An important factor in the emergence and progre sion of osteosarcoma(OS)is the dysregulated expression of microRNAs(miRNAs).Transcription factor 7-like 1(TCF7LI),a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor(...An important factor in the emergence and progre sion of osteosarcoma(OS)is the dysregulated expression of microRNAs(miRNAs).Transcription factor 7-like 1(TCF7LI),a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor(TCF/LEF)transcription factor family,interacts with the Wnt signaling pathway regulator β-catenin and acts as a DNA-specific binding protein.This study sought to elucidate the impact of the interaction between miR 3293p and TCF7L1 on.the growth and apoptosis of OS and analyze the regulatory expression relationship between miRNA and mRNA in osteosarcoma cells using a variety of approaches.MiR329-3p was significantly downregulated,while TCF7L1 was considerably up-regulated in all examined OS cell lines.Additionally,a clinical comparison study was performed using the TCGA database.Subsequently,the regulatory relationship between miR-329-3p and TCF7L1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of OS cells was verified through in vitro and in vivo experiments.When miR 329-3p was transfected into the OS cell line,the expression of TCF7L1 decreased,the proliferation of OS cells was inhibited,the cytoskeleton disintegrated,and the nucleus condensed to fom apoptotic bodies.The expression of proteins that indicate apoptosis increased simultaneously.The cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase,and the G1/S transition was blocked.The introduction of miR 3293p also inhibited downstream Cyclin D1 of the Wnt pathway.Xenograf experiments indicated that the overexpression of miR-329-3p signi ficanly inhibited the growth of OS xenografts in nude mice,and the expression of TCF7L1 and C-Myc in tumor tssues decreased.MiR 329-3p was significantly reduced in OS cells and played a suppressive role in tumorigenesis and proliferation by targeting TCF7L1 both in vitro and in vivo.Osteosarcoma cell cycle arrest and pathway inhibition were observed upon the regulation of TCF7LI by miR 3293p.Summarizing these results,it can be inferred that miR.3293p exerts anticancer efects in osteosarcoma by inhibiting TCF7L1.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide.Based on the cancer-related mortality,the current prevention and treatment strategies for GC still show poor clinical results.Therefore...BACKGROUND Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide.Based on the cancer-related mortality,the current prevention and treatment strategies for GC still show poor clinical results.Therefore,it is important to find effective drug treatment targets.AIM To explore the mechanism by which 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GRA)regulates mitochondrial ribosomal protein L35(MRPL35)related signal proteins to inhibit the proliferation of GC cells.METHODS Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the effects of 18β-GRA on the survival rate of human normal gastric mucosal cell line GES-1 and the proliferation of GC cell lines MGC80-3 and BGC-823.The apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry.Cell invasion and migration were evaluated by Transwell assay,and cell scratch test was used to detect cell migration.Furthermore,a tumor model was established by hypodermic injection of 2.5×106 BGC-823 cells at the selected positions of BALB/c nude mice to determine the effect of 18β-GRA on GC cell proliferation,and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect MRPL35 expression in the engrafted tumors in mice.We used the term tandem mass tag(TMT)labeling combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to screen for differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)extracted from GC cells and control cells after 18β-GRA intervention.A detailed bioinformatics analysis of these DEPs was performed,including Gene Ontology annotation and enrichment analysis,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis,and so on.Moreover,STRING database(https://string-db.org/)was used to predict proteinprotein interaction(PPI)relationships and Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins of interest in GC cells.RESULTS The results indicated that 18β-GRA could inhibit the proliferation of GC cells in a dose-and timedependent manner.It could induce GC cell apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase.The proportion of cells arrested at S phase decreased with the increase of 18-GRA dose,and the migration and invasiveness of GC cells were inhibited.The results of animal experiments showed that 18β-GRA could inhibit tumor formation in BALB/c nude mice,and qRT-PCR results showed that MRPL35 expression level was significantly reduced in the engrafted tumors in mice.Using TMT technology,609 DEPs,among which 335 were up-regulated and 274 were down-regulated,were identified in 18β-GRA intervention compared with control.We found that the intervention of 18β-GRA in GC cells involved many important biological processes and signaling pathways,such as cellular processes,biological regulation,and TP53 signaling pathway.Notably,after the drug intervention,MRPL35 expression was significantly down-regulated(P=0.000247),TP53 expression was up-regulated(P=0.02676),and BCL2L1 was down-regulated(P=0.01699).Combined with the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database,we analyzed the relationship between MRPL35,TP53,and BCL2L1 signaling proteins,and we found that COPS5,BAX,and BAD proteins can form a PPI network with MRPL35,TP53,and BCL2L1.Western blot analysis confirmed the intervention effect of 18β-GRA on GC cells,MRPL35,TP53,and BCL2L1 showed dose-dependent up/down-regulation,and the expression of COPS5,BAX,and BAD also increased/decreased with the change of 18β-GRA concentration.CONCLUSION 18β-GRA can inhibit the proliferation of GC cells by regulating MRPL35,COPS5,TP53,BCL2L1,BAX,and BAD.