Coseismic Coulomb stress changes induced by a 2020-2021 M_(W)>7.0 Alaska earthquake sequence in and around the Shumagin gap and its influence on the Alaska-Aleutian subduction interface

Three M_(W)>7.0 earthquakes in 2020-2021 occurred in the Shumagin seismic gap and its adjacent area of the Alaska-Aleutian subduction zone,including the Mw7.8 Simeonof thrust earthquake on July 22,2020,the M_(W)7.6 Sand Point strike-slip earthquake on October 19,2020,and the M_(W)8.2 Chignik thrust earthquake on July 29,2021.The spatial and temporal proximity of these three earthquakes prompts us to probe stress-triggering effects among them.Here we examine the coseismic Coulomb stress change imparted by the three earthquakes and their influence on the subduction interface.Our results show that:(1)The Simeonof earthquake has strong loading effects on the subsequent Sand Point and Chignik earthquakes,with the Coulomb stress changes of 3.95 bars and 2.89 bars,respectively.The Coulomb stress change caused by the Sand Point earthquake at the hypocenter of the Chignik earthquake is merely around 0.01 bars,suggesting the negligible triggering effect on the latter earthquake;(2)The triggering effects of the Simeonof,Sand Point,and Chignik earthquakes on aftershocks within three months are not well pronounced because of the triggering rates of 38%,14%,and 43%respectively.Other factors may have played an important role in promoting the occurrence of these aftershocks,such as the roughness of the subduction interface,the complicated velocity structure of the lithosphere,and the heterogeneous prestress therein;(3)The three earthquakes caused remarkable coseismic Coulomb stress changes at the subduction interface nearby these mainshocks,with an average Coulomb stress change of 3.2 bars in the shallow region directly inwards the trench.

Sequencing and Analysis of ITS Sequences of Bangia atropurpurea

[Object]To providing new data for phylogenesis of Bangia atropurpurea by the sequencing of internal transcribed spacer（ITS region）of rDNA.[Method]B.atropurpurea was collected from Niangziguan Spring in Shanxi,the DNA was extracted and the primers were designed for PCR amplification so as to obtain ITS gene sequence.[Result]The homology of ITS region between B.atropurpurea and Porphyra oligospermatangia was 75%,which was 79% between B.atropurpurea and P.yezoensis.[Conclusion]Compared with other genes,the ITS sequence had a greater evolution rate.The differences in classification and distribution resulted in the sequence diversity.

Seismic Sequence in Carbonate Rocks By Vibrational Liquefaction

On the basis of the records of strong seismic events taking place in soft carbonate sediments, a new seismic sequence system of vibrational liquefaction is established, which consists of a series of units, such as escaped structure of micrite veins and liquefied deformation formed in the period of seismic liquefaction, land subsidence structure after liquefaction, tsunamic hummocky and turbidite produced by seismic events, This sequence is a generalization and summation of field observation in vast areas, which shows the whole process of a strong seismic event and provides an unified theoretical explanation. The pattern of the seismic sequence by vibrational liquefaction provides one of correlation standards for geologists in the field to discriminate events in carbonate sequences. Based on the pattern of seismic sequence, the authors first advance a new conception of the Palaeo-Tanlu (Tancheng-Lujiang) Zone and discuss primarily its geological significations.

The 20 April 2013 Lushan, Sichuan, mainshock, and its aftershock sequence: tectonic implications

Using the double-difference relocation algo- rithm, we relocated the 20 April 2013 Lushan, Sichuan, earthquake （Ms 7.0）, and its 4,567 aftershocks recorded during the period between 20 April and May 3, 2013. Our results showed that most aftershocks are relocated between 10 and 20 km depths, but some large aftershocks were relocated around 30 krn depth and small events extended upward near the surface. Vertical cross sections illustrate a shovel-shaped fault plane with a variable dip angle from the southwest to northeast along the fault. Furthermore, the dip angle of the fault plane is smaller around the mainshock than that in the surrounding areas along the fault. These results suggest that it may be easy to generate the strong earthquake in the place having a small dip angle of the fault, which is somewhat similar to the genesis of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The Lushan mainshock is underlain by the seismically anomalous layers with low-Vp, low-Vs, and high-Poisson＇s ratio anomalies, possibly suggesting that the fluid-filled fractured rock matrices might signifi- cantly reduce the effective normal stress on the fault plane to bring the brittle failure. The seismic gap between Lushan and Wenchuan aftershocks is suspected to be vulnerable to future seismic risks at greater depths, if any.

