The hepatitis C virus(HCV),an obligatory intracellular pathogen,highly depends on its host cells to propagate successfully.The HCV life cycle can be simply divided into several stages including viral entry,protein tra...The hepatitis C virus(HCV),an obligatory intracellular pathogen,highly depends on its host cells to propagate successfully.The HCV life cycle can be simply divided into several stages including viral entry,protein translation,RNA replication,viral assembly and release.Hundreds of cellular factors involved in the HCV life cycle have been identified over more than thirty years of research.Characterization of these cellular factors has provided extensive insight into HCV replication strategies.Some of these cellular factors are targets for anti-HCV therapies.In this review,we summarize the well-characterized and recently identified cellular factors functioning at each stage of the HCV life cycle.展开更多
In order to accurately simulate the diffusion of chloride ion in the existing concrete bridge and acquire the precise chloride ion concentration at given time, a cellular automata （CA）-based model is proposed. The p...In order to accurately simulate the diffusion of chloride ion in the existing concrete bridge and acquire the precise chloride ion concentration at given time, a cellular automata （CA）-based model is proposed. The process of chloride ion diffusion is analyzed by the CA-based method and a nonlinear solution of the Fick＇s second law is obtained. Considering the impact of various factors such as stress states, temporal and spatial variability of diffusion parameters and water-cement ratio on the process of chloride ion diffusion, the model of chloride ion diffusion under multi-factor coupling actions is presented. A chloride ion penetrating experiment reported in the literature is used to prove the effectiveness and reasonability of the present method, and a T-type beam is taken as an illustrative example to analyze the process of chloride ion diffusion in practical application. The results indicate that CA-based method can simulate the diffusion of chloride ion in the concrete structures with acceptable precision.展开更多
Since damaged neural circuits are not generally self-recovered, developing methods to stimulate neurogenesis is critically required. Most studies have examined the effects of soluble pharma- cological factors on the c...Since damaged neural circuits are not generally self-recovered, developing methods to stimulate neurogenesis is critically required. Most studies have examined the effects of soluble pharma- cological factors on the cellular neurogenesis. On the other hand, it is now recognized that the other extracellular factors, including material and mechanical cues, also have a strong potential to induce cellular neurogenesis. This article will review recent data on the material （chemical patterning, micro/nano-topography, carbon nanotube, graphene） and mechanical （static cue from substrate stiffness, dynamic cue from stretch and flow shear） stimulations of cellular neuro- genesis. These approaches may provide new neural regenerative medicine protocols. Scaffolding material templates capable of triggering cellular neurogenesis can be explored in the presence of neurogenesis-stimulatory mechanical environments, and also with conventional soluble factors, to enhance axonal growth and neural network formation in neural tissue engineering.展开更多
Corrosion is one of the important structural integrity concerns of aging aircraft, and it is estimated that a significant portion of airframe maintenance budgets is directed towards corrosion-related problems for both...Corrosion is one of the important structural integrity concerns of aging aircraft, and it is estimated that a significant portion of airframe maintenance budgets is directed towards corrosion-related problems for both military and commercial aircraft. In order to better understand how environmental factors influence the corrosion damage initiation and propagation on aircraft structure and to predict pre-corrosion test pieces of fatigue life and structural integrity of an effective approach, this paper uses the cellular automaton (CA) method to character the effect of electrolyte concentrations, dissolution probabilities, and temperature on the corrosion damage of a metal structure exposed to an aggressive environment, and the procedure for applying the local rules between the cells of the CA to simulate the corrosion damage evolution is formulated. The simulation results show that the different electrolyte concentrations, dissolution probabilities and temperature, the laws of the dissolution current with time are investigated and they obey the time power function.展开更多
