Effect of alternative antibiotics in treatment of cefotaxime resistant spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

AIM:To evaluate effective alternative antibiotics in treatment of cefotaxime-resistant spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.METHODS:One hundred cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count(PMNLs) ≥ 250 cells/mm 3 at admission] were empirically treated with cefotaxime sodium 2 g/12 h and volume expansion by intravenous human albumin.All patients were subjected to history taking,complete examination,laboratory tests(including a complete blood cell count,prothrombin time,biochemical tests of liver and kidney function,and fresh urine sediment),chest X-ray,a diagnostic abdominal paracentesis,and the sample subjected to total and differential cell count,chemical examination,aerobic and anaerobic cultures.Patients were divided after 2 d by a second ascitic PMNL count into group Ⅰ;patients sensitive to cefotaxime(n = 81),group Ⅱ(n = 19);cases resistant to cefotaxime(less than 25% decrease in ascitic PMNL count).Patients of group Ⅱ were randomly assigned into meropenem(n = 11) or levofloxacin(n = 8) subgroups.All patients performed an end of treatment ascitic PMNL count.Patients were considered improved when:PMNLs decreased to < 250 cells/mm 3,no growth in previously positive culture cases,and improved clinical manifestations with at least 5 d of antibiotic therapy.RESULTS:Age,sex,and Child classes showed no significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ.Fever and abdominal pain were the most frequent manifestations and were reported in 82.7% and 80.2% of patients in group Ⅰ and in 94.7% and 84.2% of patients in group Ⅱ,respectively.Patients in group Ⅱ had a more severe ascitic inflammatory response than group Ⅰ and this was demonstrated by more ascitic lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) [median:540 IU/L(range:150-1200 IU/L) vs median:240 IU/L(range:180-500 IU/L),P = 0.000] and PMNL [median:15 000 cell/mm 3(range:957-23 822 cell/mm 3) vs 3400 cell/mm 3(range:695-26 400 cell/mm 3),P = 0.000] counts.Ascitic fluid culture was positive in 32% of cases.Cefotaxime failed in 19% of patients;of these patients,11(100%) responded to meropenem and 6(75%) responded to levofloxacin.Two patients with failed levofloxacin therapy were treated according to the in vitro culture and sensitivity(one case was treated with vancomycin and one case was treated with ampicillin/sulbactam).In group Ⅱ the meropenem subgroup had higher LDH(range:108-860 IU/L vs 120-491 IU/L,P = 0.042) and PMNL counts(range:957-23 822 cell/mm 3 vs 957-15 222 cell/mm 3,P = 0.000) at initiation of the alternative antibiotic therapy;there was no significant difference in the studied parameters between patients responsive to meropenem and patients responsive to levofloxacin at the end of therapy(mean ± SD:316.01 ± 104.03PMNLs/mm 3 vs 265.63 ± 69.61 PMNLs/mm 3,P = 0.307).The isolated organisms found in group Ⅱ were;enterococci,acinetobacter,expanded-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli,β-lactamase producing Enterobacter and Staphylococcus aureus.CONCLUSION:Empirical treatment with cefotaxime is effective in 81% of cases;meropenem is effective in cefotaxime-resistant cases.

Effects of Chai-Qin-Cheng-Qi Decoction on cefotaxime in rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM:To investigate the effect of Chai-Qin-Cheng-Qi Decoction(CQCQD)on cefotaxime(CTX)concentration in pancreas of rats with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). METHODS:Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into an ANP group(ANP model +CTX,n=20),treatment group(ANP model+CTX +CQCQD,n=20)and control group(normal rats+ CTX,n=20).ANP models were induced by retrograde intraductal injection of 3.5%sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg),and the control group was injected intraductally with normal saline.All rats were injected introperitoneally with 0.42 g/kg CTX(at 12-h intervals for a continuous 72 h)at 6 h after intraductal injection. Meanwhile,the treatment group received CQCQD (20 mL/kg)intragastrically at 8-h intervals,and the ANP and control group were treated intragastrically with normal saline.At 15 min after the last CTX injection,blood and pancreas samples were collected for the determination of CTX concentration using validated high-performance liquid chromatography. Pathological changes and wet-to-dry-weight(W/D) ratio of pancreatic tissue were examined. RESULTS:Serum CTX concentrations in three groups were not significantly different.Pancreatic CTXconcentration and penetration ratio were lower in ANP group vs control group(4.4±0.6μg/mL vs 18.6± 1.7μg/mL,P=0.000;5%vs 19%,P=0.000),but significantly higher in treatment group vs ANP group (6.4±1.7μg/mL vs 4.4±0.6μg/mL,P=0.020;7% vs 5%,P=0.048).The histological scores and W/D ratio were significantly decreased in treatment group vs ANP and control group. CONCLUSION:CQCQD might have a promotive effect on CTX concentration in pancreatic tissues of rats with ANP.

