhancing host adaptability.As a natural“laboratory”,caves provide an outstandi... Intestinal microbes are closely related to vital host functions such as digestion and nutrient absorption,which play important roles in enhancing host adaptability.As a natural“laboratory”,caves provide an outstanding model for understanding the significance of gut microbes and feeding habits in the habitat adaptability of hosts.However,research on the relationship between gut microbes,feeding habits,and the adaptability of troglobites remains insufficient.In this study,we compared the characteristics of the intestinal microbes of Sinocyclocheilus cavefish and surface fish and further established the relationship between intestinal and habitat microbes.Furthermore,we conducted environmental DNA(eDNA)(metabarcoding)analysis of environmental samples to clarify the composition of potential food resources in the habitats of the Sinocyclocheilus cavefish and surface fish.Results showed that the structure of the Sinocyclocheilus gut microbes was more related to ecological type(habitat type)than phylogenetic relationships.While horizontal transfer of habitat microbes was a source of gut microbes,hosts also showed strong selection for inherent microbes as dominant microorganisms.Differences in the composition and structure of gut microbes,especially dominant microbes,may enhance the adaptability of the two Sinocyclocheilus fish types from the perspectives of food intake,nutrient utilization,and harmful substance metabolism,suggesting that food resources,predation patterns,intestinal flora,digestive and absorptive capacity,and feeding habits and preferences are linked to habitat adaptability.These results should facilitate our understanding of the significance of fish gut microbes to habitat adaptation and provide a new perspective for studying the adaptive mechanisms of cavefish. 展开更多
关键词 CAVEFISH Intestinal microbes SINOCYCLOCHEILUS Adaptive mechanism
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The first cavefish in the Dinaric Karst?Cave colonization made possible by phenotypic plasticity in Telestes karsticus 被引量:1
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作者 MateoČupić Zoran Marčić +2 位作者 Marko Lukić Romana Gračan Helena Bilandžija 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第4期821-833,共13页
Cave animals are an excellent model system for studying adaptive evolution.At present,however,little is known about the mechanisms that enable surface colonizers to survive in the challenging environment of caves.One ... Cave animals are an excellent model system for studying adaptive evolution.At present,however,little is known about the mechanisms that enable surface colonizers to survive in the challenging environment of caves.One possibility is that these species have the necessary genetic background to respond with plastic changes to the pressures of underground habitats.To gain insight into this process,we conducted a comparative study with the fish species Telestes karsticus,which occurs in a hydrological system consisting of an interconnected stream and a cave.Results showed that T.karsticus resided year-round and spawned in Sušik cave,making it the first known cavefish in the Dinaric Karst.Cave and surface populations differed in morphological and physiological characteristics,as well as in patterns of gene expression without any evidence of genetic divergence.To test whether observed trait differences were plastic or genetic,we placed adult fish from both populations under light/dark or constant dark conditions.Common laboratory conditions erased all morphometric differences between the two morphs,suggesting phenotypic plasticity is driving the divergence of shape and size in wild fish.Lighter pigmentation and increased fat deposition exhibited by cave individuals were also observed in surface fish kept in the dark in the laboratory.Our study also revealed that specialized cave traits were not solely attributed to developmental plasticity,but also arose from adult responses,including acclimatization.Thus,we conclude that T.karsticus can adapt to cave conditions,with phenotypic plasticity playing an important role in the process of cave colonization. 展开更多
关键词 Maladaptive and adaptive phenotypic plasticity Troglobionts and stygobionts Endemic leuciscid fish ACCLIMATIZATION European cavefish Cave adaptations Gene expression differences
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Developmental environment contributes to rapid trait shifts among newly colonized subterranean habitats
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作者 Nathan E.Swanson Andrew G.Gluesenkamp +1 位作者 Alexandra E.Donny Suzanne E.McGaugh 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第4期808-820,共13页