SOME EULER SPACES OF DIFFERENCE SEQUENCES OF ORDER m

Kizmaz [13] studied the difference sequence spaces ∞（A）, c（A）, and co（A）. Several article dealt with the sets of sequences of m-th order difference of which are bounded, convergent, or convergent to zero. Altay and Basar [5] and Altay, Basar, and Mursaleen [7] introduced the Euler sequence spaces e0^r, ec^r, and e∞^r, respectively. The main purpose of this article is to introduce the spaces e0^r△^（m））, ec^r△^（m））, and e∞^r△^（m））consisting of all sequences whose mth order differences are in the Euler spaces e0^r, ec^r, and e∞^r, respectively. Moreover, the authors give some topological properties and inclusion relations, and determine the α-, β-, and γ-duals of the spaces e0^r△^（m））, ec^r△^（m））, and e∞^r△^（m））, and the Schauder basis of the spaces e0^r△^（m））, ec^r△^（m））. The last section of the article is devoted to the characterization of some matrix mappings on the sequence space ec^r△^（m））.

Dependence of the E. coli promoter strength and physical parameters upon the nucleotide sequence

The energy of interaction between complementary nucleotides in promoter sequences of E. coli was calculated and visualized. The graphic method for presentation of energy properties of promoter sequences was elaborated on. Data obtained indicated that energy distribution through the length of promoter sequence results in picture with minima at –35, –8 and +7 regions corresponding to areas with elevated AT (adenine-thymine) content. The most important difference from the random sequences area is related to –8. Four promoter groups and their energy properties were revealed. The promoters with minimal and maximal energy of interaction between complementary nucleotides have low strengths, the strongest promoters correspond to promoter clusters characterized by intermediate energy values.

FAREY SEQUENCE OF NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL DYNAMIC SYSTEM IN TWO DIMENSIONS

In this paper , through the discrim ination of Farey sequence in the forced Brusselator withweak coupling , it is proved that there is a topological translation fro m a nonlinear differen tial system ( limit cycle) to the circle m ap .

Sequence stratigraphy of the petroliferous Dariyan Formation (Aptian) in Qeshm Island and offshore (southern Iran)

After sea level rises during the Early Cretaceous, upper parts of the Khami Group sediments （Fahliyan, Gadvan, and Dariyan Formations） deposited over Jurassic sediments. The Lower Cretaceous （Aptian） Dariyan Formation （equivalent to the Shu＇aiba Formation and Hawar Member of the Arabian Plate） carbonates, which have hydrocarbon reservoir potential, form the uppermost portion of the Khami Group that unconformably overlays the Gadvan Formation and was unconformably covered by the Kazhdumi Formation and Burgan sandstones. Detailed paleontological, sedimentological, and well log analysis were performed on seven wells from Qeshm Island and offshore in order to analyze the sequence stratigraphy of this interval and correlate with other studies of the Dariyan Formation in this region. According to this study, the Dariyan Formation contains 14 carbonate lithofacies, which deposited on a ramp system that deepened in both directions （NE-wells 5, 6 and SWIwells 1, 2）. Sequence stratigraphy led to recognition of 5 Aptian third-order sequences toward the Bab Basin （SW-well 1） and 4 Aptian third-order sequences toward Qeshm Island （NE-wells 5 and 6） so these areas show higher gamma on the gamma ray logs and probably have higher source rock potential. Other wells （wells 2-4 and 7） mainly deposited in shallower ramp systems and contain 3 Aptian third-order sequences. On the other hand, rudstone and boundstone lithofacies of studied wells have higher reservoir potential and were deposited during Apt 3 and Apt 4 sequences of the Arabian Plate. The Dariyan Formation in Qeshm Island （well 6） and adjacent well （well 5） was deposited in an intrashelf basin that should be classified as a new intrashelf basin in future Aptian paleogeographic maps. We interpret that salt-related differential subsidence, crustal warping, and reactivation of basement faults of the Arabian Plate boundary were responsible for the creation of the intrashelf basin in the Qeshm area.

ON THE m^(th) ORDER DIFFERENCE SEQUENCE SPACE OF GENERALIZED WEIGHTED MEAN AND COMPACT OPERATORS

In this article, using generalized weighted mean and difference matrix of order m, we introduce the paranormed sequence space l（u, v, p; △（m））, which consist of the sequences whose generalized weighted △（m）-difference means are in the linear space l（p） defined by I.J.Maddox. Also, we determine the basis of this space and compute its α-, β- and γ-duals. Further, we give the characterization of the classes of matrix mappings from l（u, v, p, △（m）） to l∞, c, and co. Finally, we apply the Hausdorff measure of noncompacness to characterize some classes of compact operators given by matrices on the space lp（U, v, △（m）） （1 ≤ p 〈 ∞）.

