Intelligent direct analysis of physical and mechanical parameters of tunnel surrounding rock based on adaptive immunity algorithm and BP neural network

Because of complexity and non-predictability of the tunnel surrounding rock, the problem with the determination of the physical and mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock has become a main obstacle to theoretical research and numerical analysis in tunnel engineering. During design, it is a frequent practice, therefore, to give recommended values by analog based on experience. It is a key point in current research to make use of the displacement back analytic method to comparatively accurately determine the parameters of the surrounding rock whereas artificial intelligence possesses an exceptionally strong capability of identifying, expressing and coping with such complex non-linear relationships. The parameters can be verified by searching the optimal network structure, using back analysis on measured data to search optimal parameters and performing direct computation of the obtained results. In the current paper, the direct analysis is performed with the biological emulation system and the software of Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC3D. The high non-linearity, network reasoning and coupling ability of the neural network are employed. The output vector required of the training of the neural network is obtained with the numerical analysis software. And the overall space search is conducted by employing the Adaptive Immunity Algorithm. As a result, we are able to avoid the shortcoming that multiple parameters and optimized parameters are easy to fall into a local extremum. At the same time, the computing speed and efficiency are increased as well. Further, in the paper satisfactory conclusions are arrived at through the intelligent direct-back analysis on the monitored and measured data at the Erdaoya tunneling project. The results show that the physical and mechanical parameters obtained by the intelligent direct-back analysis proposed in the current paper have effectively improved the recommended values in the original prospecting data. This is of practical significance to the appraisal of stability and informationization design of the surrounding rock.

Fault detection and diagnosis of permanent-magnetic DC motors based on current analysis and BP neural networks

In order to guarantee quality during mass serial production of motors, a convenient approach on how to detect and diagnose the faults of a permanent-magnetic DC motor based on armature current analysis and BP neural networks was presented in this paper. The fault feature vector was directly established by analyzing the armature current. Fault features were extracted from the current using various signal processing methods including Fourier analysis, wavelet analysis and statistical methods. Then an advanced BP neural network was used to finish decision-making and separate fault patterns. Finally, the accuracy of the method in this paper was verified by analyzing the mechanism of faults theoretically. The consistency between the experimental results and the theoretical analysis shows that four kinds of representative faults of low power permanent-magnetic DC motors can be diagnosed conveniently by this method. These four faults are brush fray, open circuit of components, open weld of components and short circuit between armature coils. This method needs fewer hardware instruments than the conventional method and whole procedures can be accomplished by several software packages developed in this paper.

Analysis and Prediction of Regional Electricity Consumption Based on BP Neural Network

Electricity consumption forecasting is one of the most important tasks for power system workers,and plays an important role in regional power systems.Due to the difference in the trend of power load and the past in the new normal,the influencing factors are more diversified,which makes it more difficult to predict the current electricity consumption.In this paper,the grey system theory and BP neural network are combined to predict the annual electricity consumption in Jiangsu.According to the historical data of annual electricity consumption and the six factors affecting electricity consumption,the gray correlation analysis method is used to screen the important factors,and three factors with large correlation degree are selected as the input parameters of BP neural network.The power forecasting model uses nearly 18 years of data to train and validate the model.The results show that the gray correlation analysis and BP neural network method have higher accuracy in power consumption prediction,and the calculation is more convenient than traditional methods.

A quantitative BP neural network analysis of the relationships between ΣREE content and impact factors in the Beibu Gulf

The distribution characteristics of rare earth elements （REE） in bottomsediments are influenced by many factors. Hence, conducting a quantitative analysis isdifficult. A qualitative analysis of the relationships between ΣREE content andprovenance, hydrodynamics, grain size and mineral distribution in the Beibu Gulf showsthat terrestrial rocks control the ΣREE composition. Both weaker hydrodynamics andfiner grain size lead to a higher ΣREE content. Relative curves revealing therelationships between individual impact factors and ΣREE content were obtained fromthe combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses of the BP neural network,which trained the position of samples, gravel content, sand content, silt content, claycontent and clay mineral content. The results are consistent with those of thequantitative analysis. The self-learning algorithm is automatically determined andcalculated quantitatively. The impact of each factor on REEs and how each factorcontrols the ΣREE distribution is identified. Thus, environmental changes and thegeological evolution of the region can be inferred based on curve variation and the geological evolution of the region can be inferred based on curve variation and theactual situation. This method also provides useful theoretical guidance for the analysisof REE enrichment and dispersion.

The application of the BP neural network in the housing demand model

Real estate is the ＂barometer＂ of the national economy, this paper studies the formation of the current domestic real estate prices and the inner mechanism of the influence factors, using the principal component analysis to determine the composition of the real estate market development index model, and the BP neural network model is established, with specific data analysis which verifies the correctness and practicability of the model.