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of high mobility group protein box-1 （HMGB1） siRNA on proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma （Rb） cells.METHODS： The expression of HMGB1 in Rb cells were detected by real-ti...AIM： To investigate the effect of high mobility group protein box-1 （HMGB1） siRNA on proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma （Rb） cells.METHODS： The expression of HMGB1 in Rb cells were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot. Chemically synthesized HMGB1 siRNA was transfected into Y79 cells. The inhibitory rate was also examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. After HMGB1 siRNA transfection, the cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT, and cell apoptosis was detected by Caspase-3 active detection kit. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS： The expression of HMGB1 significantly elevated in Rb cells （P〈0.01）. After transfected by siRNA, the HMGB1 protein level of Y79 cells was significantly reduced （P〈0.01）. After siRNA interference HMGB1, the proportion of proliferating cells reduced, and the proportion of quiescent cells increased （P〈0.05）. In addition, apoptosis rate of Y79 cells increased from 2.03% to 9.10% after interfering with HMGB1 siRNA （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： Specific HMGB1 siRNA can inhibit the expression of HMGB1. The effect may be attributed to inhibit the proliferation and promote cell apoptosis.展开更多
The increasing amounts of artificial marine substrates, in many parts of the world have been proposed as a potential driver of Aurelia spp. blooms, on account of providing extra habitats for the settlement and the pro...The increasing amounts of artificial marine substrates, in many parts of the world have been proposed as a potential driver of Aurelia spp. blooms, on account of providing extra habitats for the settlement and the proliferation of the benthic stage(polyps). Previous experiments have mainly focused on the substrate choices of Aurelia spp. planulae. However, substrate preferences for the proliferation and immigration of polyps have not been reported. We monitored the propagation and immigration of Aurelia aurita(s. l.) polyps on two natural and nine artificial substrates at constant temperature(20±0.5°C) and salinity(30±0.5) in beakers and a glass aquarium in the laboratory, respectively. The results showed that, among artificial substrates, the highest number for polyp proliferation and immigration was found on nets, rigid polyvinyl chloride plates(RPVC), and wood. The lowest density of polyps was present on iron plates. Among natural substrates, the asexual reproduction rate of polyps on Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay, 1857) shells was significantly higher than Azumapecten farreri(Jones & Preston, 1904). On the account of the distinction in the roughness, chemical properties and biofilms of these material surfaces, bare artificial or natural substrates discriminatively affect the proliferation and the immigration of Aurelia spp. polyps at laboratory. These observations suggest that, even in the natural environment, different materials and texture may influence the composition and the abundance of the fouling communities and the assemblages of polyps and, indirectly, have effects on the amounts of released medusae.展开更多
Prenatal alcohol exposure, especially during early pregnancy, can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome. The pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of ethanol are related to the effects of ceramide In this study, we es...Prenatal alcohol exposure, especially during early pregnancy, can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome. The pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of ethanol are related to the effects of ceramide In this study, we established an alcohol exposure model in wild-type mice and in knockout mice for the key enzyme involved in ceramide metabolism, sphingomyelin synthase 2. This model received daily intragastric administration of 25% ethanol, and pups were used at postnatal days 0, 7, 14, 30 for experiments. Serology and immunofluorescence staining found that ethanol exposure dose-dependently reduced blood sphingomyelin levels in two genotypes of pups, and increased neural cell proliferation and the number of new neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression level of protein kinase C e increased in two genotypes of pups after ethanol exposure. Compared with witd-type pups, the expression level of the important activator protein of the ceramide/ceramide-l-phosphate pathway, protein kinase C a, was reduced in the hippocampus of sphingomyelin synthase 2 knockouts. Our findings illustrate that ceramide is involved in alcohol-induced neural proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of pups after prenatal ethanol exposure, and the mechanism may be associated with increased ex- pression of protein kinase C a activating the ceramide/ceramide-l-phosphate pathway.展开更多