Recent colonization of extreme environments provides unique opportunities to study the early steps of adaptation and the potential for rapid convergent evolution.However,phenotypic shifts during recent colonization ma... Recent colonization of extreme environments provides unique opportunities to study the early steps of adaptation and the potential for rapid convergent evolution.However,phenotypic shifts during recent colonization may also be due to plasticity in response to changes in the rearing environment.Here,we analyzed a suite of morphological and behavioral traits in paired surface,subterranean,and facultatively subterranean Mexican tetras(Astyanax mexicanus)from recent introductions in two separate watersheds outside of their native range.We found a variety of phenotypic and behavioral shifts between subterranean and surface populations that are similar to those observed in relatively ancient populations in Mexico.Despite this rapid morphological divergence,we found that most of these trait differences were due to plasticity in response to rearing environments.While most trait assays in common-garden,lab-raised fish indicated that phenotypic shifts in wild fish were the result of plasticity,we also found evidence of genetic control in several traits present in subterranean populations.Interestingly,wall-following behavior,an important subterranean foraging behavior,was greater in lab-born subterranean fish than in lab-born surface fish,suggesting rapid divergence of this trait between subterranean and surface populations.Thus,this study sheds light on the early steps of subterranean evolution,identifies potential rapid behavioral evolution,and suggests that plasticity in traits involving exploratory behavior may facilitate subterranean colonization. 展开更多
关键词 Plasticity Adaptation SUBTERRANEAN CAVEFISH Evolution Common garden
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Genetic identification and reiterated captures suggest that the Astyanax mexicanus El Pachón cavefish population is closed and declining
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作者 Laurent Legendre Julie Rode +11 位作者 Isabelle Germon Marie Pavie Carla Quiviger Maxime Policarpo Julien Leclercq Stéphane Père Julien Fumey Carole Hyacinthe Patricia Ornelas-García Luis Espinasa Sylvie Rétaux Didier Casane 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第4期701-711,共11页
The sizes of Astyanax mexicanus blind cavefish populations of North-East Mexico are demographic parameters of great importance for investigating a variety of ecological,evolutionary,and conservation issues.However,few... The sizes of Astyanax mexicanus blind cavefish populations of North-East Mexico are demographic parameters of great importance for investigating a variety of ecological,evolutionary,and conservation issues.However,few estimates have been obtained.For these mobile animals living in an environment difficult to explore as a whole,methods based on capture-mark-recapture are appropriate,but their feasibility and interpretation of results depend on several assumptions that must be carefully examined.Here,we provide evidence that minimally invasive genetic identification from captures at different time intervals(three days and three years)can give insights into cavefish population size dynamics as well as other important demographic parameters of interest.We also provide tools to calibrate sampling and genotyping efforts necessary to reach a given level of precision.Our results suggest that the El Pachón cave population is currently very small,of an order of magnitude of a few hundreds of individuals,and is distributed in a relatively isolated area.The probable decline in population size in the El Pachón cave since the last census in 1971 raises serious conservation issues. 展开更多
关键词 CAVEFISH Population size Conservation SWABBING Genetic identification
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Mitochondrial phylogeography and molecular evolution of the rhodopsin visual pigment in troglobitic populations of Astyanax mexicanus(De Filippi,1853)
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作者 Marco A.A.Garduño-Sánchez Vladimir de Jesus-Bonilla +4 位作者 Silvia Perea Ramses Miranda-Gamboa Andrea Herrera-García Mauricio de la Maza Benignos Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第4期761-775,共15页
Cave-adapted animals provide a unique opportunity to study the evolutionary mechanisms underlying phenotypic,metabolic,behavioral,and genetic evolution in response to cave environments.The Mexican tetra(Astyanax mexic... Cave-adapted animals provide a unique opportunity to study the evolutionary mechanisms underlying phenotypic,metabolic,behavioral,and genetic evolution in response to cave environments.The Mexican tetra(Astyanax mexicanus)is considered a unique model system as it shows both surface and cave-dwelling morphs.To date,at least 33 different cave populations have been identified,with phylogenetic studies suggesting an origin from at least two independent surface lineages,thereby providing a unique opportunity to study parallel evolution.In the present study,we carried out the most exhaustive phylogeographic study of A.mexicanus to date,including cave and surface localities,using two mitochondrial markers(cytochrome b(cyt b)and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COI))and nuclear rhodopsin visual pigment(rho).Additionally,we inferred the molecular evolution of rho within the two contrasting environments(cave and surface)and across three geographic regions(Sierra de El Abra,Sierra de Guatemala,and Micos).In total,267 individuals were sequenced for the two mitochondrial fragments and 268 individuals were sequenced for the rho visual pigment from 22 cave and 46 