Coronary stents are metal coils or mesh tubes delivered to blocked vessels through catheters, which are expanded by balloons to reopen and scaffold target vessels. Recently,special drugs are carried by stents (drug-el...Coronary stents are metal coils or mesh tubes delivered to blocked vessels through catheters, which are expanded by balloons to reopen and scaffold target vessels. Recently,special drugs are carried by stents (drug-eluting stents) to further reduce in-stent restenosis rate after stenting procedure. However,continual study on biomechanical characteristics of stents is necessary for better interactions between stents and tissue, or to provide a more suitable drug loading platform for drug-eluting stents. The purpose of this paper is to show how finite element methods can be used to study cell area and strut distribution changes of bent coronary stents. A same bending deformation was applied to two commercial coronary stent models by a rigid curved vessel. Results show that the stent design influenced the changes of cell area and strut distribution under bending situation. The stent with links had more cell area changes at outer curvature, and the stent with peak-peak (><) strut design could have strut contact and overlapping at inner curvature. In conclusion, this finite element method can be used to study and compare cell area and strut distribution changes of bent stents,and to provide a convenient tool for designers in testing and improving biomechanical characteristics of new stents.展开更多
A novel constant interfacial area cell(NCIAC),by spatially separating the agitation from liquid flow circulation of organic and aqueous two phases,was suggested to obtain detailed kinetic data for Er(Ⅲ) extraction fr...A novel constant interfacial area cell(NCIAC),by spatially separating the agitation from liquid flow circulation of organic and aqueous two phases,was suggested to obtain detailed kinetic data for Er(Ⅲ) extraction from chloride medium by 2-ethyl-hexyl-phosphonic acid mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester(EHEHPA).Different from the traditional Lewis cell and the constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow,the concentrations of Er(Ⅲ) in organic and aqueous two phases were uniform,and the stability of the interfacial area between the two phases could be controlled effectively.Therefore,the special requirements for the design of agitators in the traditional Lewis cell and the constant interfacial area cell for minimizing the influence of diffusion resistance could be avoided.Experimental results indicated that the extraction kinetics was mainly affected by the aqueous flow rate,interfacial area between organic and aqueous two phases,and the aqueous p H values.An extraction kinetic equation was suggested based on the experimental data.展开更多
In this work, ZnO nanorod arrays grown by an electrochemical deposition method are investigated. The crucial parameters of length, diameter, and density of the nanorods are optimized over the synthesize process and na...In this work, ZnO nanorod arrays grown by an electrochemical deposition method are investigated. The crucial parameters of length, diameter, and density of the nanorods are optimized over the synthesize process and nanorods growth time. Crystalline structure, morphologies, and optical properties of ZnO nanorod arrays are studied by different techniques such as x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and UV-visible transmission spectra. The ZnO nanorod arrays are employed in an inverted bulk heterojunction organic solar cell of Poly （3-hexylthiophene）：[6- 6] Phenyl-（6） butyric acid methyl ester to introduce more surface contact between the electron transporter layer and the active layer. Our results show that the deposition time is a very important factor to achieve the aligned and uniform ZnO nanorods with suitable surface density which is required for effective infiltration of active area into the ZnO nanorod spacing and make a maximum interfacial surface contact for electron collection, as overgrowing causes nanorods to be too dense and thick and results in high resistance and lower visible light transmittance. By optimizing the thickness of the active layer on top of ZnO nanorods, an improved efficiency of 3.17% with a high FF beyond 60% was achieved.展开更多
To preliminarily determine the appropriate dosage of carboplatin （CBP） at AUC of 5 mg-M1^-1·min^-1 in the combination chemotherapy for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Thirty-f...To preliminarily determine the appropriate dosage of carboplatin （CBP） at AUC of 5 mg-M1^-1·min^-1 in the combination chemotherapy for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Thirty-five Chinese senile patients with NSCLC in advanced stage （Ⅲ/Ⅳ） were given 96 cycles of combination chemotherapy. Chemotherapy schedules included Taxol＋CBP, Gemzar＋CBP and NVB＋CBE The dose of CBP was at 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 of area under the concentration-time curve （AUC）. Side effects and quality of life were observed before and after the chemotherapy. Myelosuppression was severe and commonly observed. Grade 3/4 of granulocytopenia was found in 47.9% （46/96） of the patients and grade 3/4 of thrombocytopenia was noted in 28.1% （27/96） of the subjects. However, other side effects were slight. The mean score of quality of life （QOL）, according to the criteria of QOL for Chinese cancer patients had reduced 6.8. At 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 by AUC, the hematological toxicity of CBP was severe and it had some negative effects on the QOL. The administration of CBP at 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 by AUC may be too high for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer.展开更多