An investigation into the type of fermentation oil palm fruit waste undergoes and the probable microorganisms involved within a short period was carried out using simple fermenter. The temperature was determined using...An investigation into the type of fermentation oil palm fruit waste undergoes and the probable microorganisms involved within a short period was carried out using simple fermenter. The temperature was determined using mercury thermometer, the pH of the medium was monitored with calibrated pH meter and the titratable acidic was determined using standard technique. The microbial profile of the medium was also evaluated using standard procedures. The highest temperature value was observed at day 0 (32.65°C) and the lowest at day 1 (29.50°C). The pH values of the fermentation oil palm fruit waste ranged between 4.15 - 4.60. The highest pH value was obtained at day 3 of the fermentation which was 4.60. The titratable acidity showed variation from day 0 - 2 and then with a continuous decrease till day 5. The least titratable acidity was obtained at day 5 (0.03) and the highest at day 2 (0.77). Bacteria load decreases from 1.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> - 1.6 × 10<sup>7 </sup>cfu/ml, while the fungi population increases from day 0 to day 5 of the fermentation period (1 × 10<sup>3</sup> - 2 × 10<sup>4 </sup>sfu/ml). Bacterial isolates obtained were Micrococcus leteus, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, Baccillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus while the fungal isolates obtained were Aspergillus niger, Neurospora crassa, Brachysporium spp, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It can be concluded that oil palm waste fermentation is an acidic fermentation that involved mesophiles microbes. And with these, several tons of oil palm epicarp waste can be optimally fermented (though with further research) and used for other purposes thereby reducing environmental pollution that would have resulted leaving this oil palm fruit waste in the environment.展开更多
Progenitor Leydig cells are derived from stem cells. The proliferation and differentiation of progenitor Leydig cells significantly contributes to Leydig cell number during puberty. However, the regulation of these pr...Progenitor Leydig cells are derived from stem cells. The proliferation and differentiation of progenitor Leydig cells significantly contributes to Leydig cell number during puberty. However, the regulation of these processes remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to determine whether luteinizing hormone （LH） or androgen contributes to the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor Leydig cells. Fourteen-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 7 days with NalGlu, which is a gonadotropin- releasing hormone antagonist, to reduce the secretion of LH in the pituitary and thus, androgen in the testis. Rats were co-administered with LH or 7a-methyl-nortestosterone （MENT）, which is an androgen resistant to metabolism by 5a-reductase 1 in progenitor Leydig cells, and the subsequent effects of LH or androgen were measured. 3H-Thymidine was also intravenously injected into rats to study thymidine incorporation in progenitor Leydig cells. Progenitor Leydig cells were examined. NalGlu administration reduced progenitor Leydig cell proliferation by 83%. In addition, LH or MENT treatment restored Leydig cell proliferative capacity to 73% or 50% of control, respectively. The messenger RNA levels of proliferation-related genes were measured using real-time PCR. The expression levels of Igfl, Lifr, Pdgfra, Bcl2, Ccnd3and Pcnawere upregulated by MENT, and those of Pdgfra, Ccnd3and Pcnawere upregulated by LH. Both LH and MENT stimulated the differentiation of progenitor Leydig cells in vitro. We concluded that both LH and MENT were involved in regulating the development of progenitor Leydig cells.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of transplanted fetal liver epithelial progenitor （FLEP） cells on liver fibrosis in mice. METHODS： FLEP cells were isolated from embryonal day （ED） 14 BALB/c mice and transplanted ...AIM： To investigate the effect of transplanted fetal liver epithelial progenitor （FLEP） cells on liver fibrosis in mice. METHODS： FLEP cells were isolated from embryonal day （ED） 14 BALB/c mice and transplanted into female syngenic BALB/c mice （n = 60）. After partial hepatectomy （PH）, diethylnitrosamine （DEN） was administered to induce liver fibrosis. Controls received FLEP cells and non-supplemented drinking water, the model group received DEN-spiked water, and the experimental group received FLEP cells and DEN. Mice were killed after 1, 2, and 3 mo, and alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, hyaluronic acid （HA）, and laminin （LN） in serum, and hydroxyproline （Hyp） content in liver were