The electrical characteristics of cement-based material can be remarkably improved by the addition of short carbon fibers. Carbon fiber reinforced cement composite (CFRC) is an intrinsically smart material that can se...The electrical characteristics of cement-based material can be remarkably improved by the addition of short carbon fibers. Carbon fiber reinforced cement composite (CFRC) is an intrinsically smart material that can sense not only the stress and strain, but also the temperature. In this paper, variations of electrical resistivity with external applied load, and relation of thermoelectric force and temperature were investigated. Test results indicated that the electrical signal is related to the increase in the material volume resistivity during crack generation or propagation and the decrease in the resistivity during crack closure. Moreover, it was found that the fiber addition increased the linearity and reversibility of the Seebeck effect in the cement-based materials. The change of electrical characteristics reflects large amount of information of inner damage and temperature differential of composite, which can be used for stress-strain or thermal self-monitoring by embedding it in the concrete structures.展开更多
Concrete is a continuously evolving material, and even the definition of high-performance concrete has changed over time. In this paper, high-performance characteristics of concrete material are considered to be those...Concrete is a continuously evolving material, and even the definition of high-performance concrete has changed over time. In this paper, high-performance characteristics of concrete material are considered to be those that support the desirable durability, resilience, and sustainability of civil infrastructure that directly impact our quality of life. It is proposed that high-performance material characteristics include tensile ductility, autogenous crack-width control, and material “greenness.” Furthermore, smart functionalities should be aimed at enhancing infrastructure durability, resilience, and sustainability by responding to changes in the surrounding environment of the structure in order to perform desirable functions, thus causing the material to behave in a manner more akin to certain biological materials. Based on recent advances in engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), this paper suggests that concrete embodying such high-performance characteristics and smart multifunctionalities can be designed, and holds the potential to fulfill the expected civil infrastructure needs of the 21st century. Highlights of relevant properties of ECCs are provided, and directions for necessary future research are indicated.展开更多
This research presents a finite element formulation based on four-variable refined plate theory for bending analysis of cross-ply and angle-ply laminated composite plates integrated with a piezoelectric fiber-reinforc...This research presents a finite element formulation based on four-variable refined plate theory for bending analysis of cross-ply and angle-ply laminated composite plates integrated with a piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite actuator under electromechanical loading. The four-variable refined plate theory is a simple and efficient higher-order shear deformation theory, which predicts parabolic variation of transverse shear stresses across the plate thickness and satisfies zero traction conditions on the plate free surfaces. The weak form of governing equations is derived using the principle of minimum potential energy, and a 4-node non-conforming rectangular plate element with 8 degrees of freedom per node is introduced for discretizing the domain. Several benchmark problems are solved by the developed MATLAB code and the obtained results are compared with those from exact and other numerical solutions, showing good agreement.展开更多
This article presents a type of plate Finite Element(FE)models with adaptive mathematical refinement capabilities for modeling laminated smart structures with piezoelectric layers or distributed patches.The p-version ...This article presents a type of plate Finite Element(FE)models with adaptive mathematical refinement capabilities for modeling laminated smart structures with piezoelectric layers or distributed patches.The p-version shape functions are used in combination with the higher-order Layer-Wise(LW)kinematics adopting hierarchical Legendre polynomials.Node-Dependent Kinematics(NDK)is employed to implement local LW models in the regions with piezoelectric components and simulate the global substrate structure with the Equivalent Single-Layer(ESL)approach.Through the proposed NDK FE models,the electro-mechanical behavior of smart structures can be predicted with high fidelity and numerical efficiency,and various patch configurations can be conveniently modeled through one set of mesh grids.Moreover,the effectiveness and efficiency of the NDK FE approach are assessed through numerical examples and its application is demonstrated.展开更多
基金This work was supported by NSFC(No.59908007)a foundation for phosphor plan from the Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality(No.01QE14052)The financial support from the Foundation for the University Key Studies of Shanghai was also gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The electrical characteristics of cement-based material can be remarkably improved by the addition of short carbon fibers. Carbon fiber reinforced cement composite (CFRC) is an intrinsically smart material that can sense not only the stress and strain, but also the temperature. In this paper, variations of electrical resistivity with external applied load, and relation of thermoelectric force and temperature were investigated. Test results indicated that the electrical signal is related to the increase in the material volume resistivity during crack generation or propagation and the decrease in the resistivity during crack closure. Moreover, it was found that the fiber addition increased the linearity and reversibility of the Seebeck effect in the cement-based materials. The change of electrical characteristics reflects large amount of information of inner damage and temperature differential of composite, which can be used for stress-strain or thermal self-monitoring by embedding it in the concrete structures.
基金supported by a grant from the CMMI program at the United States National Science Foundation(1634694).
文摘Concrete is a continuously evolving material, and even the definition of high-performance concrete has changed over time. In this paper, high-performance characteristics of concrete material are considered to be those that support the desirable durability, resilience, and sustainability of civil infrastructure that directly impact our quality of life. It is proposed that high-performance material characteristics include tensile ductility, autogenous crack-width control, and material “greenness.” Furthermore, smart functionalities should be aimed at enhancing infrastructure durability, resilience, and sustainability by responding to changes in the surrounding environment of the structure in order to perform desirable functions, thus causing the material to behave in a manner more akin to certain biological materials. Based on recent advances in engineered cementitious composites (ECCs), this paper suggests that concrete embodying such high-performance characteristics and smart multifunctionalities can be designed, and holds the potential to fulfill the expected civil infrastructure needs of the 21st century. Highlights of relevant properties of ECCs are provided, and directions for necessary future research are indicated.
文摘This research presents a finite element formulation based on four-variable refined plate theory for bending analysis of cross-ply and angle-ply laminated composite plates integrated with a piezoelectric fiber-reinforced composite actuator under electromechanical loading. The four-variable refined plate theory is a simple and efficient higher-order shear deformation theory, which predicts parabolic variation of transverse shear stresses across the plate thickness and satisfies zero traction conditions on the plate free surfaces. The weak form of governing equations is derived using the principle of minimum potential energy, and a 4-node non-conforming rectangular plate element with 8 degrees of freedom per node is introduced for discretizing the domain. Several benchmark problems are solved by the developed MATLAB code and the obtained results are compared with those from exact and other numerical solutions, showing good agreement.
基金carried out within the project FULLCOMP(Fully analysis,design,manufacturing,and health monitoring of Composite structures),funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska Curie Grant Agreement(No.642121)the Russian Science Foundation(No.18-19-00092)the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52005451)。
文摘This article presents a type of plate Finite Element(FE)models with adaptive mathematical refinement capabilities for modeling laminated smart structures with piezoelectric layers or distributed patches.The p-version shape functions are used in combination with the higher-order Layer-Wise(LW)kinematics adopting hierarchical Legendre polynomials.Node-Dependent Kinematics(NDK)is employed to implement local LW models in the regions with piezoelectric components and simulate the global substrate structure with the Equivalent Single-Layer(ESL)approach.Through the proposed NDK FE models,the electro-mechanical behavior of smart structures can be predicted with high fidelity and numerical efficiency,and various patch configurations can be conveniently modeled through one set of mesh grids.Moreover,the effectiveness and efficiency of the NDK FE approach are assessed through numerical examples and its application is demonstrated.
基金Project(51072235) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11JJ1008) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China+2 种基金Project(20110162110044) supported by the PhD Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of ChinaProject(7433001207) supported by Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,ChinaProject(2001JF3215) supported by Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan,China