Single daily amikacin versus cefotaxime in the short-course treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotics

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of single daily amikacin vs. cefotaxime in the 5-d treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).METHODS: Thirty-seven cirrhotic patients with SBP,19 in group A and 18 in group B, were studied. Group A received 1 g of cefotaxime every 6 h, and group B received 500 mg of amikacin qd. Both antibiotics were administered up to 5 d and the responses were compared.RESULTS: Infection was cured in 15 of 19 patients (78.9%) treated with cefotaxime and in 11 of 18 (61.1%)treated with amikacin. Four patients of the Cefotaxime group (21.1%) and five patients of the Amikacin group (27.8%) died. Two in each group (10.5% vs 11.1%)had renal impairment during study period. One in each group (5.3% vs 5.6%) may be considered to suffer from nephrotoxicity due to increased urinary β2-microglobulin concentration.CONCLUSION: In this study, single daily doses of amikacin in the treatment of SBP in cirrhotics were not associated with an increased incidence of renal impairment or nephrotoxicity. However, a 5-d regimen of amikacin is less effective than a 5-d regimen of cefotaxime in the SBP treatment.

In vitro interference of cefotaxime at subinhibitory concentrations on biofilm formation by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

Objective:To investigate the in vitro interference of cefotaxime at subinhibitory concentrations [sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC)] on biofilm formation by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae(NTHi).Methods:The interference of subinhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime on biofilm formation of the clinical strong-biofilm forming isolates of NTHi was evaluated by a microtiter plate biofilm formation assay.The effect of sub-MIC cefotaxime on bacterial cell-surface hydrophobicity was determined using a standard microbial adhesion to n-hexadecane test.Additionally,the effects on bacterial adherence to human fibronectin and expression of bacterial adhesins were also investigated.Results:Subinhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime,both at 0.1× and 0.5× MIC levels,efficiently reduced the NTHi biofilm formation,and this effect was independent of decreasing bacterial viability.Sub-MIC cefotaxime also decreased bacterial cell-surface hydrophobicity and reduced adherence to human fibronectin.Inhibition in the P2 and P6 gene expressions upon exposure to sub-MIC cefotaxime was also noted.Conclusions:Taken together,our results indicate that sub-MIC cefotaxime interferes with the formation of NTHi biofilm,and this effect is feasibly related to the interference with cell-surface hydrophobicity,fibronectin-binding activity as well as alteration of the P2 and P6 gene expression.The findings of the present study therefore provide a rationale for the use of subinhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime for treatment of NTHi-related diseases.

Study on the effects of cefotaxime on intracellular Ca^(2+) in human peripheral lymphocytes by fluoremetry

Characteristic of Fura-2-Ca^2＋ interaction was studied based on the fluorescence technique. The apparent dissociation constants （Kd） of the Fura-2-Ca^2＋ complex were determined at different temperature. The effect of cefotaxime （CEFA） on intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration （[Ca^2＋]i） was discussed by using a ratiometric fluorescence dye Fura-2 as a probe. The basal [Ca^2＋]i in resting human peripheral lymphocytes was 100 4- 7 nmol/L but after treatment with cefotaxime, the changes of [Ca^2＋]i were observed in different conditions. In the concentration range of 1-30 μmol/L of cefotaxime [Ca^2＋]i increased, as a result of releasing intracellular Ca^2＋ stores. Higher concentration of cefotaxime （50-500 μmol/L） stimulated to decrease of [Ca^2＋]i.