assessed. Alpha-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） of liver was tested by immunohistochemistry. Transplanted male mice FLEP cells were identified by immunocytochemistry for sty （sex determination region for Y chromosome） protein. RESULTS： Serum ALT, AST, HA, and LN were markedly reduced by transplanted FLEP cells. Liver Hyp content and （α-SMA staining in mice receiving FLEP cells were lower than that of the model group, which was consistent with altered liver pathology. Transplanted cells proliferated and differentiated into hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells with 30%-50% repopulation in the liver fibrosis induced by DEN after 3 mo. CONCLUSION： Transplanted FLEP cells proliferate and differentiate into hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells with high repopulation capacity in the fiberized liver induced by DEN, which restores liver function and reduces liver fibrosis.展开更多
To evaluate the action of Apium graveolens L. on the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells （NSCs）, cells culture and animal experiment were performed. NSCs were isolated from the striatum of SD rat embryo ...To evaluate the action of Apium graveolens L. on the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells （NSCs）, cells culture and animal experiment were performed. NSCs were isolated from the striatum of SD rat embryo were cultured in the medium containing aqueous extract from Apium graveolens L（AAG）.and/or the serum derived from mice treated with Apium graveolens L （SAG）. The results show that AAG promoted the survival and growth of NSCs in low concentration. Apium graveolens L. leaves aqueous extract promoted the proliferation of NSCs in relatively high concentration. SAG significantly accelerated the differentiation of NSCs.展开更多
Muscle-derived stem cells were isolated from the skeletal muscle of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats aged 3 days old. Cells at passage 5 were incubated in Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium supplemented with 10% （v/v）...Muscle-derived stem cells were isolated from the skeletal muscle of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats aged 3 days old. Cells at passage 5 were incubated in Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium supplemented with 10% （v/v） fetal bovine serum, 20 IJg/L nerve growth factor, 20 pg/L basic fibroblast growth factor and 1% （v/v） penicillin for 6 days. Cells presented with long processes, similar to nerve cells. Connections were formed between cell processes. Immunocytochemical staining with neuron specific enolase verified that cells differentiated into neuron-like cells. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and western blot results revealed that the expression of protein hairy enhancer of split-1 was significantly reduced. These results indicate that low expression of protein hairy enhancer of split-1 participates in the differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells.展开更多
基金The Fund of National Cancer Center Research and Development(26-A-4),The Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(Grant Nos.15K10451,16K10866 and 16K20063)from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
文摘An important factor in the emergence and progre sion of osteosarcoma(OS)is the dysregulated expression of microRNAs(miRNAs).Transcription factor 7-like 1(TCF7LI),a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor(TCF/LEF)transcription factor family,interacts with the Wnt signaling pathway regulator β-catenin and acts as a DNA-specific binding protein.This study sought to elucidate the impact of the interaction between miR 3293p and TCF7L1 on.the growth and apoptosis of OS and analyze the regulatory expression relationship between miRNA and mRNA in osteosarcoma cells using a variety of approaches.MiR329-3p was significantly downregulated,while TCF7L1 was considerably up-regulated in all examined OS cell lines.Additionally,a clinical comparison study was performed using the TCGA database.Subsequently,the regulatory relationship between miR-329-3p and TCF7L1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of OS cells was verified through in vitro and in vivo experiments.When miR 329-3p was transfected into the OS cell line,the expression of TCF7L1 decreased,the proliferation of OS cells was inhibited,the cytoskeleton disintegrated,and the nucleus condensed to fom apoptotic bodies.The expression of proteins that indicate apoptosis increased simultaneously.The cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase,and the G1/S transition was blocked.The introduction of miR 3293p also inhibited downstream Cyclin D1 of the Wnt pathway.Xenograf experiments indicated that the overexpression of miR-329-3p signi ficanly inhibited the growth of OS xenografts in nude mice,and the expression of TCF7L1 and C-Myc in tumor tssues decreased.MiR 329-3p was significantly reduced in OS cells and played a suppressive role in tumorigenesis and proliferation by targeting TCF7L1 both in vitro and in vivo.Osteosarcoma cell cycle arrest and pathway inhibition were observed upon the regulation of TCF7LI by miR 3293p.Summarizing these results,it can be inferred that miR.3293p exerts anticancer efects in osteosarcoma by inhibiting TCF7L1.