This study demonstrated that brain areas surrounding the site of hematoma following intracerebral hemorrhage are characterized by significantly increased apoptosis and expression of neurotrophin receptor p75 and sorti...This study demonstrated that brain areas surrounding the site of hematoma following intracerebral hemorrhage are characterized by significantly increased apoptosis and expression of neurotrophin receptor p75 and sortilin. However, as detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and immunohistochemical staining, there was no significant change in nerve growth factor precursor expression levels. The appearance of neurotrophin receptor p75 expressing cells was positively correlated with cells that were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. These findings confirm that the nerve growth factor precursor-neurotrophin receptor p75-sortilin heterotrimeric complex-mediated apoptosis pathway may play an important role in cellular apoptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage.展开更多
[目的]观察玉屏风颗粒联合普米克令舒雾化剂(吸入用布地奈德混悬液)治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)的临床疗效及对细胞免疫因子的影响。[方法]选择2019年9月至2021年9月在浙江省人民医院门诊治疗的CVA患儿150例,随...[目的]观察玉屏风颗粒联合普米克令舒雾化剂(吸入用布地奈德混悬液)治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)的临床疗效及对细胞免疫因子的影响。[方法]选择2019年9月至2021年9月在浙江省人民医院门诊治疗的CVA患儿150例,随机分对照组和观察组各75例。对照组患儿仅接受普米克令舒雾化剂治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上接受玉屏风颗粒联合治疗,每组均治疗2个月。比较治疗前后患儿CVA症状改善状况、肺功能指标、诱导痰中免疫细胞比例及趋化因子水平、骨密度及骨代谢指标、血清免疫球蛋白水平,并随访6个月。[结果]观察组治疗总有效率为95.8%,显著高于对照组的82.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组治疗后第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量的比值(first second forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)、最高呼气流速占预计值的百分比(percentage of maximum expiratory flow rate in the predicted value,PEFpred)均升高(P<0.05),且观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞与中性粒细胞比值(eosinophil/neutrophil,EOS/NE)均降低,血清趋化因子白细胞介素-5(interleukin 5,IL-5)水平显著降低,IL-10水平显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗后观察组优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)水平均降低(P<0.05),IgA和IgG水平均升高(P<0.05),且观察组IgE水平下降较对照组显著(P<0.05)。治疗后对照组患儿骨密度声波速度(speed of sound,SOS)值和血钙(Ca)含量降低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组骨密度SOS值和Ca含量高于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访期间,观察组复发率(5.5%)低于对照组(14.2%),对照组患儿并发症发生率(17.0%)高于观察组(5.5%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]玉屏风颗粒联合普米克令舒雾化剂治疗儿童CVA,可显著提高疗效,改善患儿免疫,降低复发率和并发症风险。展开更多
基金Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan,No.MOST 109-2320-B-320-011-MY3Tzu Chi University of Taiwan,No.TCIRP106001-04Y3 and No.TCIRP106001-02Y3.
文摘The hepatitis C virus(HCV),an obligatory intracellular pathogen,highly depends on its host cells to propagate successfully.The HCV life cycle can be simply divided into several stages including viral entry,protein translation,RNA replication,viral assembly and release.Hundreds of cellular factors involved in the HCV life cycle have been identified over more than thirty years of research.Characterization of these cellular factors has provided extensive insight into HCV replication strategies.Some of these cellular factors are targets for anti-HCV therapies.In this review,we summarize the well-characterized and recently identified cellular factors functioning at each stage of the HCV life cycle.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51178305)Key Projects in the Science & Technology Pillar Program of Tianjin (No.11ZCKFSF00300)
文摘In order to accurately simulate the diffusion of chloride ion in the existing concrete bridge and acquire the precise chloride ion concentration at given time, a cellular automata （CA）-based model is proposed. The process of chloride ion diffusion is analyzed by the CA-based method and a nonlinear solution of the Fick＇s second law is obtained. Considering the impact of various factors such as stress states, temporal and spatial variability of diffusion parameters and water-cement ratio on the process of chloride ion diffusion, the model of chloride ion diffusion under multi-factor coupling actions is presented. A chloride ion penetrating experiment reported in the literature is used to prove the effectiveness and reasonability of the present method, and a T-type beam is taken as an illustrative example to analyze the process of chloride ion diffusion in practical application. The results indicate that CA-based method can simulate the diffusion of chloride ion in the concrete structures with acceptable precision.