surface populations.Phylogeographic results based on the mitochondrial data supported the two-lineage hypothesis,except for the Pachón and Chica caves,whose introgression has been largely documented.The Sierra de El Abra region depicted the largest genetic diversity,followed by the Sierra de Guatemala region.Regarding the phylogeographic patterns of rho,we recovered exclusive haplogroups for the Sierra de El Abra(Haplogroup I)and Sierra de Guatemala regions(Haplogroup IV).Moreover,a 544 bp deletion in the rho gene was observed in the Escondido cave population from Sierra de Guatemala,reducing the protein from seven to three intramembrane domains.This change may produce a loss-of-function(LOF)but requires further investigation.Regarding nonsynonymous(dN)and synonymous(dS)substitution rates(omega valuesω),our results revealed the prevailing influence of purifying selection upon the rho pigment for both cave and surface populations(ω<1),but relaxation at the El Abra region.Notably,in contrast to the other two regions,we observed an increase in the number of dN mutations for Sierra de El Abra.However,given that a LOF was exclusively identified in the Sierra de Guatemala region,we cannot dismiss the possibility of a pleiotropic effect on the Rho protein. 展开更多
关键词 Visual pigments Selection CAVEFISH Vision loss Loss of function
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Loss of behavioral stress response in blind cavefish reduces energy expenditure
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作者 Jiang-Hui Zhang Rui Long +5 位作者 Yang-Yang Jing Pan Zhang Yuan Xu Wei Xiong Yan-Qiu Zhu Yi-Ping Luo 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第4期678-692,共15页
The stress response is essential for animal self-defense and survival. However, species may exhibit stress response variation depending on their specific environmental and selection pressures. Blind cavefish dwell in ... The stress response is essential for animal self-defense and survival. However, species may exhibit stress response variation depending on their specific environmental and selection pressures. Blind cavefish dwell in cave environments, which differ markedly in stressors and resource availability compared to surface aquatic environments. However, whether blind cavefish exhibit differences in stress response as an adaptation to their cave environments remains unclear. Here, we investigated differences in stress response in six closely related Triplophysa species, including three blind cavefish (T. longibarbata, T. jiarongensis, and T. rosa) and three normal-sighted river fish (T. nasobarbatula, T. dongsaiensis, and T. bleekeri). Results showed that blind cavefish exhibited a range of distinct behavioral responses compared to sighted river fish, including greater levels of activity, shorter duration of freezing, absence of erratic movements or thrashing behavior, and opposite behavioral trends over time. Furthermore, the cavefish species demonstrated attenuated increases in metabolic rate in response to stressors related to novel environments. Cave-dwelling T. rosa also exhibited lower basal hypothalamic-pituitary-inter-renal (HPI) axis-related gene expression levels and stress hormone concentrations compared to river-dwelling T. bleekeri. These results suggest that blind cavefish may have lost their behavioral stress response, potentially mediated by a reduction in basal activity of the HPI axis, thus enabling the conservation of energy by reducing unnecessary expenditure in energy-limited caves. 展开更多
关键词 CAVEFISH Stress responses BEHAVIOR Metabolic rate
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Three-dimensional morphology of the Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus(Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) horn based on synchrotron X-ray microtomography 被引量:2
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作者 You HE Xiao-Yong CHEN +1 位作者 Ti-Qao XIAO Jun-Xing YANG 《Zoological Research》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2013年第5期I0020-I0026,共7页
Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substan... Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China. Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head, which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence. We used non- invasive, high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus, one of eight such troglobiotic species. 3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components, which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone, a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae, and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic. A horn cavity occurred within the horn. The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling, and were, connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue. We tentatively called this configuration the "otocornual connection" due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids, which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals. This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish, and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life, which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S. hyalinus become available. 展开更多
