3D cavity detection technique and its application based on cavity auto scanning laser system

Ground constructions and mines are severely threatened by ones. Safe and precise cavity detection is vital for reasonable cavity underground cavities especially those unsafe or inaccessible evaluation and disposal. The conventional cavity detection methods and their limitation were analyzed. Those methods cannot form 3D model of underground cavity which is used for instructing the cavity disposal; and their precisions in detection are always greatly affected by the geological circumstance. The importance of 3D cavity detection in metal mine for safe exploitation was pointed out; and the 3D cavity laser detection method and its principle were introduced. A cavity auto scanning laser system was recommended to actualize the cavity 3D detection after comparing with the other laser detection systems. Four boreholes were chosen to verify the validity of the cavity auto scanning laser system. The results show that the cavity auto scanning laser system is very suitable for underground 3D cavity detection, especially for those inaccessible ones.

基于CALS及Surpac-FLAC^3D耦合技术的复杂空区稳定性分析

由于受地质条件和探测技术的限制,传统探测方法很难获得复杂空区精确的实际空间分布形状,由此得到的空区用于建立数值分析模型显得过于粗糙,在此基础上进行空区稳定性分析的可靠性程度不高。采用空区激光自动扫描系统(CALS)对复杂空区进行激光扫描,在获得精准三维点云数据的基础上,运用Surpac软件模拟出空区的三维地质模型,通过耦合方法可以在FLAC3D中生成与实际空区空间分布一致的数值模型,提高复杂空区稳定性计算的准确性和可靠性。选取三道庄露天矿的地下空区作为工程实例,利用CALS获得不规则空区的实际空间边界。在此基础上,运用Surpac进行三维块体模拟,研究Surpac与FLAC3D模型耦合技术,成功地将三维模型数据导入FLAC3D中,结合现场实际勘测的围岩力学参数,对空区进行静力计算,分析空区的稳定性。

三维空区自动扫描系统在露天矿山中的应用

以广东大宝山矿为例,在利用地质钻和潜孔钻对采空区进行钻探的基础上,通过在钻孔中下放三维激光扫描仪对空区进行扫描,获得矿山空区形状、方位、埋深等参数,为后续空区处理提供准确资料。实践证明,该方法无论对矿山现有规模的正常生产,还是对后续铜硫大开发项目的基建工程和正式运营均大有裨益,创造了巨大的社会经济效益。

局部爆破法强制崩落采空区的应用实践

为了能准确有效地对采空区进行处理,采用三维激光扫描对采空区进行扫描并获取其参数,根据参数分析采空区的稳定性。结果表明:工程实例中的采空区中部顶板厚度小于最小安全厚度,因此需要对空区采用边界局部爆破法进行强制崩落处理。另外根据三维激光扫描得到的空区参数可对采空区爆破处理后的填充效果进行评估,为后续露天剥采作业提供安全保障。