罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)致病性豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)的分离鉴定及其特性分析

近年来细菌性疾病因病原菌种类繁多、覆盖区域广而影响了其养殖业的健康发展,造成较大的经济损失。从体表具有黑斑、肢体残损症状的罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)肝胰腺组织中分离得到1株病原菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性鉴定、16S rRNA序列和特定毒力基因检测鉴定,以及人工回归感染试验和药敏试验分析其致病性和耐药性。结果表明,该菌为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae),含有aer、lip、gcat、ser和OMPA I等毒力基因;药敏试验显示其对头孢曲松、氯霉素等7种抗生素高度敏感,对恩诺沙星、阿米卡星及复方新诺明3种抗生素中度敏感,对四环素、环丙沙星等10种抗生素具有耐药性;人工回归感染实验表明该菌具有较高的致病性,对罗氏沼虾的半致死浓度为6.54×10~5 CFU/mL。豚鼠气单胞菌作为水产养殖中的条件性致病菌,研究结果揭示了该菌株的部分生物学特性,有利于丰富豚鼠气单胞菌属的基础数据,同时也为罗氏沼虾养殖过程中的病害防控提供了一定参考依据。

Effect of Dietary Incorporation of <i>Curcuma longa</i>Powder on Haematology and Serological Properties of Guinea Pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>)

The reduced efficiency of antibiotic growth promoters in livestock, and the unavoidable residual effects on livestock products such as egg, meat and milk have pushed researchers to rush towards the use of phytobiotics in animal feed. This study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Dschang to evaluate the Effect of Cucurma longa powder as feed additive on hemato-serological parameters in Guinea pigs. A total of 120 three weeks old Guinea pigs (60 males and 60 females), with an average weight of 150 ± 20 g were used. The animals were randomly distributed into four treatments in a completely randomized design with 30 animals per treatment (15 males and 15 females). Four experimental treatments were used by adding 0%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% C. longa in the diet corresponding to R0, R0.25%, R0.5% and R1% respectively. At the 8th week of age, 12 Guinea pigs (6 males and 6 females) per treatment were fasted for 12 hours and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood was rapidly collected from the jugular vein for the evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that the inclusion of Curcuma longa at 0.25% significantly (p < 0.05) increased the concentration of hematocrit, lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and platelets. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, serum lipids, globulin, AST, ALT, and urea. It was concluded that the use of Curcuma longa powder at 0.25% as feed additive positively regulates blood serum parameters of Guinea pigs.

Safety Evaluation of a Potent Tetanus Vaccine (250 Lf) in Guinea Pigs (Cavia procellus)

A subacute toxicity study of a potent tetanus toxoid (250 Lf) was carried out in guinea pigs.The toxoid was injected subcutaneously at the nape of the neck at dose levels of 1.0, 1.5.and 2.0 ml in Groups Ⅱ. Ⅲ. and Ⅳ, respectively.In the controls (Group Ⅰ) 2.0 ml of aluminum phosphate suspension was given in each injection.Periodic evaluations of body weight, food/water intake, general observable behavior, hematology.and blood chemistry in toxoid-injected guinea pigs were similar to those in control guinea pigs.Thus, the toxoid did not cause any side effects up to four times the dose proposed for humans.1990 Academic Press, Inc.

Evaluation of Morphological Changes of <i>Aeromonas caviae</i>Sch3 Biofilm Formation under Optimal Conditions

Aeromonas is a Gram-negative bacterium that lives in aquatic habitats. It can be infective in humans. One of its remarkable attributes is the ability of biofilm formation. Many factors are involved in the construction of biofilms as has been described for Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Vibrio, among others. The aim of this work was to study the bacterial morphology during the establishment of biofilm through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a modified microtiter plate assay and to determine the best conditions for the establishment of Aeromonas caviae Sch3 biolfilm in vitro. We observed several phenotypic changes, including surface appearance, size, presence of extracellular vesicles from 100 to 250 nm in diameter, and flagella. The best conditions for biofilm formation were to grow cultures at 28℃ at pH 6, as determined by the crystal violet assay. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study that describes the cell’s biological events involved in the establishment of biofilm formation of Aeromonas caviae Sch3 in vitro.