关键词 Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus CAVEFISH HORN Troglomorphism Synchrotron X-ray microtomography
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Three-dimensional morphology of the Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus(Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae)horn based on synchrotron X-ray microtomography
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作者 You HE Xiao-Yong CHEN +1 位作者 Ti-Qao XIAO Jun-Xing YANG 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 北大核心 2013年第S05期128-134,共7页
Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China.Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head,which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substanti... Sinocyclocheilus is a cave-dwelling cyprinid genus endemic to southwest China.Several species possess a conspicuous horn on their head,which has been suggested as a constructive troglomorphic trait but lacks substantial evidence.We used non-invasive,high spatial resolution synchrotron X-ray microtomography to investigate the three-dimensional(3D)morphology of the horn of Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus,one of eight such troglobiotic species.3D renderings demonstrated the osteological components,which were comprised of a rear wall comprised of the supraoccipital bone,a remaining frontal wall with numerous fenestrae,and the bottom continuous with the parietal and epiotic.A horn cavity occurred within the horn.The fenestrae in the frontal wall were continuous in the horn cavity and showed elaborate channeling,and were,connected to the cranial cavity by soft tissue.We tentatively called this configuration the“otocornual connection”due to its anatomic and putative functional similarity to the otolateralic connection in clupeids and loricariids,which provide an indirect pathway to enhance perception of underwater sound signals.This study provides a functional morphology context for further histological and physiological investigations of such horn structures in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish,and we suggest that the horn might enhance acoustic perception to compensate for visual loss in subterranean life,which warrants future physiological examination as lab-reared S.hyalinus become available. 展开更多
关键词 Sinocyclocheilus hyalinus CAVEFISH HORN Troglomorphism Synchrotron X-ray microtomography
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Novel evolutionary insights into nemacheilid cavefi sh: evidence from comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes
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作者 Lei ZHOU Shihui HUANG +6 位作者 Qing WANG Zhenhai LI Zongyang LI Anyou HE Jiehu CHEN Li LIU Keshu ZOU 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2022年第4期1640-1653,共14页
Cavefi sh can be important models for understanding the relationships among evolution,adaptation,and development in extreme environments.However,cavefi sh remain poorly studied,particularly at the genome level.Here,we... Cavefi sh can be important models for understanding the relationships among evolution,adaptation,and development in extreme environments.However,cavefi sh remain poorly studied,particularly at the genome level.Here,we sequenced the complete mitogenome of three cavefi sh in the family Nemacheilidae(Paranemachilus pingguoensis,Oreonectes polystigmus,and Heminoemacheilus longibarbatus),which were collected from karst caves in South China.The mitogenomes each contained 37 genes(13 protein coding,22 tRNA,and two rRNA genes)and a single control region,with the same genetic arrangement and distribution as those found in vertebrates.The non-synonymous/synonymous mutation ratios(Ka/Ks)of the mitogenomes indicated that the protein-coding genes(PCGs)of the three cavefi sh evolved under purifying selection.The mitogenomes of the three cavefi sh exhibit nucleotide composition biases for PCGs,tRNAs,rRNAs,and the whole genome,indicating that the mitochondrial DNA might have been subjected to evolutionary selection in response to extreme cave environments.Divergence time and evolutionary history analyses suggested that the speciation and diversifi cation of the cavefi sh coincided with the Miocene uplift of the southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which greatly changed cave habitats.Overall,our study sheds light on the mitogenomes,phylogeny,and evolutionary history of nemacheilid cavefi sh. 展开更多
关键词 CAVEFISH mitochondrial genome EVOLUTION Nemacheilidae
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Investigation on the Lateral Line Systems of Two Cavefish: Sinocyclocheilus Macrophthalmus and S. Microphthalmus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) 被引量:9
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作者 Yonggang Jiang Jianchao Fu +1 位作者 Deyuan Zhang Yahui Zhao 《Journal of Bionic Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2016年第1期108-114,共7页