Due to limited availability and the rising price of telluride, the biggest challenge in solar Photo-voltaic (PV) is to successfully design and fabricate optimized CdTe solar cells with reducing the cell thickness that...Due to limited availability and the rising price of telluride, the biggest challenge in solar Photo-voltaic (PV) is to successfully design and fabricate optimized CdTe solar cells with reducing the cell thickness that show simultaneously high efficiency and current density. A novel structure of ultrathin CdTe solar cells is proposed in this paper that focuses on conversion efficiency. This structure achieved by rotating 90o in the base line structure that suggests high efficiency due to the high current density. The result showed a considerable improvement over the 15% efficiency of the reference solar cell. The proposed structure is quite noteworthy in reducing the amount of material used and associated losses. Under global air mass (AM) 1.5 conditions, an open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of 866 mV, a short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) of 74.84 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, and a fill factor (FF) of 48.2% were obtained corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 31.2%.展开更多
In this paper, a new technique using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer has been used to study the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell at outdoor conditions. The electrical...In this paper, a new technique using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer has been used to study the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell at outdoor conditions. The electrical performance is mainly described by measuring both cell short circuit current and open circuit voltage. The measurements of this cell by using multimeters suffer from some problems because the cell has high current intensity with low output voltage. So, the solar cell short circuit current values are obtained by measuring the voltage developed across a known resistance Current Shunt. Samples of the obtained current values are accurately calibrated by using a Micropotentiometer (μpot) thermal element (TE) to validate this new measuring technique. Moreover, the solar cell open circuit voltage has been measured. Besides, the cell output power has been calculated and can be correlated with the measured incident radiation.展开更多
The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shun...The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shunt measuring technique. Therefore, most of the problems encountered with traditional measuring techniques are avoided. The temperature dependency of the current shunt from 5oC up to 50oC has been investigated. Its temperature coefficient proves to be negligible which means that the temperature dependency of the solar cell is completely independent of the current shunt. The solar module installed in a tilted position at the optimum angle of the location, has been tested in two different seasons (winter and summer). The obtained solar cell short circuit current, open circuit voltage and output power are correlated with the measured incident radiation in both seasons and all results are discussed.展开更多
Hair follicle stem cells(HFSCs) normally give rise to keratinocytes, sebocytes, and transient amplifying progenitor cells. Along with the capacity to proliferate rapidly, HFSCs provide the basis for establishing a put...Hair follicle stem cells(HFSCs) normally give rise to keratinocytes, sebocytes, and transient amplifying progenitor cells. Along with the capacity to proliferate rapidly, HFSCs provide the basis for establishing a putative source of stem cells for cell therapy. HFSCs are multipotent stem cells originating from the bulge area. The importance of these cells arises from two important characteristics, distinguishing them from all other adult stem cells. First, they are accessible and proliferate for long periods. Second, they are multipotent, possessing the ability to differentiate into mesodermal and ectodermal cell types. In addition to a developmental capacity in vitro, HFSCs display an ability to form differentiated cells in vivo. During the last two decades, numerous studies have led to the development of an appropriate culture condition for producing various cell lineages from HFSCs. Therefore, these stem cells are considered as a novel source for cell therapy of a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders. This review presents the current status of human, rat, and mouse HFSCs from both the cellular and molecular biology and cell therapy perspectives. The first section of this review highlights the importance of HFSCs and in vitro differentiation, while the final section emphasizes the significance of cell differentiation in vivo.展开更多
Recent morphological studies in schizophrenia suggest atrophic changes in the neuropil of the prefrontal cortex. Most recently, we showed a schizophrenia-associated decrease in MAP2 in schizophrenia, which we believed...Recent morphological studies in schizophrenia suggest atrophic changes in the neuropil of the prefrontal cortex. Most recently, we showed a schizophrenia-associated decrease in MAP2 in schizophrenia, which we believed is not due to neuroleptic exposure. MAP2 is a very important protein in the assembly of micro-tubule in neurons;therefore, it plays a major role in neuronal processes like dendrites, spines and synapses. Additionally, recent studies from our lab showed decreases in dendrites in area 32 and area 9. In this study we examined the dendrites and spines in area 9 and 17 to determine if neuroleptic drugs play a role. Huntington’s patients take neuroleptics similar to schizophrenics;therefore, by comparing the two groups to controls we can determine if neuroleptics play a role in the deficits reported in schizophrenia. Our results showed a significant decrease in both basal dendrites and spines for both layers III and V in area 9 in schizophrenia compared to controls. The Huntington’s brains, on the other hand, showed no significant difference compared to controls. In area 17, there was also no significant difference when comparing the three groups. The data suggest that neuroleptic drugs may not be responsible for the changes observed in schizophrenia.展开更多
This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrog...This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrogen storage and delivery system, the hydrogen leakage alarm system were developed. The real-time distributed control and diagnosis system based on the Time Trigger Controller Area Network (TTCAN) with 10 ms basic control period was developed. The concept and implementation of processor (or controller) monitor and process (or task) monitor technique based on the TTCAN were applied in this paper. The fault tolerant control algorithm of the fuel cell engine and the battery management system were considered. The demonstration experience verified that the fault tolerant control was very important for the fuel cell city bus.展开更多