The Stimulatory Effects of the Antimicrobial Agents Bavistin, Cefotaxime and Kanamycin on <i>In Vitro</i>Plant Regeneration of <i>Centella asiatica</i>(L.)—An Important Antijaundice Medicinal Plant

Antimicrobial agents such as bavistin, cefotaxime and kanamycin were evaluated for their effects on the rapid shoot regeneration from nodal explants of Centella asiatica (L.). Filter sterilized bavistin (250 mg/L) was augmented alone and in combination with cytokinins such as BAP and TDZ into the media to trace the effect on regeneration. On this basis, the potential use of bavistin (150 mg/L) along with BAP (2.0 mg/L) was evaluated which showed the maximum shoot number (6.6) and shoot length (4.4 cm) respectively. Cefotaxime at the concentration of 100 μM/L was found to be effective to obtain the maximum shoot number formation (5.8) with the regeneration frequency (90%). Kanamycin at the concentration of 80 μM/L induced maximum shoot regeneration (5.12). Kanamycin at 100 μM/L or at higher concentrations reduced the shoot regeneration. The best rooting response was noticed when in vitro regenerated microshoots were transferred to the rooting medim which was supplemented with IBA (2.0 mg/L). This combination generates 90% of regeneration frequency and maximum number of roots per shoot (14.2) and high root length (4.2 cm). The rooted plants were acclimatized and transferred to field for survivalance. The addition of antibiotics was found to be more effective and safer for using since their effects on regeneration were found to be negligible.

Complexity of Gold(Ⅲ)Ion With Cefotaxime and Cefepime Drugs:Spectroscopic,Antimicrobial and Antitumor Discussions

The availability of chemical and biological data presented in this paper is the basis for understanding not only the current state of anti-cancer drugs based on gold(Ⅲ),but also the rationale for strategies for future drug design.New Au(Ⅲ)nanosized complexes of cefotaxime(ceph-3)and cefepime(ceph-4)ligands as a 3rd and 4th of cephalosporin generation drugs were synthesized.Gold(Ⅲ)complexes were discussed based on the elemental,molar conductance,thermal and magnetic moment measurements as well as spectral(FTIR,1HNMR,UV-Vis,and XRD)techniques.FT-IR spectra revealed that the ceph-3 and ceph-4 ligands reacted as a bidentate ligands through carboxylate oxygen andβ-lactam oxygen groups.The analytical analysis confirm that the molar ratio is 1∶1(Au 3+/ceph)with general formula[Au(L)(Cl)2]where L=ceph-3 or ceph-4.The structures of Au(Ⅲ)complexes were presence as a square planar geometry.X-ray diffraction patterns referred to a crystalline nature for all synthesized complexes.TEM analyses confirmed that the synthetic gold(Ⅲ)complexes have a nanosized particles.In vitro antimicrobial activities of Au(Ⅲ)complexes were evaluated towards two types of bacteria(G+&G-).The antitumor activities of gold(Ⅲ)complexes are appraised against breast(MCF-7)and colorectal adenocarcinoma(Caco-2)cell lines,which means that the two complexes may consider promising anticancer drugs.

第三代半合成头孢菌素:Cefoperazone、Cefotaxime和Moxalactam

近年来半合成头孢菌素获得迅速的发展,并根据抗菌谱的范围已进入第四世代的研究。抗菌谱与头孢噻嗯相似的称为第一代;第二代抗菌谱除包括第一代范围外扩大至对第一代无效的肠杆菌属、吲哚阳性变形菌属、嗜血流感杆菌和某些拟杆菌属等;第三代活力更高,抗菌谱更广,并包括绿脓杆菌。目前正在发展药物动力学性能更优的第四代。本文就第三代中几个较成熟的半合成头孢菌素概述于下。头孢氧哌唑(Cefoperazone,T-1551)

Synthesis and Characterization of Schiff Base Metal Complexes Derived from Cefotaxime with 1<i>H</i>-indole-2,3-dione (Isatin) and 4-N,N-dimethyl-aminobenzaldehyde