Cavefish, with sensitive lateral lines, can swim freely and locate preys in invisible and complex cave environments, though their eyes are greatly degenerated. Investigations on the morphology and distribution charact... Cavefish, with sensitive lateral lines, can swim freely and locate preys in invisible and complex cave environments, though their eyes are greatly degenerated. Investigations on the morphology and distribution characteristics of their lateral line systems would benefit our understanding of the high-sensitivity mechanism of the fish. In this study, the arrangement and morphology of the lateral lines are described for two species ofSinocyclocheilus: S. macrophthalmus and S. microphthalmus, which live in the karst caves in Guangxi, China. The behavior experiments indicate that the lateral line system of the S. macrophthalmus is more sensitive at a low vibration frequency range from 20 Hz to 70 Hz. The cephalic and trunk lateral line systems both contribute to the efficient object-locating capability. For both of the two species of cavefish, the diameter of the lateral canal nearby the neuromasts is narrower than that nearby the canal pores. This variation can increase the normal pressure to the surface of the cupula, and increase the sensitivity of the canal lateral line system. 展开更多
关键词 lateral line system CAVEFISH NEUROMAST bionic sensing
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Brain of the blind:transcriptomics of the golden-line cavefish brain 被引量:3
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作者 Fanwei MENG Yahui ZHAO +2 位作者 Tom TITUS Chunguang ZHANG John H.POSTLETHWAIT 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2018年第6期765-773,共9页
The genus Sinocyclocheilus (golden-line barbel) includes 25species of cave-dwelling blind fish (cavefish)and more than 30 surface-dwelling species with normal vision.Cave environments are dark and generally nutrient-p... The genus Sinocyclocheilus (golden-line barbel) includes 25species of cave-dwelling blind fish (cavefish)and more than 30 surface-dwelling species with normal vision.Cave environments are dark and generally nutrient-poor with few predators.Cavefish of several genera evolved convergent morphological adaptations in visual,pigmentation,brain,olfactory,and digestive systems. We compared brain morphology and gene expression patterns in a cavefish Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus with those of a closely related surface-dwelling species S.angustiporus.Results showed that cavefish have a longer olfactory tract and a much smaller optic tectum than surface fish.Transcriptomics by RNA-seq revealed that many genes upregulated in cavefish are related to lysosomes and the degradation and metabolism of proteins,amino acids,and lipids.Genes down- regulated in cavefish tended to involve "activation of gene expression in cholesterol biosynthesis" and cholesterol degradation in the brain.Genes encoding Srebfs (sterol regulatory element- binding transcription factors)and Srebf targets,including enzymes in cholesterol synthesis,were downregulated in cavefish brains compared with surface fish brains.The gene encoding Cyp46a1, which eliminates cholesterol from the brain,was also downregulated in cavefish brains,while the total level of cholesterol in the brain remained unchanged.Cavefish brains misexpressed several genes encoding proteins in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis,including Trh,Sst,Crh,Pomc,and Mc4r.These results suggest that the rate of lipid biosynthesis and breakdown may both be depressed in golden-line cavefish brains but that the lysosome recycling rate may be increased in cavefish;properties that might be related to differences in nutrient availability in caves. 展开更多
关键词 CAVEFISH CHOLESTEROL cyp46a optic TECTUM SINOCYCLOCHEILUS TRANSCRIPTOMICS
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Differentially-expressed opsin genes identified in Sinocyclocheilus cavefish endemic to China 被引量:2
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作者 Fanwei MENG Yahui ZHAO +1 位作者 John H. POSTLETHWAIT Chunguang ZHANG 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2013年第2期170-174,共5页
Eye degeneration is a common troglomorphic character of cave-dwelling organisms. Comparing the morphology and molecular biology of cave species and their close surface relatives is a powerful tool for studying regress... Eye degeneration is a common troglomorphic character of cave-dwelling organisms. Comparing the morphology and molecular biology of cave species and their close surface relatives is a powerful tool for studying regressive eye evolution and other adaptive phenotypes. We compared two co-occurring and closely-related species of the fish genus Sinocyclocheilus, which is endemic to China and includes both surface- and cave-dwelling species. Sinocyclocheilus tileihornes, a cave species, had smaller eyes than Sinocyclocheilus angustiporus, a surface species. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the cave- fish had shorter cones and more disorderly rods than did the surface-dwelling species. Using quantitative PCR and in situ hybri- dization, we found that rhodopsin and a long-wavelength sensitive opsin had significantly lower expression levels in the cavefish. Furthermore, one of two short-wavelength-sensitive opsins was expressed at significantly higher levels in the cavefish. Changes in the expression ofopsin genes may have played a role in the degeneration of cavefish eyes [Current Zoology 59 (2): 170-174, 2013]. 展开更多
关键词 SINOCYCLOCHEILUS CAVEFISH Eye Retina Opsin.