基金Supported by Ningxia Natural Science Foundation,No.2020AAC03130Ningxia Medical University Project,No.XM2020005.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a common gastrointestinal malignancy worldwide.Based on the cancer-related mortality,the current prevention and treatment strategies for GC still show poor clinical results.Therefore,it is important to find effective drug treatment targets.AIM To explore the mechanism by which 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid(18β-GRA)regulates mitochondrial ribosomal protein L35(MRPL35)related signal proteins to inhibit the proliferation of GC cells.METHODS Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to detect the effects of 18β-GRA on the survival rate of human normal gastric mucosal cell line GES-1 and the proliferation of GC cell lines MGC80-3 and BGC-823.The apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry.Cell invasion and migration were evaluated by Transwell assay,and cell scratch test was used to detect cell migration.Furthermore,a tumor model was established by hypodermic injection of 2.5×106 BGC-823 cells at the selected positions of BALB/c nude mice to determine the effect of 18β-GRA on GC cell proliferation,and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect MRPL35 expression in the engrafted tumors in mice.We used the term tandem mass tag(TMT)labeling combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to screen for differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)extracted from GC cells and control cells after 18β-GRA intervention.A detailed bioinformatics analysis of these DEPs was performed,including Gene Ontology annotation and enrichment analysis,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis,and so on.Moreover,STRING database(https://string-db.org/)was used to predict proteinprotein interaction(PPI)relationships and Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins of interest in GC cells.RESULTS The results indicated that 18β-GRA could inhibit the proliferation of GC cells in a dose-and timedependent manner.It could induce GC cell apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase.The proportion of cells arrested at S phase decreased with the increase of 18-GRA dose,and the migration and invasiveness of GC cells were inhibited.The results of animal experiments showed that 18β-GRA could inhibit tumor formation in BALB/c nude mice,and qRT-PCR results showed that MRPL35 expression level was significantly reduced in the engrafted tumors in mice.Using TMT technology,609 DEPs,among which 335 were up-regulated and 274 were down-regulated,were identified in 18β-GRA intervention compared with control.We found that the intervention of 18β-GRA in GC cells involved many important biological processes and signaling pathways,such as cellular processes,biological regulation,and TP53 signaling pathway.Notably,after the drug intervention,MRPL35 expression was significantly down-regulated(P=0.000247),TP53 expression was up-regulated(P=0.02676),and BCL2L1 was down-regulated(P=0.01699).Combined with the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins database,we analyzed the relationship between MRPL35,TP53,and BCL2L1 signaling proteins,and we found that COPS5,BAX,and BAD proteins can form a PPI network with MRPL35,TP53,and BCL2L1.Western blot analysis confirmed the intervention effect of 18β-GRA on GC cells,MRPL35,TP53,and BCL2L1 showed dose-dependent up/down-regulation,and the expression of COPS5,BAX,and BAD also increased/decreased with the change of 18β-GRA concentration.CONCLUSION 18β-GRA can inhibit the proliferation of GC cells by regulating MRPL35,COPS5,TP53,BCL2L1,BAX,and BAD.