Study on the Classification of Pulse Signal Based on the BP Neural Network

The objectification of the pulse signal analysis is a practical problem. The classification of the pulse signal is studied based on the BP neural network. It is first analyzed how to select the characteristic factors of the pulse signal. Then the method of nondimensionalization/normalization on the pulse signal is presented to preprocess the characteristic factors. The classification of the pulse signal and the effects of the selection of characteristic factors are studied by using the normalized data and BP neural network. It is shown that nondimensionalization/normalization of the data is in favor of the training and forecasting of the network. The selection of characteristic factors affects the accuracy of forecasting obviously. The results of forecasting by selection of 8, 6 and 4 factors respectively show that the less the factors are, the worse the effects are.

Research on Global Higher Education Quality Based on BP Neural Network and Analytic Hierarchy Process

Having a universal, fair, democratic and practical higher education system plays a particularly important role in the future development of the country. However, the higher education system in various countries is uneven. It is of great significance to establish a general evaluation system for the development of global education. In this paper, 23 indicators are preliminarily selected from the education data of Universitas 21 and Global Statistical Yearbook. After the gray correlation analysis, 12 indicators were selected. On the one hand, principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimension of these 12 indicators in 50 countries, and the first four principal components with cumulative contribution rate of 99% are finally selected as the input parameters of BP neural network. On the other hand, 12 indicators are divided into four aspects as the standard of scheme decision-making. Finally, a higher education quality evaluation and decision-making model based on BP neural network and analytic hierarchy process are established. Then eight countries are selected to use the model to evaluate their current higher education quality. Based on the input and evaluation results of the four aspects of higher education in various countries, the analytic hierarchy process is used to make program decision, and several improvement suggestions are put forward for the current education policies of various countries.

AGGREGATE VOLUMETRIC ESTIMATION BASED ON PCA AND MOMENTUM-ENHANCED BP NEURAL NETWORK

This paper proposes a Back Propagation (BP) neural network with momentum enhancement aiming to achieving the smooth convergence for aggregate volumetric estimation purpose. Network inputs are first selected by optically measuring the eight geometry-related parameters from the given particle image. To simplify the network structure, principal component analysis technique is applied to reduce the input dimension. The specific network structure is finalized based on both empirical expertise and analysis on selecting the appropriate number of neurons in hidden layer. The network is trained using the finite number of randomly-picked particles. The training and test results suggest that, compared to the generic BP network, the training duration of the proposed neural network is greatly attenuated, the complexity of the network structure is largely reduced, and the estimation precision is within 2%, being sufficiently up to technical satisfaction.

A genetic-algorithm-based neural network approach for EDXRF analysis

In energy dispersive X-ray fiuorescence(EDXRF), quantitative elemental content analysis becomes difficult due to the existence of the noise, the spectrum peak superposition, element matrix effect, etc. In this paper, a hybrid approach of genetic algorithm(GA) and back propagation(BP) neural network is proposed without considering the complex relationship between the elemental content and peak intensity. The aim of GA-optimized BP is to get better network initial weights and thresholds. The starting point of this approach is that the reciprocal of the mean square error of the initialization BP neural network is set as the fitness value of the individuals in GA; and the initial weights and thresholds are replaced by individuals, then the optimal individual is searched by selecting, crossover and mutation operations, finally a new BP neural network model is established with the optimal initial weights and thresholds. The quantitative analysis results of titanium and iron contents in five types of mineral samples show that the relative errors of 76.7% samples are below 2%, compared to chemical analysis data, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

交通荷载下煤矸石路基填料累积变形PSO-BP神经网络预测模型

基于煤矸石路基填料大型动三轴试验结果,采用灰色关联分析法分析累积变形影响因子,确定了围压、压实度、级配参数、循环荷载振动次数4个特征参数。引入PSO算法对BP神经网络的权重、阈值进行全局寻优并赋值,提出了一种煤矸石路基填料累积变形PSO-BP神经网络预测模型。与传统BP神经网络模型对比结果验证了该预测模型的可行性和优越性,并通过不同学习程度下模型的预测效果分析了模型的泛化能力,证明了模型的预测潜力。

基于改进BP神经网络的河北省碳排放预测

“双碳”目标背景下,针对河北省高碳经济发展模式难以改变、以往预测模型难以满足现实需求等问题。论文根据统计年鉴数据,研究河北省能源消费趋势和分行业碳排放特征,并借助脱钩指数探究河北省碳排放动态变化趋势,选取IPCC二氧化碳排放的计算方法,基于6项碳排放量影响因素建立遗传算法(GA)优化BP神经网络的河北省碳排放模型,对河北省2021—2030年碳排放量进行仿真预测。结果显示:河北省能源效率低于全国水平,河北省工业碳排放量最高;河北省的经济增长与碳排放之间主要呈弱脱钩态势;GA-BP模型预测结果比BP模型更加稳定,误差较小,更适合用于碳排放量的预测。预测结果显示,河北省未来碳排放量呈缓慢增长趋势,以期为政府决策提供理论依据,助力河北省“双碳”目标的实现。