This work involved the synthesis of two Schiff base derivatives of cefotaxime antibiotic (CFX) namely: [sodium3-(acetoxymethyl)-7-((Z)-2-(methoxyimino)-2-(2-((E)-2–oxoindolin-3-ylide-neamino) thiazol-4-yl)acetamido)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate]. (0.5) Methanol (LI) and [sodium3-(acetoxymethyl)-7-((2Z)-2-(2-(4-dimethylamino) benzylideneamino) thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate]. (0.5) Methanol (LII) from the condensation reaction of the antibiotic with 1H-Indole-2,3-dione(isatin) and -N, N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde respectively. Metal complexes of the two Schiff base ligands with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) ions were prepared by reacting each ligand with the metal salts in refluxing ethanol. The chemical structures of the two ligands as well as the stereo-chemical structures and geometries of the studied metal complexes were suggested depending the results obtained from CHN and TG analysis, NMR, FTIR, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, electronic spectra, magnetic moments and conductivity measurements. The mole ratio of the ligands to the metal ion was 1:1 with tridentate bonding behaviors of the coordinating ligands with the metal ions.

Analytical Behavior of Fura-2 and Its Determination of [Ca2+]i in Lymphocytes Treated with Cefotaxime

The interaction of Fura-2 with Ca^2＋ is studied using steady fluorescence technique. The effect of pH on the spectra behavior of Fura-2 in the presence of Ca^2＋ is investigated, the excitation maxima （340 nm） and the isobestic point （360 nm） for the fluorescence spectra of Fura-2 depend on pH. At different temperatures the apparent dissociation constants （ Kd ） of Fura-2-Ca^2＋ complex are examined, Kd is found to decrease with increasing temperatures （20 ℃, 37 ℃, 50 ℃ ） and △His calculated to be 21.16 kJ/mol by using the Van＇ t Hoff equation at pH 7.4 for all the temperatures tested. The determination of intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration （ [Ca^2＋ ] i ） in lymphocyte is developed by using Fura-2 as a fluorescence probe in the presence of Cefotaxime at 37 ℃ and pH 7.4.

Antibiosis of Cefotaxime/Clindamycin and Lactobacillus acidophilus on Related Bacteria to Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Diabetic foot complications are very common and represent a serious health problem in Mexico because of their high frequency, high costs and difficulties in handling. The treatment of choice to inhibit bacteria related to diabetic foot ulcer consists mainly of the use of cefotaxime however the problem with this treatment (antibiotics) is not always effective due to the pathophysiological condition of the patient, together with the resistance bacteria develop to the drugs. OMS has suggested the use of probiotics for research directed to the development of microbial interference therapies. This project used the Lyophilized conditioned medium with probiotics, extracellulars of probiotics, because there are reports in which wound healing in mice is observed employing probiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of cefotaxime, clindamycin and thelyophilized conditioned media Lactobacillus acidophilus (LCMLa) on bacterias isolated from diabetic foot ulcer, this bioassay was performed by the turbidimetric method. The macroscopic analysis of the colonies was carried out and the morphological analysis of the bacteria was carried out using the atomic force microscope;in addition, the type of Gram and oxygen requirements for its growth were determined. From the diabetic foot ulcers, three strains were isolated, of which strain 1 and 3 whose morphology corresponds to a bacillus, was susceptible to cefotaxime and to the lyophilized conditioned medium of L. acidophilus. The potential of microbial interference that exhibits L. acidophilus on bacteria related to diabetic foot ulcer is demonstrated.

高效凝胶色谱联用质谱法快速鉴定盐酸头孢吡肟中的聚合物

目的:采用高效凝胶色谱法联用质谱法推断注射用盐酸头孢吡肟中聚合物的结构。方法:采用TSK gel G2000SWxl高效分子排阻色谱柱,以5 mM甲酸铵溶液-乙腈(95∶5)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL·min^(-1),检测波长为254 nm,柱温为25℃。在正离子模式下获取各聚合物杂质的质谱数据,结合头孢类抗生素聚合物的质谱裂解规律、降解反应原理,解析相关聚合物的结构。结果:推断出4种聚合物的化学结构,其中2个是头孢吡肟二聚体杂质,另外2个是三聚体杂质,其中三聚体杂质为首次报道。结论:采用高效凝胶色谱法联用质谱技术,可快速推断出注射用盐酸头孢吡肟中的聚合物的化学结构,可为其他头孢菌素聚合物的分离、鉴定及产品质量提高提供参考。