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of high mobility group protein box-1 （HMGB1） siRNA on proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma （Rb） cells.METHODS： The expression of HMGB1 in Rb cells were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot. Chemically synthesized HMGB1 siRNA was transfected into Y79 cells. The inhibitory rate was also examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. After HMGB1 siRNA transfection, the cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT, and cell apoptosis was detected by Caspase-3 active detection kit. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS： The expression of HMGB1 significantly elevated in Rb cells （P〈0.01）. After transfected by siRNA, the HMGB1 protein level of Y79 cells was significantly reduced （P〈0.01）. After siRNA interference HMGB1, the proportion of proliferating cells reduced, and the proportion of quiescent cells increased （P〈0.05）. In addition, apoptosis rate of Y79 cells increased from 2.03% to 9.10% after interfering with HMGB1 siRNA （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： Specific HMGB1 siRNA can inhibit the expression of HMGB1. The effect may be attributed to inhibit the proliferation and promote cell apoptosis.
基金Supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(No.41230963)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11020305)+1 种基金the Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences(No.U1406403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41506144)
文摘The increasing amounts of artificial marine substrates, in many parts of the world have been proposed as a potential driver of Aurelia spp. blooms, on account of providing extra habitats for the settlement and the proliferation of the benthic stage(polyps). Previous experiments have mainly focused on the substrate choices of Aurelia spp. planulae. However, substrate preferences for the proliferation and immigration of polyps have not been reported. We monitored the propagation and immigration of Aurelia aurita(s. l.) polyps on two natural and nine artificial substrates at constant temperature(20±0.5°C) and salinity(30±0.5) in beakers and a glass aquarium in the laboratory, respectively. The results showed that, among artificial substrates, the highest number for polyp proliferation and immigration was found on nets, rigid polyvinyl chloride plates(RPVC), and wood. The lowest density of polyps was present on iron plates. Among natural substrates, the asexual reproduction rate of polyps on Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay, 1857) shells was significantly higher than Azumapecten farreri(Jones & Preston, 1904). On the account of the distinction in the roughness, chemical properties and biofilms of these material surfaces, bare artificial or natural substrates discriminatively affect the proliferation and the immigration of Aurelia spp. polyps at laboratory. These observations suggest that, even in the natural environment, different materials and texture may influence the composition and the abundance of the fouling communities and the assemblages of polyps and, indirectly, have effects on the amounts of released medusae.
基金supported by the Technological Project of Science and Technology Department of Henan Province in China,No.122102310205the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30771140,31070952,U1204311
文摘Prenatal alcohol exposure, especially during early pregnancy, can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome. The pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of ethanol are related to the effects of ceramide In this study, we established an alcohol exposure model in wild-type mice and in knockout mice for the key enzyme involved in ceramide metabolism, sphingomyelin synthase 2. This model received daily intragastric administration of 25% ethanol, and pups were used at postnatal days 0, 7, 14, 30 for experiments. Serology and immunofluorescence staining found that ethanol exposure dose-dependently reduced blood sphingomyelin levels in two genotypes of pups, and increased neural cell proliferation and the number of new neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Western blot analysis showed that the relative expression level of protein kinase C e increased in two genotypes of pups after ethanol exposure. Compared with witd-type pups, the expression level of the important activator protein of the ceramide/ceramide-l-phosphate pathway, protein kinase C a, was reduced in the hippocampus of sphingomyelin synthase 2 knockouts. Our findings illustrate that ceramide is involved in alcohol-induced neural proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of pups after prenatal ethanol exposure, and the mechanism may be associated with increased ex- pression of protein kinase C a activating the ceramide/ceramide-l-phosphate pathway.