Effects of the Incorporation of <i>Dracaena arborea</i>Roots Powder on Growth Performance and Some Haematological Parameters in Guinea Pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>)

The present study was assigned to evaluate the Effect of Dracaena arborea roots powder in ration on growth performances and some hematological parameters in the guinea pig on diet supplemented with graded levels of incorporation. A total of 40 guinea pigs weaned of local breed and aged 3 weeks were divided into 4 identical batches. Each of the groups was randomly assigned one of 4 rations containing different levels of the powder from Dracaena arborea (Da) roots: Da0;Da0.25;Da0.5 and Da0.75. The results at the 11th week of breeding showed that the highest intake (21.13 g/d) was obtained with the Da0.5 ration. The highest live weight (372.50 g) and total weight gains were obtained with the Da0.25 ration. In addition, the highest commercial (161.75 g) and conventional (307.75 g) carcass weights and large intestine length (99.5 cm) were obtained with the D0.25 ration. The highest values for granulocytes (0.250.103/μl), platelets (805.103/μl) and lymphocytes (6.92.103/μl) were respectively, obtained with the rations containing Da0;D0.5 and D0.75. In view of the above, Dracaena arborea roots powder can be used at a rate of 0.25% in the ration, to improve the productivity of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus).

Genetic characterization and potential molecular dissemination mechanism of tet(31) gene in Aeromonas caviae from an oxytetracycline wastewater treatment system

Recently, the rarely reported tet(31) tetracycline resistance determinant was commonly found in Aeromonas salmonicida, Gallibacterium anatis, and Oblitimonas alkaliphila isolated from farming animals and related environment. However, its distribution in other bacteria and potential molecular dissemination mechanism in environment are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism underlying dissemination of tet(31) by analysing the tet(31)-carrying fragments in A. caviae strains isolated from an aerobic biofilm reactor treating oxytetracycline bearing wastewater. Twenty-three A. caviae strains were screened for the tet(31) gene by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Three strains(two harbouring tet(31), one not) were subjected to whole genome sequencing using the PacBio RSII platform. Seventeen A. caviae strains carried the tet(31) gene and exhibited high resistance levels to oxytetracycline with minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)ranging from 256 to 512 mg/L. tet(31) was comprised of the transposon Tn6432 on the chromosome of A. caviae, and Tn6432 was also found in 15 additional tet(31)-positive A. caviae isolates by PCR. More important, Tn6432 was located on an integrative conjugative element(ICE)-like element, which could mediate the dissemination of the tet(31)-carrying transposon Tn6432 between bacteria. Comparative analysis demonstrated that Tn6432 homologs with the structure ISCR2-ΔphzF-tetR(31)-tet(31)-ΔglmM-sul2 were also carried by A. salmonicida, G. anatis, and O. alkaliphila, suggesting that this transposon can be transferred between species and even genera. This work provides the first report on the identification of the tet(31) gene in A. caviae, and will be helpful in exploring the dissemination mechanisms of tet(31) in water environment.

大口黑鲈源豚鼠气单胞菌的分离鉴定及全基因组分析

【目的】探究患病大口黑鲈的致病菌及其主要生物学特性,为临床疾病防控提供技术支撑。【方法】首先对发病大口黑鲈进行病理组织学观察,进而利用平板划线法分离细菌,通过革兰染色、生化试验和16S rDNA序列测定对分离菌进行鉴定,通过致病性试验观察分离菌对小鼠主要脏器造成的病理损伤;而后分别利用PCR方法和Kirby-Bauer(K-B)纸片法对分离菌的常见毒力基因和耐药特征进行检测分析;最后利用二代测序技术绘制其全基因组草图,并通过生物信息学方法对其分子特征进行解析。【结果】自然感染大口黑鲈肝细胞肿大,空泡变性,肠黏膜下层出血,肠壁坏死;于患病黑鲈体内分离到1株优势菌,在血平板上呈乳白色,半透明,直径约1 mm的小菌落,呈β溶血,革兰染色为阴性短杆菌,两端钝圆,经生化试验和16S rDNA测序证实分离菌为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae),将其命名为SCMS。试验小鼠接种后24 h内死亡率为100%,病理特征与自然感染大口黑鲈相似;SCMS株中共检测到9种毒力基因,分别为Aha、Ahp、Aer、Alt、gcaT、Act、Exu、Ela和eprCAI;药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对大多数四环素类、大环内酯类药物表现耐药或中度敏感;全基因组测序显示,分离菌全长4329602 bp,GC含量为61.5%,基因组信息在GenBank中的登录号为JARFUQ000000000,相似性分析显示分离菌与人源、食品源豚鼠气单胞菌具有高度相似性;病原毒力因子数据库(VFDB)比对显示,分离菌携带多种与黏附、侵入及分泌系统相关的毒力基因;耐药基因数据库(CGE)分析显示,菌株中携带7种耐药基因,部分基因与耐药表型存在不一致的现象。【结论】本试验通过全基因组测序技术解析了1株大口黑鲈源豚鼠气单胞菌的毒力基因和耐药基因,其结果可为大口黑鲈临床疾病防控提供技术支撑。