基金supported by NE EPSCo R Trans-disciplinary Neuroscience Research Seed GrantNSF CAREER Award 1351570+2 种基金AHA Scientist Development Grant 12SDG12030109Osteology Foundation Grant 12-006Nebraska Research Initiative
文摘Since damaged neural circuits are not generally self-recovered, developing methods to stimulate neurogenesis is critically required. Most studies have examined the effects of soluble pharma- cological factors on the cellular neurogenesis. On the other hand, it is now recognized that the other extracellular factors, including material and mechanical cues, also have a strong potential to induce cellular neurogenesis. This article will review recent data on the material （chemical patterning, micro/nano-topography, carbon nanotube, graphene） and mechanical （static cue from substrate stiffness, dynamic cue from stretch and flow shear） stimulations of cellular neuro- genesis. These approaches may provide new neural regenerative medicine protocols. Scaffolding material templates capable of triggering cellular neurogenesis can be explored in the presence of neurogenesis-stimulatory mechanical environments, and also with conventional soluble factors, to enhance axonal growth and neural network formation in neural tissue engineering.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10962007)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (209136)Ningxia Natural Science Foundation of China (NZ1027)
文摘Corrosion is one of the important structural integrity concerns of aging aircraft, and it is estimated that a significant portion of airframe maintenance budgets is directed towards corrosion-related problems for both military and commercial aircraft. In order to better understand how environmental factors influence the corrosion damage initiation and propagation on aircraft structure and to predict pre-corrosion test pieces of fatigue life and structural integrity of an effective approach, this paper uses the cellular automaton (CA) method to character the effect of electrolyte concentrations, dissolution probabilities, and temperature on the corrosion damage of a metal structure exposed to an aggressive environment, and the procedure for applying the local rules between the cells of the CA to simulate the corrosion damage evolution is formulated. The simulation results show that the different electrolyte concentrations, dissolution probabilities and temperature, the laws of the dissolution current with time are investigated and they obey the time power function.
基金the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province, No. 2007K15-01
文摘This study demonstrated that brain areas surrounding the site of hematoma following intracerebral hemorrhage are characterized by significantly increased apoptosis and expression of neurotrophin receptor p75 and sortilin. However, as detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and immunohistochemical staining, there was no significant change in nerve growth factor precursor expression levels. The appearance of neurotrophin receptor p75 expressing cells was positively correlated with cells that were detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. These findings confirm that the nerve growth factor precursor-neurotrophin receptor p75-sortilin heterotrimeric complex-mediated apoptosis pathway may play an important role in cellular apoptosis following intracerebral hemorrhage.
文摘[目的]观察玉屏风颗粒联合普米克令舒雾化剂(吸入用布地奈德混悬液)治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)的临床疗效及对细胞免疫因子的影响。[方法]选择2019年9月至2021年9月在浙江省人民医院门诊治疗的CVA患儿150例,随机分对照组和观察组各75例。对照组患儿仅接受普米克令舒雾化剂治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上接受玉屏风颗粒联合治疗,每组均治疗2个月。比较治疗前后患儿CVA症状改善状况、肺功能指标、诱导痰中免疫细胞比例及趋化因子水平、骨密度及骨代谢指标、血清免疫球蛋白水平,并随访6个月。[结果]观察组治疗总有效率为95.8%,显著高于对照组的82.8%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组治疗后第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量的比值(first second forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity,FEV1/FVC)、最高呼气流速占预计值的百分比(percentage of maximum expiratory flow rate in the predicted value,PEFpred)均升高(P<0.05),且观察组显著优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞与中性粒细胞比值(eosinophil/neutrophil,EOS/NE)均降低,血清趋化因子白细胞介素-5(interleukin 5,IL-5)水平显著降低,IL-10水平显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗后观察组优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗后免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)水平均降低(P<0.05),IgA和IgG水平均升高(P<0.05),且观察组IgE水平下降较对照组显著(P<0.05)。治疗后对照组患儿骨密度声波速度(speed of sound,SOS)值和血钙(Ca)含量降低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组骨密度SOS值和Ca含量高于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访期间,观察组复发率(5.5%)低于对照组(14.2%),对照组患儿并发症发生率(17.0%)高于观察组(5.5%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。[结论]玉屏风颗粒联合普米克令舒雾化剂治疗儿童CVA,可显著提高疗效,改善患儿免疫,降低复发率和并发症风险。