文摘目的探讨长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,LncRNA)核富集转录体1(nuclera-enriched autosomaltranscript,NEAT1)在视网膜母细胞瘤(retinoblastoma,Rb)患儿血清中表达,以及下调Rb细胞Y79中NEAT1对细胞生物学功能的影响。方法以2015年3月~2021年3月鄂东医疗集团黄石市中心医院诊疗的83例Rb患儿为研究对象,同期,在儿童保健中心选取健康儿童50例(对照组),实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测血清中NEAT1表达,分析Rb患儿和对照组血清NEAT1表达差异,以及不同临床指标Rb患者血清中NEAT1表达差异。培养Y79细胞并分为si-NEAT1组(转染NEAT1的干扰序列)、si-NC组(转染对照序列)和Ctl组(仅加入转染试剂),分别使用qRT-PCR,MTT,流式细胞术和Transwell检测NEAT1表达、细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭情况。结果Rb患儿血清中NEAT1表达量(1.43±0.28)高于对照组(1.01±0.21),差异具有统计学意义(t=9.116,P<0.001);国际视网膜母细胞瘤分期(Intraocular International Retinoblastoma classificaton,IIRC)CDE期、低分化、视神经浸润和淋巴结转移的Rb患儿血清中NEAT1表达量明显高于AB期、中高分化、未发生视神经浸润和淋巴结转移的Rb患儿,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.190~3.693,均P<0.05);血清中NEAT1表达诊断Rb曲线下面积为0.882(95%CI:0.826~0.937),当NEAT1表达量取1.20时,灵敏度和特异度分别为80.00%和79.52%;相比于si-NC组(1.03±0.09)和Ctl组(1.02±0.15),si-NEAT1组细胞中NEAT1表达(0.35±0.06)明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=14.829,9.994,均P<0.001);si-NEAT1组24,48,72和96 h时吸光度(A值)明显低于si-NC组和Ctl组(tsi-NC=2.796~4.362,tCtl=2.641~5.555,均P<0.05),而细胞凋亡率相比于si-NC组和Ctl组明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.999,3.915,均P<0.05);与si-NC组和Ctl组比较,si-NEAT1组迁移细胞数(116.50±9.35 vs 132.00±7.32,134.00±7.95)和侵袭细胞数(96.33±8.94 vs 117.67±12.39,119.17±10.05)均降低,差异具有统计学意义(tsi-NC=3.196,3.421,tCtl=3.492,4.159,均P<0.05)。结论Rb患儿血清中NEAT1表达量升高,对Rb患儿具有一定的诊断价值,沉默Y79细胞中NEAT1表达可减少Rb细胞增殖、加速细胞凋亡,同时抑制细胞迁移和侵袭。
文摘An investigation into the type of fermentation oil palm fruit waste undergoes and the probable microorganisms involved within a short period was carried out using simple fermenter. The temperature was determined using mercury thermometer, the pH of the medium was monitored with calibrated pH meter and the titratable acidic was determined using standard technique. The microbial profile of the medium was also evaluated using standard procedures. The highest temperature value was observed at day 0 (32.65°C) and the lowest at day 1 (29.50°C). The pH values of the fermentation oil palm fruit waste ranged between 4.15 - 4.60. The highest pH value was obtained at day 3 of the fermentation which was 4.60. The titratable acidity showed variation from day 0 - 2 and then with a continuous decrease till day 5. The least titratable acidity was obtained at day 5 (0.03) and the highest at day 2 (0.77). Bacteria load decreases from 1.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> - 1.6 × 10<sup>7 </sup>cfu/ml, while the fungi population increases from day 0 to day 5 of the fermentation period (1 × 10<sup>3</sup> - 2 × 10<sup>4 </sup>sfu/ml). Bacterial isolates obtained were Micrococcus leteus, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, Baccillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus while the fungal isolates obtained were Aspergillus niger, Neurospora crassa, Brachysporium spp, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It can be concluded that oil palm waste fermentation is an acidic fermentation that involved mesophiles microbes. And with these, several tons of oil palm epicarp waste can be optimally fermented (though with further research) and used for other purposes thereby reducing environmental pollution that would have resulted leaving this oil palm fruit waste in the environment.
基金We are grateful to Ms Chantal Sottas for technical assistance. This work was in part supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China （nos. 30871434 and 31171425 to RS Ge, no. 30900846 to CQ Wang and no. 81200430 to YF Zhang）.