基于BP神经网络的UHPC直剪承载力预测模型

为提供准确的UHPC直剪承载力,以指导UHPC结构设计,建立一种基于BP神经网络的UHPC直剪承载力预测模型。该方法基于机器学习中的反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN),搜集现有相关试验数据并建立数据库,将混凝土抗压强度、受剪面积、纤维特征参数、钢筋参数和侧向约束应力指定为输入特征参数,将直剪承载力指定为输出量,利用数据库对BP-ANN模型进行训练。将模型预测值与试验实测值和现有计算模型的结果进行对比,并采用SHAP算法对各参数重要性进行分析。结果表明:BP-ANN模型具有更好的预测效果,其相关系数R2达到0.953,平均绝对误差MAE为1.015,模型训练结果理想,可应用于实际的数据处理分析;侧向约束应力对直剪承载力的影响最大,钢筋参数影响最小。

基于PCA-BP神经网络的巷道通风摩擦阻力系数预测模型

根据实测巷道通风摩擦阻力系数数据的特点,建立了主成分分析PCA-BP神经网络预测模型。采用PCA法对影响巷道通风摩擦阻力系数的支护类型、断面形状、巷道宽、巷道高、支护部分周边长、巷道断面积和巷道长度7个因素进行降维。将降维后因素的贡献率进行排序筛选,得到3个主成分指标(F_(1)、F_(2)和F_(3)),作为BP神经网络输入层的神经元。利用实测数据对PCA-BP神经网络模型进行训练和测试,并将测试结果与支持向量机回归(SVM)模型和BP神经网络模型的测试结果进行对比,结果显示:全因素的BP神经网络预测模型和SVM预测模型的平均精度分别为92.9420%、93.0235%,而PCA-BP预测模型的平均精度达到了96.4325%。PCA-BP神经网络模型不但简化了网络结构,更提高了网络的泛化能力,使预测误差更小、精度更高,为更准确地获得巷道通风摩擦阻力系数提供了一种有效的方法。

考虑舆情风险的商业银行风险评估研究--基于文本分析、因子分析和BP神经网络

近年来风险事件频发导致大众恐慌情绪上升,商业银行面临包括舆情风险在内的各种风险。构建考虑舆情的商业银行风险预警指标体系,以2012-2022年15家商业银行为研究样本,通过文本分析构建舆情指数,因子分析法构造风险指数。建立28×55×1的BP神经网络模型,通过弹性分析评估风险指数对每个评价指标的敏感性。研究发现,国有大型银行在风险评价中处于优势地位;BP神经网络可以很好地进行风险拟合;A41舆情指数引起风险指数变动的敏感性强。应加强舆情风险管理,建立多层次系统性商业银行风险预警指标体系,结合机器学习在内的多种分析方法加强风险评估水平。

基于相关性分析和SSA-BP神经网络的铝合金电阻点焊质量预测

基于电阻点焊过程中工艺信号特征,在不同间距、不同间隙和不同间距与间隙3种条件下,引入相关性分析方法分析工艺信号与熔核直径之间的相关性,并建立基于麻雀搜索算法-BP神经网络(sparrow search algorithmback propagation neural network,SSA-BP)的电阻点焊质量预测模型,将功率、焊接电流、焊接电压和动态电阻作为预测模型输入特征.结果表明,经麻雀搜索算法优化后的BP神经网络在测试集上的决定系数R2、均方误差(meansquare error,MSE)、均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)和平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)分别为0.95,1.55,1.24和0.90,均优于BP模型.获得了功率、焊接电流、焊接电压和动态电阻与熔核直径的映射关系,可为焊接的工艺参数设计提供依据.

基于5参数GA-BP模型的出水水质预测——以宁夏某水厂为例

为解决饮用水处理过程中关键水质参数浊度取样检测时滞性大和精度低的问题,提出了基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络(GA-BP)的出水浊度预测模型。利用2019—2021年银川市某水厂的实测出水浊度及相关水质数据,采用灰色关联度分析对影响出水浊度的输入指标进行筛选,结合Q型聚类分析将样本数据划分为具有不同特征的3类,构建了基于GA-BP神经网络的机器学习模型对出水浊度进行预测,并与传统BP和未分类的预测结果进行对比。结果表明:与未分类相比,利用Q型聚类分析后预测模型的误差评价指标决定系数(R2)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别优化了2.9%和22%;与传统BP神经网络相比,经遗传算法优化后的预测模型误差评价指标R2和RMSE分别优化了2.4%和12%。研究表明,Q型聚类分析和遗传算法均能提高BP神经网络预测模型的泛化能力,减小误差。