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Exquisite structure of the lateral line system in eyeless cavefish Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis contrast to eyed Sinocyclocheilus macrophthalmus(Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae) 被引量:1
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作者 Zhiqiang MA Hendrik HERZOG +2 位作者 Yonggang JIANG Yahui ZHAO Deyuan ZHANG 《Integrative Zoology》 SCIE CSCD 2020年第4期314-328,共15页
In this study,the lateral line systems in Chinese cavefish eyeless Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis and eyed Sinocyclocheilus macrophthalmus were investigated to reveal their morphological changes to survive in harsh env... In this study,the lateral line systems in Chinese cavefish eyeless Sinocyclocheilus tianlinensis and eyed Sinocyclocheilus macrophthalmus were investigated to reveal their morphological changes to survive in harsh environments.Compared with the eyed cavefish S.macrophthalmus(atypical),the lateral line system in the eyeless cave-fish S.tianlinensis(typical)has certain features to adapt to the dark cave environments:the superficial lateral line system in the eyeless species possesses a higher number of superficial neuromasts and more hair cells within an individual neuromast,and the trunk lateral line canal system in S.tianlinensis exhibits larger canal pores,higher canal diameter and more pronounced constrictions.Fluid–structure interaction analysis suggested that the trunk lateral line canal system in the eyeless S.tianlinensis should be more sensitive than that in the eyed S.macrophthalmus.These morphological features of the lateral line system in the eyeless S.tianlinensis probably enhance the functioning of the lateral line system and compensate for the lack of eyes.The revelation of the form–function relationship in the cavefish lateral line system provides inspiration for the design of sensitive artificial flow sensors. 展开更多
关键词 CAVEFISH flow sensor form-function lateral line NEUROMAST
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Phylogenetic analysis and expression differences of eye-related genes in cavefish genus Sinocyclocheilus
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作者 Yahui ZHAO Zushi HUANG +2 位作者 Jinqing HUANG Chunguang ZHANG Fanwei MENG 《Integrative Zoology》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第3期354-367,共14页
The adaptive evolution of visual systems has been observed in many cavefish.However,little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations,which include regressive changes such as eye degeneration... The adaptive evolution of visual systems has been observed in many cavefish.However,little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations,which include regressive changes such as eye degeneration.Here,we analyzed phylogenetic and expression patterns of 6 eye-related genes(crx,foxg1b,opn1sw2,otx2,rho and sox2)in 12 Sinocyclocheilus species from China,including 8 stygobionts and 4 stygophiles,and examined photoreceptor cell morphology of these species.Those eye-degenerated species of Sinocyclocheilus were polyphyletic and showed different degrees of photoreceptor defects in responses to cave environments.The eye loss and degeneration are the result of convergent evolution.Although S.anophthalmus grouped with the eye-normal species,it displayed not only a high degree of eye degeneration but also significant expression differences in eyerelated genes compared with the eye-normal species.The gene foxg1b,which was determined to be under positive selection,might play an important role in the process of eye degeneration in S.anophthalmus based on differential expression.Eye-related gene expression and selection may have contributed to the polyphyly of the cave species.We examined gene expression and duplication in 6 eye-related genes and revealed that these genes displayed considerable diversity in relative expression in Sinocyclocheilus fishes.Otx2 and sox2 were significantly up-regulated in individual cave species,while the other 4 genes(crx,foxg1b,opn1sw2 and rho)were significantly down-regulated.These findings provide a valuable resource for elucidating molecular mechanisms associated with visual system evolution in cavefish. 展开更多
关键词 CAVEFISH convergent evolution eye degeneration gene duplication RETINA
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Differentially expressed genes identified by cross-species microarray in the blind cavefish Astyanax
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作者 Allen G.STRICKLER William R.JEFFERY 《Integrative Zoology》 SCIE CSCD 2009年第1期99-109,共11页
Changes in gene expression were examined by microarray analysis during development of the eyed surface dwelling(surface fish)and blind cave-dwelling(cavefish)forms of the teleost Astyanax mexicanus De Filippi,1853.The... Changes in gene expression were examined by microarray analysis during development of the eyed surface dwelling(surface fish)and blind cave-dwelling(cavefish)forms of the teleost Astyanax mexicanus De Filippi,1853.The cross-species microarray used surface and cavefish RNA hybridized to a DNA chip prepared from a closely related species,the zebrafish Danio rerio Hamilton,1822.We identified a total of 67 differentially ex-pressed probe sets at three days post-fertilization:six upregulated and 61 downregulated in cavefish relative to surface fish.Many of these genes function either in eye development and/or maintenance,or in programmed cell death.The upregulated probe set showing the highest mean fold change was similar to the human ubiquitin specific protease 53 gene.The downregulated probe sets showing some of the highest fold changes corresponded to genes with roles in eye development,including those encoding gamma crystallins,the guanine nucleotide binding pro-teins Gnat1 and Gant2,a BarH-like homeodomain transcription factor,and rhodopsin.Downregulation of gam-ma-crystallin and rhodopsin was confirmed by in situ hybridization and immunostaining with specific antibodies.Additional downregulated genes encode molecules that inhibit or activate programmed cell death.The results suggest that cross-species microarray can be used for identifying differentially expressed genes in cavefish,that many of these genes might be involved in eye degeneration via apoptotic processes,and that more genes are downregulated than upregulated in cavefish,consistent with the predominance of morphological losses over gains during regressive evolution. 展开更多
关键词 APOPTOSIS blind cavefish cross-species microarray differentially expressed genes eye development.
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