Sequence Boundary:Its Significance in Stratigraphic Subdivision,Correlation and Classification

Sequence boundary is studied in detail in reference to the Permian Guadalupian Lopingian boundary, based on high resolution correlation of conodont zones. A conceptual synchronous stratigraphic boundary, corresponding to the age of the sequence boundary dated in the conformable portion of the sequence boundary, is defined as the sequence chronostratigraphic boundary (SCB). The sequence boundary is proved to be dual in nature in regards to tin-synchrony and diachroneity of stratigraphic boundaries. The merits of the sequence boundary in stratigraphic subdivision, correlation and classification are elucidated in comparison with the lithostratigraphic boundary, the biostratigraphic boundary and the traditional approach of the global stratotype section and point (GSSP ). By integrating the virtues of the sequence boundary and the GSSP, it is proposed that the GSSP should be established in the conformable portion of the related sequence boundary. The boundary established in light of this approach is defined as the best natural boundary. The analysis of the sequence boundary leads to the conclusion that sequence stratigraphy is a regional and transitional stratigraphic system between local lithostratigraphy and global chronostratigraphy. Therefore, a new tripartite stratigraphic classification scheme is tentatively proposed.

The circ_0002538/miR-138-5p/plasmolipin axis regulates Schwann cell migration and myelination in diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Circular RNAs(circRNAs)play a vital role in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.However,their expression and function in Schwann cells in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy remain poorly understood.Here,we performed protein profiling and circRNA sequencing of sural nerves in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and controls.Protein profiling revealed 265 differentially expressed proteins in the diabetic peripheral neuropathy group.Gene Ontology indicated that differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in myelination and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay performed to validate the circRNA sequencing results yielded 11 differentially expressed circRNAs.circ_0002538 was markedly downregulated in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Further in vitro experiments showed that overexpression of circ_0002538 promoted the migration of Schwann cells by upregulating plasmolipin(PLLP)expression.Moreover,overexpression of circ_0002538 in the sciatic nerve in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy alleviated demyelination and improved sciatic nerve function.The results of a mechanistic experiment showed that circ_0002538 promotes PLLP expression by sponging miR-138-5p,while a lack of circ_0002538 led to a PLLP deficiency that further suppressed Schwann cell migration.These findings suggest that the circ_0002538/miR-138-5p/PLLP axis can promote the migration of Schwann cells in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients,improving myelin sheath structure and nerve function.Thus,this axis is a potential target for therapeutic treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

On four closely related hypotrichous ciliates(Protozoa,Ciliophora,Spirotrichea):molecular characters,interspecific relationships and phylogeny defined with multigene sequence information

In order to clarify the phylogeny and relationships of the most confused hypotrichous ciliates,Holosticha-complex,four closely related holostichids（five populations）,Holosticha bradburyae,H.diademata,Anteholosticha sp.,and A.manca,were compared and analyzed using ITS2 secondary structures,ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and SSrRNA gene sequences.The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of these four species were first sequenced,and they shared sequence identities ranging from 68.0% to 90.1%,while two populations of Anteholosticha sp.differed in three nucleotides（sequence identity 99.8%）.There were several minor differences among ITS2 secondary structures of these species,while two populations of Anteholosticha sp.had the identical secondary structure.Phylogenetic trees inferred from the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences of stichotrichs using multiple algorithms（Neighbor-Joining,Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian） revealed similar topologies.The results show that：（1） Holosticha bradburyae and H.diademata firmly clustered together with strong bootstrap supports,forming a sister clade with Anteholosticha sp.,（2） Anteholosticha appeared to be a paraphyletic assemblage,in which the morphotype A.manca was more closely related to Diaxonella trimarginata than to its congener Anteholosticha sp.Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSrRNA gene and the combined sequences of SSrRNA gene and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region revealed the similar relationships between Holosticha and Anteholosticha,nevertheless their positions within the subclass Stichotrichia differed from each other inferred from different genes.

Isolation of Three Strains of Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J and gp85 Gene Sequence Analysis

[Objective] To isolate three strains of avian leukosis virus subgroup J（ALV -J） , and then amplify and sequence the gp85 gene. [ Method] Three strains of ALV- J were isolated from Hubei Province, which were identified by pathological anatomy, DF- 1 cell culture and RT- PCR. And then they were named HB1002, HB1003 and HB1009, respectively. [ Result] Test sequence analysis showed, the length of gp85 gene was 921 bp, consistent with expect result; the nucleotide homology between the three isolates was in 97.7% -99.7% ,the homology of amino acid was in 95.1% - 99%. The nucleotide homology between HPRS - 103 and the three isolates was in the 94.1% - 94.8% ; and the nucleotide homolo- gy between other ALV -J and the three isolates was in 87.6% -97.3%. The phylogenetic trees analysis showed that the homology of JS09GY6 vi- rus and the three isolates was nearest, in 95.2% -97.3%. [ Conclusion] In the test, the three strains of virus which were isolated were ALV- J.