基于回归分析和GA-BP神经网络算法的3D打印件弯曲性能预测

为进一步探究熔融沉积成型(FDM)3D打印参数和制件弯曲性能之间的关系,创建合理的FDM 3D打印制件弯曲强度预测模型。根据正交试验L_(16)(4^(5))的设计原则和神经网络算法模型的构建要求,按照不同分层高度、填充密度、打印温度、打印速度以及外壳厚度五种因素,制备25组试验试样,并进行弯曲性能检测。随后通过建立GA-BP神经网络模型、传统BP神经网络模型以及多元回归方程模型,分别对FDM 3D打印制件弯曲性能进行预测,并将预测数据与试验测试数据进行对比。通过对比发现,GA-BP神经网络模型预测数据与试验测试数据更为接近,其平均误差为3.71%,且误差值整体波动最小,BP神经网络模型与多元回归方程模型预测精度相差不大,BP神经网络模型预测平均误差为8.05%,多元回归方程模型预测平均误差为9.07%,但多元回归方程误差值整体波动最大。因此,采用GA遗传算法优化后的BP神经网络模型在进行FDM 3D打印制件弯曲性能预测方面具有更高的精度和更良好的稳定性。

地表沉陷预测的改进BP神经网络模型

为了更加准确地预测地表沉陷变形,基于Adaboost算法采用多网络共同计算策略改进了BP神经网络,通过实际沉降数据对Adaboost算法改进后的神经网络进行训练,预测地表最大下沉量、影响角正切和拐点偏移距,将预测的3个参数代入概率积分法中,建立了地表沉陷公式,对改进效果和地表沉陷公式分别进行了验证。结果表明:(1)通过对比改进前后BP神经网络的计算精度,未经过Adaboost算法改进的BP神经网络误差明显大于改进后的BP神经网络,说明基于Adaboost修正后的BP神经网络计算精度得到了有效提升;(2)基于BP神经网络对最大下沉量、影响角正切和拐点偏移距3个参数进行预测,结合概率分析法,能够实现稳沉后采空区主断面上方地表沉降规律的准确描述。以鲁西南地区某矿3301采空区地表为例,利用改进BP神经网络预测了地表最大下沉量、影响角正切和拐点偏移距,进而给出了地表沉陷曲线,与现场实测结果对比显示:改进BP神经网络的最大误差小于0.105 m,最大相对误差为4.3%,证明了所提计算方法的可靠性。

基于GA-BP-Garson模型的市政污泥干燥过程含水率预测

市政污泥干燥过程中内部水分检测困难,为准确预测市政污泥热风干燥过程中内部水分的变化规律,将干燥时间、干燥温度、泥层厚度、流量压差作为输入变量,含水率作为输出变量,采用BP神经网络以及GA-BP神经网络分别建立市政污泥热风干燥过程的水分预测模型;对GA-BP神经网络进行敏感性分析,研究了4个输入变量对预测结果的影响。结果表明,BP和GA-BP 2种水分预测模型测试集的决定系数(R^(2))分别为0.99955和0.99964,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.51317和0.45523,即GA-BP预测模型的预测效果更佳,能更准确地预测市政污泥干燥过程中含水率的动态变化。敏感性分析表明,干燥时间对GA-BP含水率预测模型的影响最为显著。研究结果可为污泥干燥工艺和过程的优化提供理论依据,为污泥资源化利用提供参考。

基于GA-BP神经网络的微磨具磨损预测研究

为提高硬脆材料微结构的加工效率和精度,需要预测微磨具的不确定性磨损。基于微磨具在位视觉磨损检测和聚类分析,提出基于遗传算法的反向神经网络(genetic algorithm back propagation,GA-BP)模型。选取微磨具磨头截面面积损失量为指标,以表征微磨具不确定性磨损特征。利用K-均值聚类算法划分微磨具磨损状态阶段。最后构建以主轴转速、进给率、微槽深度、磨削长度和微磨具初始截面面积为输入层神经元,以磨头截面面积损失量预测值为输出层的GA-BP神经网络模型。设计不同工艺参数条件下的单晶硅微槽微细磨削实验,基于自搭建的机器视觉系统在位测量微磨具的磨头截面面积磨损量。将实验测得的微磨具磨损量作为训练数据,与传统高斯过程回归预测模型对比,验证GA-BP神经网络模型的有效性和准确性。结果表明,GA-BP神经网络模型能够实现不同工艺参数和不同磨削长度下的微磨具磨损预测,比传统高斯过程回归预测模型具有更高预测精度,平均误差精度达到5%,可以实现微磨具磨损阶段状态预测。