HPLC法测定人血清及脑脊液中头孢他啶、头孢噻肟和头孢曲松的浓度

目的 建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定血清/脑脊液中头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟的浓度,并应用于治疗药物监测。方法 色谱柱Diamonsil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0 μm);甲醇-0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(用甲酸调节pH值至3.0)为流动相,梯度洗脱;检测波长为254 nm;流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温25 ℃;头孢曲松和头孢噻肟作为内标。考察专属性、线性、精密度、稳定性、回收率等试验。结果 头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松的血清/脑脊液样品线性良好(r值均>0.999);三者血清/脑脊液的日内、日间精密度良好(RSD<5%),回收率在90%~110%之内;在室温24 h、冷藏48 h、反复冻融3次、样品处理后6 h、-20 ℃冷冻50 d等情况下均稳定(RSD<15%)。结论?该方法操作简便、准确、专属性强,可进行药物浓度监测,预防抗菌药物相关性脑病的发生。

注射用头孢噻肟钠的真实世界安全性研究

目的提高注射用头孢噻肟钠临床使用(尤其是特殊人群中使用)的安全性。方法纳入某制药公司2019年1月至2022年12月收集的全国范围内自发报告的关于注射用头孢噻肟钠的个例安全性报告(ICSR)1984例,并对其药品不良反应(ADR)的类型及影响因素进行分析。结果1984例ICSR中有1279例(64.47%)纳入特殊人群组,有705例(35.53%)纳入非特殊人群组。涉及ADR3001例次。ADR类型组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且均以一般ADR为主(1388例,69.96%)。按首选语(PT)例次数统计,系统器官分类(SOC)排前3的分别为皮肤及皮下组织类疾病(1715例次)、胃肠系统疾病(369例次)、全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应(228例次),其中特殊人群组分别为1135,228,124例次。两组ADR发生时间、转归比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且发生时间均主要集中于用药后30 min内,转归均主要为痊愈或好转。Logistic回归分析结果显示,患者年龄段、是否为特殊人群、人群类别、联合用药情况、超剂量用药、给药持续时间、皮试情况、临床不合理用药、既往过敏史与ADR史均为致注射用头孢噻肟钠ADR的危险因素(P<0.05)。其中,是否为特殊人群和人群类别是累及全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应、各类神经系统疾病ADR的独立危险因素。结论致注射用头孢噻肟钠ADR的危险因素较多,临床应重视并注意识别其ADR相关的影响因素,并在用药过程中对特殊人群患者予以重点监护,从而尽可能地规避患者的用药风险,提高患者用药安全性。

头孢噻肟联合乙酰半胱氨酸治疗新生儿肺炎的疗效及对炎症因子的影响

目的分析头孢噻肟联合乙酰半胱氨酸治疗新生儿肺炎的疗效及对炎症因子的影响。方法随机选取2020年1月—2024年1月三穗县人民医院收治的100例新生儿肺炎患儿为研究对象,根据不同治疗方法分成观察组和对照组,每组50例。对照组静脉滴注头孢噻肟钠,观察组在对照组的基础上,联合使用乙酰半胱氨酸溶液治疗,比较两组的临床疗效、症状改善时间及血清炎症因子水平。结果观察组的治疗总有效率为98.00%(49/50),高于对照组的84.00%(42/50),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.396,P=0.036)。观察组的症状改善时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿的C反应蛋白和降钙素原均降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论头孢噻肟钠联合乙酰半胱氨酸,可以在短期内缓解新生儿肺炎的症状,降低炎症因子水平,提高临床疗效。

地塞米松联合头孢噻肟治疗化脓性脑膜炎患儿的效果

目的:观察地塞米松联合头孢噻肟治疗化脓性脑膜炎(PM)患儿的效果。方法:回顾性分析2021年9月至2023年9月该院收治的94例PM患儿的临床资料,按照不同治疗方案分为观察组(n=47)和对照组(n=47)。对照组予以头孢噻肟治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合地塞米松治疗,比较两组临床疗效、脑脊液指标(白细胞计数、蛋白质浓度、葡萄糖浓度)水平、血清因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-12(IL-12)、淀粉样蛋白(SAA)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、可溶性B7同源体3(sB7-H3)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、中枢神经特异性蛋白(S100β)]水平和不良反应发生率。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为95.74%,明显高于对照组的76.60%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组脑脊液白细胞计数、蛋白质浓度和血清NSE、S100β、MMP-9、sB7-H3、TNF-α、SAA、IL-12水平低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,两组脑脊液葡萄糖浓度高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:地塞米松联合头孢噻肟治疗化脓性脑膜炎患儿可提高治疗总有效率,改善脑脊液指标水平,降低血清因子水平,效果优于单纯头孢噻肟治疗。