THE SPACES OF CESRO ALMOST CONVERGENT SEQUENCES AND CORE THEOREMS

As known, the method to obtain a sequence space by using convergence field of an infinite matrix is an old method in the theory of sequence spaces. However, the study of convergence field of an infinite matrix in the space of almost convergent sequences is so new （see [15]）. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the new spaces ^ ～f and fo consisting of all sequences whose Ceshro transforms of order one are in the spaces f and ^ ～ f0, respectively. Also, in this paper, we show that ^ ～f and ^ ～f0 are linearly isomorphic to the spaces f and f0, respectively. The β- and γ-duals of the spaces ^ ～f and 2% are computed. Furthermore, the classes （^ ～f： μ） and （μ ： f） of infinite matrices are characterized for any given sequence space μ, and determined the necessary and sufficient conditions on a matrix A to satisfy Bc-core（Ax） K-core（x）, K-core（Ax） Bg-core（x）, Bc-core（Ax） Be-core（x）, Bc-core（Ax） t-core（x） for all x ∈ t∞.

A Comparative Analysis of the New -3(-n) - 1 Remer Conjecture and a Proof of the 3n + 1 Collatz Conjecture

This scientific paper is a comparative analysis of two mathematical conjectures. The newly proposed -3(-n) - 1 Remer conjecture and how it is related to and a proof of the more well known 3n + 1 Collatz conjecture. An overview of both conjectures and their respective iterative processes will be presented. Showcasing their unique properties and behavior to each other. Through a detailed comparison, we highlight the similarities and differences between these two conjectures and discuss their significance in the field of mathematics. And how they prove each other to be true.

Smarandache Ceil函数的均值

研究了Smarandache Ceil函数的均值性质,并用解析方法得到了该函数关于M次方根数列均值的一个渐近公式,从而揭示了该函数在特殊数列中的均值分布性质.

关于k阶Smarandache ceil函数与ak(n)的渐进公式

利用解析方法来研究k阶Smarandacheceil函数作用在k次方根ak(n)上的均值,从而得出几个有趣的渐进公式.

Smarandache Ceil函数的均值研究

研究了Smarandache Ceil函数的均值性质,并利用初等方法得到了该函数关于k次方幂数列均值的几个渐近公式.

Identification of miR-802-5p and its involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus

MicroRNAs(miRNA)are recently discovered endogenous,small noncoding RNAs(of 22 nucleotides)that play pivotal roles in gene regulation.They are involved in post-transcriptional control of gene expression.miRNAs are emerging as important regulators of cell proliferation,development,cancer formation,stress responses,cell death and physiological conditions.Increasing evidence has demonstrated the human miRNAs bind to their target mRNA sequences with perfect or near-perfect sequence complementarily.This provides a powerful strategy for discovering potential type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)targets and gives the probability to exploit them for diagnostic and therapeutic causes.About 6%of the world population is affected by T2DM,and it is recognized as a global epidemic by the World Health Organization.At present there is no valid biomarker to control or manage T2DM.Therefore,the present study applied a mature sequence of miRNAs from publicly accessible databases to identify the miRNA from T2DM expressed sequence tags,and the results are detailed and discussed below.

A catalog of early-type emission-line stars and Hα line profiles from LAMOST DR2

We present a catalog including 11 204 spectra of 10436 early-type emission-line stars from LAMOST DR2, among which 9752 early-type emission-line spectra are newly discovered. For these early- type emissionqine stars, we discuss the morphological and physical properties of their low-resolution spectra. In this spectral sample, the Hα emission profiles display a wide variety of shapes. Based on the Hα line profiles, these spectra are categorized into five distinct classes： single-peak emission, single-peak emission in absorption, double-peak emission, double-peak emission in absorption, and P-Cygni profiles. To better understand what causes the Hc~ line profiles, we divide these objects into four types from the perspective of physical classification, which include classical Be stars, Herbig Ae/Be stars, close binaries and spectra contaminated by H n regions. The majority of Herbig Ae/Be stars and classical Be stars are identified and separated using a （H-K, K-W1） color-color diagram. We also discuss 31 binary systems that are listed in the SIMBAD on-line catalog and identify 3600 spectra contaminated by HⅡ regions after cross-matching with positions in the Dubout-Crillon catalog. A statistical analysis of line profiles versus classifications is then conducted in order to understand the distribution of Hc~ profiles for each type in our sample. Finally, we also provide a table of 172 spectra with Fen emission lines and roughly calculate stellar wind velocities for seven spectra with P-Cygni profiles.