大口黑鲈源豚鼠气单胞菌的分离鉴定及病理性分析

【目的】分析深汕特别合作区某鲈鱼养殖基地大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)突发性死亡原因,探究其病原菌生物学特性,为大口黑鲈养殖中的疾病防控与诊治提供理论参考。【方法】从患病大口黑鲈肝脏、脾、肠等病灶组织中分离得到一株优势菌,命名为SZNH-S20230817;开展形态学特征观察,生理生化特性鉴定,人工感染试验,药物敏感性测试,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)测定,16S rRNA序列、耐药基因及毒力基因的鉴定,分析其耐药性和病理。【结果】菌株SZNH-S20230817的序列与豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)AP019195具有99.38%同源性;同时携带aer、act、lip和fl a 4个毒力基因;生化鉴定结果显示,该菌的吲哚、氧化酶、苯丙氨酸、甘露醇、木糖、精氨酸双水解酶和葡萄糖产酸等结果为阳性,确定菌株SZNH-S20230817为豚鼠气单胞菌。回归感染试验发现菌株SZNH-S20230817具有较强致病性,对大口黑鲈的半致死浓度(LC_(50))为1.39×10^(7)CFU/mL。药敏试验结果显示,该菌对头孢唑林、卡那霉素、四环素、万古霉素、氨苄西林和克林霉素等12种抗生素耐药,同时携带qnrS、catI、emrB、Sul1、rmtB等13种耐药基因。组织病理学分析表明,菌株SZNH-S20230817感染可引起鱼体脾脏细胞肿胀、游离、肠黏膜断裂破损、绒毛脱落、肾脏细胞坏死、炎症细胞浸润、肝脏细胞呈空泡化等。体外抑菌试验结果显示大黄和五倍子对该菌的MIC和MBC较低,其余7种中草药对该菌的抑菌能力较弱。【结论】豚鼠气单胞菌是引起本次大口黑鲈突发性死亡的病原菌,其同时携带aer、act、lip和fl a 4个毒力基因,对大口黑鲈的LC_(50)为1.39×10^(7)CFU/mL,对头孢唑林、卡那霉素、四环素等抗生素耐药。低剂量的大黄和五倍子能够有效抑制该菌生长,具备良好的预防和抑制效果。

豚鼠气单胞菌研究进展

豚鼠气单胞菌属于气单胞菌属,在自然界中通过食物和水广泛传播,是人、动物和水生生物共患的条件性病原菌,严重危害人类身体健康,同时是造成多种淡水鱼疾病的主要原因,给水产养殖业造成了巨大的威胁。目前,对豚鼠气单胞菌发展的研究,学界很少从系统去概述,论文从豚鼠气单胞菌的病原学、临床特征、流行现状、致病机理及防治等几个方面的最新研究进展进行概述,旨在为其防治及研究提供参考。