康妇炎胶囊联合头孢噻肟钠在子宫内膜炎临床治疗中的应用研究

目的:研究康妇炎胶囊联合头孢噻肟钠在子宫内膜炎临床治疗中的应用价值。方法:选取2022年10月至2023年9月本院收治的80例子宫内膜炎患者为研究对象,按照就诊时间顺序分为对照组和研究组,每组40例,对照组接受头孢噻肟钠治疗,研究组在对照组基础上接受康妇炎胶囊治疗,比较两组临床治疗效果、临床症状、炎症因子及不良反应(包括头晕、恶心、呕吐、腹泻等)。结果:治疗2周后,研究组总有效率95.00%高于对照组的80.00%(P<0.05);治疗2周后,研究组白带异常、腹痛及发热等临床症状积分和C反应蛋白(C-reactive Protein,CRP)、白细胞介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)及白细胞介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)等炎症指标水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗期间,研究组不良反应发生率5.00%较对照组7.50%,差异无显著统计区别(P>0.05)。结论:康妇炎胶囊联合头孢噻肟钠可提高子宫内膜炎治疗效果,改善临床症状及炎症水平,且安全性高。

HPLC法测定头孢噻肟钠的有关物质

建立对头孢噻肟钠有关物质的检测方法。使用安捷伦C18色谱柱,以pH6.2的磷酸氢二钠缓冲液-乙腈作为流动相。235 nm的检测波长,30℃的柱温,4℃的进样室温度,1.0 mL·min^(-1)的流速,10μL的进样量。能够对头孢噻肟钠有关物质进行准确的定性和定量。测试结果表明,杂质A、杂质B、杂质C、杂质D、杂质E、杂质F、杂质G、杂质H、杂质7-ACA、杂质J检测限分别为0.0078、0.0151、0.0126、0.0053、0.0108、0.0054、0.0201、0.0129、0.0214、0.0140μg·mL^(-1),定量限分别为0.0266、0.0514、0.0430、0.0188、0.0359、0.0180、0.0674、0.0431、0.0715、0.0472μg·mL^(-1),浓度线性范围0.0180~16.614μg·mL^(-1)内线性关系较好,相关系数≥0.999;回收率在90%~108%范围内。该方法具有较强专属性、灵敏度高且耐用性好,能够满足检测要求。

不同抗生素在呼吸内科感染治疗中的临床效果观察

研究分析呼吸内科感染性疾病治疗中不同抗生素的应用效果以及用药安全性。选取2023年1月—2023年8月于呼吸内科接受治疗的90例呼吸感染性疾病患者为研究对象。采取抽签法将患者分为对照组及观察组,每组各45例。对照组实施左氧氟沙星治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上实施头孢他啶治疗,对比两组患者的临床疗效、炎症因子水平、呼吸功能以及不良反应等指标。结果显示,观察组患者的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的止咳时间和退热时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者的各项炎症因子水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组患者各项肺功能指标均优于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者用药不良反应总发生率比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。研究发现,呼吸内科感染性疾病治疗中左氧氟沙星联合头孢他啶治疗的效果优于单一左氧氟沙星治疗,临床可根据患者的实际情况合理选择药物。

注射用头孢西丁钠在不同配伍溶液中的稳定性研究

目的:考察注射用头孢西丁钠和参比制剂在不同种配伍溶液中的稳定性。方法:采用注射用头孢西丁钠和参比制剂在0.9%氯化钠注射液、5%葡萄糖注射液中进行配伍试验,测定其含量、有关物质、酸度、可见异物、溶液的澄清度与颜色、不溶性微粒、5-羟甲基糠醛在各个时间点的变化,评估自制制剂与配伍溶液的稳定性与参比制剂的一致性。结果:在0 h、3 h、6 h、12 h内,自制制剂与参比制剂变化趋势基本一致。结论:注射用头孢西丁钠在不同配伍溶液中稳定性良好,符合临床用药要求。