文摘Coronary stents are metal coils or mesh tubes delivered to blocked vessels through catheters, which are expanded by balloons to reopen and scaffold target vessels. Recently,special drugs are carried by stents (drug-eluting stents) to further reduce in-stent restenosis rate after stenting procedure. However,continual study on biomechanical characteristics of stents is necessary for better interactions between stents and tissue, or to provide a more suitable drug loading platform for drug-eluting stents. The purpose of this paper is to show how finite element methods can be used to study cell area and strut distribution changes of bent coronary stents. A same bending deformation was applied to two commercial coronary stent models by a rigid curved vessel. Results show that the stent design influenced the changes of cell area and strut distribution under bending situation. The stent with links had more cell area changes at outer curvature, and the stent with peak-peak (><) strut design could have strut contact and overlapping at inner curvature. In conclusion, this finite element method can be used to study and compare cell area and strut distribution changes of bent stents,and to provide a convenient tool for designers in testing and improving biomechanical characteristics of new stents.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51574213,51074150)the Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development(2012CBA01203,2013CB632602)
文摘A novel constant interfacial area cell(NCIAC),by spatially separating the agitation from liquid flow circulation of organic and aqueous two phases,was suggested to obtain detailed kinetic data for Er(Ⅲ) extraction from chloride medium by 2-ethyl-hexyl-phosphonic acid mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester(EHEHPA).Different from the traditional Lewis cell and the constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow,the concentrations of Er(Ⅲ) in organic and aqueous two phases were uniform,and the stability of the interfacial area between the two phases could be controlled effectively.Therefore,the special requirements for the design of agitators in the traditional Lewis cell and the constant interfacial area cell for minimizing the influence of diffusion resistance could be avoided.Experimental results indicated that the extraction kinetics was mainly affected by the aqueous flow rate,interfacial area between organic and aqueous two phases,and the aqueous p H values.An extraction kinetic equation was suggested based on the experimental data.
文摘In this work, ZnO nanorod arrays grown by an electrochemical deposition method are investigated. The crucial parameters of length, diameter, and density of the nanorods are optimized over the synthesize process and nanorods growth time. Crystalline structure, morphologies, and optical properties of ZnO nanorod arrays are studied by different techniques such as x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and UV-visible transmission spectra. The ZnO nanorod arrays are employed in an inverted bulk heterojunction organic solar cell of Poly （3-hexylthiophene）：[6- 6] Phenyl-（6） butyric acid methyl ester to introduce more surface contact between the electron transporter layer and the active layer. Our results show that the deposition time is a very important factor to achieve the aligned and uniform ZnO nanorods with suitable surface density which is required for effective infiltration of active area into the ZnO nanorod spacing and make a maximum interfacial surface contact for electron collection, as overgrowing causes nanorods to be too dense and thick and results in high resistance and lower visible light transmittance. By optimizing the thickness of the active layer on top of ZnO nanorods, an improved efficiency of 3.17% with a high FF beyond 60% was achieved.
基金a grant from a key research program of the Education Bureau of Hubei Province (D2006-02-002).
文摘To preliminarily determine the appropriate dosage of carboplatin （CBP） at AUC of 5 mg-M1^-1·min^-1 in the combination chemotherapy for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Thirty-five Chinese senile patients with NSCLC in advanced stage （Ⅲ/Ⅳ） were given 96 cycles of combination chemotherapy. Chemotherapy schedules included Taxol＋CBP, Gemzar＋CBP and NVB＋CBE The dose of CBP was at 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 of area under the concentration-time curve （AUC）. Side effects and quality of life were observed before and after the chemotherapy. Myelosuppression was severe and commonly observed. Grade 3/4 of granulocytopenia was found in 47.9% （46/96） of the patients and grade 3/4 of thrombocytopenia was noted in 28.1% （27/96） of the subjects. However, other side effects were slight. The mean score of quality of life （QOL）, according to the criteria of QOL for Chinese cancer patients had reduced 6.8. At 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 by AUC, the hematological toxicity of CBP was severe and it had some negative effects on the QOL. The administration of CBP at 5 mg.mL^-1·min^-1 by AUC may be too high for Chinese senile patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
文摘Due to limited availability and the rising price of telluride, the biggest challenge in solar Photo-voltaic (PV) is to successfully design and fabricate optimized CdTe solar cells with reducing the cell thickness that show simultaneously high efficiency and current density. A novel structure of ultrathin CdTe solar cells is proposed in this paper that focuses on conversion efficiency. This structure achieved by rotating 90o in the base line structure that suggests high efficiency due to the high current density. The result showed a considerable improvement over the 15% efficiency of the reference solar cell. The proposed structure is quite noteworthy in reducing the amount of material used and associated losses. Under global air mass (AM) 1.5 conditions, an open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of 866 mV, a short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) of 74.84 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, and a fill factor (FF) of 48.2% were obtained corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 31.2%.