文摘Progenitor Leydig cells are derived from stem cells. The proliferation and differentiation of progenitor Leydig cells significantly contributes to Leydig cell number during puberty. However, the regulation of these processes remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to determine whether luteinizing hormone （LH） or androgen contributes to the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor Leydig cells. Fourteen-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 7 days with NalGlu, which is a gonadotropin- releasing hormone antagonist, to reduce the secretion of LH in the pituitary and thus, androgen in the testis. Rats were co-administered with LH or 7a-methyl-nortestosterone （MENT）, which is an androgen resistant to metabolism by 5a-reductase 1 in progenitor Leydig cells, and the subsequent effects of LH or androgen were measured. 3H-Thymidine was also intravenously injected into rats to study thymidine incorporation in progenitor Leydig cells. Progenitor Leydig cells were examined. NalGlu administration reduced progenitor Leydig cell proliferation by 83%. In addition, LH or MENT treatment restored Leydig cell proliferative capacity to 73% or 50% of control, respectively. The messenger RNA levels of proliferation-related genes were measured using real-time PCR. The expression levels of Igfl, Lifr, Pdgfra, Bcl2, Ccnd3and Pcnawere upregulated by MENT, and those of Pdgfra, Ccnd3and Pcnawere upregulated by LH. Both LH and MENT stimulated the differentiation of progenitor Leydig cells in vitro. We concluded that both LH and MENT were involved in regulating the development of progenitor Leydig cells.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province, No. 805107
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of transplanted fetal liver epithelial progenitor （FLEP） cells on liver fibrosis in mice. METHODS： FLEP cells were isolated from embryonal day （ED） 14 BALB/c mice and transplanted into female syngenic BALB/c mice （n = 60）. After partial hepatectomy （PH）, diethylnitrosamine （DEN） was administered to induce liver fibrosis. Controls received FLEP cells and non-supplemented drinking water, the model group received DEN-spiked water, and the experimental group received FLEP cells and DEN. Mice were killed after 1, 2, and 3 mo, and alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, hyaluronic acid （HA）, and laminin （LN） in serum, and hydroxyproline （Hyp） content in liver were assessed. Alpha-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） of liver was tested by immunohistochemistry. Transplanted male mice FLEP cells were identified by immunocytochemistry for sty （sex determination region for Y chromosome） protein. RESULTS： Serum ALT, AST, HA, and LN were markedly reduced by transplanted FLEP cells. Liver Hyp content and （α-SMA staining in mice receiving FLEP cells were lower than that of the model group, which was consistent with altered liver pathology. Transplanted cells proliferated and differentiated into hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells with 30%-50% repopulation in the liver fibrosis induced by DEN after 3 mo. CONCLUSION： Transplanted FLEP cells proliferate and differentiate into hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells with high repopulation capacity in the fiberized liver induced by DEN, which restores liver function and reduces liver fibrosis.
文摘To evaluate the action of Apium graveolens L. on the growth and differentiation of neural stem cells （NSCs）, cells culture and animal experiment were performed. NSCs were isolated from the striatum of SD rat embryo were cultured in the medium containing aqueous extract from Apium graveolens L（AAG）.and/or the serum derived from mice treated with Apium graveolens L （SAG）. The results show that AAG promoted the survival and growth of NSCs in low concentration. Apium graveolens L. leaves aqueous extract promoted the proliferation of NSCs in relatively high concentration. SAG significantly accelerated the differentiation of NSCs.
基金supported by a grant from the Distinguished Young Scholars in Universities in Liaoning Province Development Plan, No. LJQ2011090
文摘Muscle-derived stem cells were isolated from the skeletal muscle of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats aged 3 days old. Cells at passage 5 were incubated in Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium supplemented with 10% （v/v） fetal bovine serum, 20 IJg/L nerve growth factor, 20 pg/L basic fibroblast growth factor and 1% （v/v） penicillin for 6 days. Cells presented with long processes, similar to nerve cells. Connections were formed between cell processes. Immunocytochemical staining with neuron specific enolase verified that cells differentiated into neuron-like cells. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and western blot results revealed that the expression of protein hairy enhancer of split-1 was significantly reduced. These results indicate that low expression of protein hairy enhancer of split-1 participates in the differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells.