鲟细菌性败血综合征致病菌的初步研究

从患细菌性败血综合征的杂交鲟(Huso huso♀×Acipenser ruthenus ♂)和达氏鳇(Huso dauricus)的腹水及肾脏中共分离了5株优势菌,经人工回归感染实验证实其中2株细菌XL2-T和HK3-R具有致病性。经ATB细菌鉴定仪鉴定,结果显示:XL2-T为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas punctata subsp.caviae),HK3-R为类志贺邻单胞菌(Plesiomonas shigelloides)。这2株致病菌的主要特征为:革兰氏染色阴性,杆状,氧化酶阳性,对先锋必、妥布霉素、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、奈替米星、新霉素等6种药物均高度敏感。

一起混合性气单胞菌引起食源性疾病暴发的病原学检测

目的探究引起细菌性食源性疾病暴发的病原学原因,了解气单胞菌污染食品引起聚集性事件的特征,为类似事件的调查处置提供参考。方法采集本起疫情患者肛拭子、食品留样、食品加工工具涂抹样,参照《食品卫生微生物学检验》《全国临床检验操作规程》(第四版)进行检验。结果在小黄鱼食物留样和两名患者肛拭子中,检出温和气单胞菌。在一份厨房用具涂抹液和其中一名患者肛拭子中,检出嗜水气单孢菌。结论这是一起罕见的混合性气单胞菌引起的食源性疾病暴发事件,提示我们在肠道感染性腹泻的诊治过程中,除了考虑常见肠道致病菌外,气单胞菌等罕见致病菌也不容忽视,以免给临床诊断和治疗带来困扰。

南方鲇溃疡综合症病原菌的分离与鉴定

从南方鲇(Silurus meriordinalis Chen)病鱼体表溃疡部及内脏分离出细菌12株,经人工感染证实其中6株治病,生化鉴定6株为同一种菌即为引起该鱼溃疡综合症的病原菌,命名为DKN-1。该菌为革兰氏染色阴性,兼性厌氧发酵型短杆菌,极生单鞭毛,对除葡萄糖、麦芽糖、甘露糖、海藻糖、甘露醇、水杨苷、七叶苷以外多种糖不利用,氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、DNA酶、脂酶、蛋白酶、精氨酸双水解酶阳性,MR、VP阳性。在以该菌16S rDNA序列和GenBank及RDP数据库内同源性较高的细菌16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树中,DKN-1与豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)同源性达到99.6%,综合该菌在形态、生理生化的结果,鉴定其为豚鼠气单胞菌。该病病原对美满霉素、大观霉素、妥布霉素高度敏感。

南方鲇源豚鼠气单胞菌胞外产物活性与致病性研究

采用琼脂扩散法测定了南方鲇源豚鼠气单胞菌胞外产物酶活性和溶血活性,同时对胞外产物的细胞毒性和其致病性进行了研究。结果显示:南方鲇源豚鼠气单胞菌胞外产物具有蛋白酶、脂酶、明胶酶和脲酶活性,但不具有淀粉酶和卵磷脂酶活性,具有很强的溶血活性和细胞毒性。肌肉注射感染发现,其对南方鲇有强致病性,其LD50为每千克鱼体重0.802 mg;注射后的南方鲇肌肉、心、肝、肾、脾、肠和胃等组织发生了严重组织病理变化,骨骼肌和心肌坏死断裂,炎症细胞浸润;肝脏严重空泡变性;肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死、间质内大量炎症细胞浸润;脾充血、出血,淋巴细胞减少,胃肠黏膜上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落。

环境污染物萘、蒽、菲、芘的好氧微生物降解

多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境污染物,具有致癌性和致突变性。选取香港米埔红树林淤泥富集微生物,研究红树林微生物对PAHs的好氧降解。试验观察到,萘、蒽、菲、芘在液体培养条件下均有较强的挥发性。多底物培养液中的菌群浓度明显高于单底物系统。多次连续转接使培养液中的细菌生长能力增强。初始底物浓度可影响细菌生长速率,底物浓度过低或过高均不利于细菌生长。从分离得到的降解菌中选取豚鼠气单胞菌Aeromonas caviaeWⅡ和斑点气单胞菌Aeromonas punctataTⅡ进行单菌降解试验,结果表明,豚鼠气单胞菌WⅡ能够高效降解4种底物,而斑点气单胞菌TⅡ能够高效降解萘、蒽和芘3种底物。另外还发现斑点气单胞菌TⅡ能够明显降低水中菲的挥发速度。