文摘In this paper, a new technique using a Current Shunt and a Micropotentiometer has been used to study the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell at outdoor conditions. The electrical performance is mainly described by measuring both cell short circuit current and open circuit voltage. The measurements of this cell by using multimeters suffer from some problems because the cell has high current intensity with low output voltage. So, the solar cell short circuit current values are obtained by measuring the voltage developed across a known resistance Current Shunt. Samples of the obtained current values are accurately calibrated by using a Micropotentiometer (μpot) thermal element (TE) to validate this new measuring technique. Moreover, the solar cell open circuit voltage has been measured. Besides, the cell output power has been calculated and can be correlated with the measured incident radiation.
文摘The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shunt measuring technique. Therefore, most of the problems encountered with traditional measuring techniques are avoided. The temperature dependency of the current shunt from 5oC up to 50oC has been investigated. Its temperature coefficient proves to be negligible which means that the temperature dependency of the solar cell is completely independent of the current shunt. The solar module installed in a tilted position at the optimum angle of the location, has been tested in two different seasons (winter and summer). The obtained solar cell short circuit current, open circuit voltage and output power are correlated with the measured incident radiation in both seasons and all results are discussed.
文摘Hair follicle stem cells(HFSCs) normally give rise to keratinocytes, sebocytes, and transient amplifying progenitor cells. Along with the capacity to proliferate rapidly, HFSCs provide the basis for establishing a putative source of stem cells for cell therapy. HFSCs are multipotent stem cells originating from the bulge area. The importance of these cells arises from two important characteristics, distinguishing them from all other adult stem cells. First, they are accessible and proliferate for long periods. Second, they are multipotent, possessing the ability to differentiate into mesodermal and ectodermal cell types. In addition to a developmental capacity in vitro, HFSCs display an ability to form differentiated cells in vivo. During the last two decades, numerous studies have led to the development of an appropriate culture condition for producing various cell lineages from HFSCs. Therefore, these stem cells are considered as a novel source for cell therapy of a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders. This review presents the current status of human, rat, and mouse HFSCs from both the cellular and molecular biology and cell therapy perspectives. The first section of this review highlights the importance of HFSCs and in vitro differentiation, while the final section emphasizes the significance of cell differentiation in vivo.
文摘Recent morphological studies in schizophrenia suggest atrophic changes in the neuropil of the prefrontal cortex. Most recently, we showed a schizophrenia-associated decrease in MAP2 in schizophrenia, which we believed is not due to neuroleptic exposure. MAP2 is a very important protein in the assembly of micro-tubule in neurons;therefore, it plays a major role in neuronal processes like dendrites, spines and synapses. Additionally, recent studies from our lab showed decreases in dendrites in area 32 and area 9. In this study we examined the dendrites and spines in area 9 and 17 to determine if neuroleptic drugs play a role. Huntington’s patients take neuroleptics similar to schizophrenics;therefore, by comparing the two groups to controls we can determine if neuroleptics play a role in the deficits reported in schizophrenia. Our results showed a significant decrease in both basal dendrites and spines for both layers III and V in area 9 in schizophrenia compared to controls. The Huntington’s brains, on the other hand, showed no significant difference compared to controls. In area 17, there was also no significant difference when comparing the three groups. The data suggest that neuroleptic drugs may not be responsible for the changes observed in schizophrenia.
文摘This paper introduced the design of the hybrid powertrain of the Fuel Cell City Bus demonstrated in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The configuration of the hybrid fuel cell powertrain was introduced. The safety of hydrogen storage and delivery system, the hydrogen leakage alarm system were developed. The real-time distributed control and diagnosis system based on the Time Trigger Controller Area Network (TTCAN) with 10 ms basic control period was developed. The concept and implementation of processor (or controller) monitor and process (or task) monitor technique based on the TTCAN were applied in this paper. The fault tolerant control algorithm of the fuel cell engine and the battery management system were considered. The demonstration experience verified that the fault tolerant control was very important for the fuel cell city bus.