十六种中草药及其复方对大鲵致病性豚鼠气单胞菌的体外抑制作用

应用二倍稀释法测定了诃子、五倍子、石榴皮等16种中草药及其复方对大鲵(Andrias davidianus)致病性豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度,应用棋盘法设计16种中草药组合的120种双联复方和10种中草药组合的120种三联复方,评估了复方的体外抑菌作用。结果表明:16种中草药对大鲵致病性豚鼠气单胞菌均有一定程度的抑菌作用,抑菌作用强弱依次为诃子、五倍子、石榴皮、大黄、槐角、覆盆子、黄芩、金樱子、肉苁蓉、丁香、川牛膝、赤芍、知母、防风、天葵子及罗汉果;在120个中草药双联复方中,5.8%为显著协同作用,82.6%为协同作用,11.6%为相加作用;在120个中草药三联复方中,29.2%为显著协同作用,87.5%为协同作用。因此,合理的中草药配伍能提高对大鲵致病性豚鼠气单胞菌的体外抑菌作用。

金鱼致病菌的分离鉴定与药敏特性

采用常规方法对患病金鱼(Carassius auratus)内脏组织(肝脏、肾脏、性腺)中致病菌进行了分离鉴定与药敏特性研究。结果显示:实验共分离了8株优势菌,经人工回归感染实验证实其中3株细菌(菌株LK-T、PL-R和PK-T)具有致病性。ATB细菌鉴定仪鉴定结果显示,菌株LK-T和菌株PL-R为温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas so-bria),菌株PK-T为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas punctata subsp.caviae)。这3株致病菌的主要特征为:革兰氏染色阴性,杆状,对奈替米星、头孢呋肟、头孢拉啶、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、新霉素、先锋必等药物均高度敏感。其中庆大霉素、环丙沙星、新霉素等常规渔药可作为防治用药的依据。

中华绒螯蟹病原豚鼠气单胞菌的鉴定及其致病性分析

为明确江苏苏州某养殖场中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)死亡病因,本研究从病蟹肝胰腺组织中分离到优势生长菌,对分离菌进行致病性、形态与生理生化特征及gyrB基因同源性与系统发育分析。结果显示:分离菌为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae),分离菌SHZ1对中华绒螯蟹半数致死量(LD_(50))为1.6×10^(6) CFU/mL,表明分离株可以引起中华绒螯蟹死亡,确定豚鼠气单胞菌是此次造成中华绒螯蟹出现大规模死亡的病原。为进一步明确分离菌SHZ1毒力携带基因情况,对分离菌进行热敏蛋白酶(eprCAI)、溶血素(hly)、弹性蛋白酶(ahpB)、外膜蛋白(ompA)、胆固醇酰基转移酶(gcaT)和鞭毛蛋白(flgN、flgM、flgA、flaH)共9种毒力基因进行检测,结果表明分离菌携带以上9种毒力基因。耐药性检测结果表明,分离菌对头孢唑啉、万古霉素、苯唑西林、青霉素G、哌啦西啉、氨苄西林等9种药物耐药。

鲤竖鳞病病原及其疫苗的研究

对发生在山东境内的鲤竖鳞病进行了病原学研究，经过病原分离、人工感染实验和细菌学鉴定，确定豚鼠气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｖｉａｅ）是鲤竖鳞病的病原菌。在此基础上，得到了免疫原性较高和生产工艺简单的鲤竖鳞病疫苗。同时，对该疫苗的安全性、免疫保护力和效价等进行了系统研究，并进行了一定范围的口服免疫应用试验。

高效几丁质降解菌CB101的分离、鉴定及其几丁质酶系的研究

1 引言 几丁质是海洋中居首位的多糖物质,它是虾、蟹壳的主要成分,同时广泛存在于昆虫外骨骼及真菌的细胞壁中.许多生物包括植物、细菌、真菌和一些无脊椎动物与脊椎动物都能够产生几丁质酶降解几丁质,其中细菌利用几丁质酶降解几丁质作为生活所需碳源和氮源.从生态角度来看,几丁质酶在自然界几丁质循环过程中扮演了重要角色,作为对环境的适应。