Petrogenesis of carbonatitic lamproitic dykes from Sidhi gneissic complex,Central India

Petrographic, mineral chemical and whole-rock geochemical characteristics of two newly discovered lamproitic dykes(Dyke 1 and Dyke 2) from the Sidhi Gneissic Complex(SGC), Central India are presented here. Both these dykes have almost similar sequence of mineral-textural patterns indicative of:(1) an early cumulate forming event in a deeper magma chamber where megacrystic/large size phenocrysts of phlogopites have crystallized along with subordinate amount of olivine and clinopyroxene;(2) crystallization at shallow crustal levels promoted fine-grained phlogopite, K-feldspar, calcite and Fe-Ti oxides in the groundmass;(3) dyke emplacement related quench texture(plumose K-feldspar, acicular phlogopites) and finally(4) post emplacement autometasomatism by hydrothermal fluids which percolated as micro-veins and altered the mafic phases. Phlogopite phenocrysts often display resorption textures together with growth zoning indicating that during their crystallization equilibrium at the crystal-melt interface fluctuated multiple times probably due to incremental addition or chaotic dynamic self mixing of the lamproitic magma. Carbonate aggregates as late stage melt segregation are common in both these dykes, however their micro-xenolithic forms suggest that assimilation with a plutonic carbonatite body also played a key role in enhancing the carbonatitic nature of these dykes. Geochemically both dykes are ultrapotassic(K_2 O/Na_2 O: 3.0-9.4) with low CaO, Al_2 O_3 and Na_2 O content and high SiO_2(53.3-55.6 wt.%)and K_2 O/Al_2 O_3 ratio(0.51-0.89) characterizing them as high-silica lamproites. Inspite of these similarities, many other features indicate that both these dykes have evolved independently from two distinct magmas. In dyke 1, phlogopite composition has evolved towards the minette trend(Al-enrichment) from a differentiated parental magma having low MgO, Ni and Cr content; whereas in dyke 2, phlogopite composition shows an evolutionary affinity towards the lamproite trend(Al-depletion) and crystallized from a more primitive magma having high MgO, Ni and Cr content. Whole-rock trace-elements signatures like enriched LREE, LILE, negative Nb-Ta and positive Pb anomalies; high Rb/Sr, Th/La, Ba/Nb, and low Ba/Rb, Sm/La, Nb/U ratios in both dykes indicate that their pareintal magmas were sourced from a subduction modified garnet facies mantle containing phlogopite. From various evidences it is proposed that the petrogenesis of studied lamproitic dykes stand out to be an example for the lamproite magma which attained a carbonatitic character and undergone diverse chemical evolution in response to parental melt composition, storage at deep crustal level and autometasomatism.

Centrality measure of complex networks based on resource flow

A new centrality measure for complex networks, called resource flow centrality, is pro- posed in this paper. This centrality measure is based on the concept of the resource flow in net- works. It not only can be applied to the connected networks, but also the disconnected networks. Moreover, it overcomes some disadvantages of several common centrality measures. The perform- ance of the proposed measure is compared with some standard centrality measures using a classic dataset and the results indicate the proposed measure performs more reasonably. The statistical dis- tribution of the proposed centrality is investigated by experiments on large scale computer generated graphs and two networks from the real world.

Petrology and geochemical characteristics of Precambrian granitic basement complex rocks in the southernmost part of North-Central Nigeria

The Precambrian basement complex in the southernmost part of North-Central Nigeria is underlain by migmatitic banded gneisses, granitic intrusions and dykes of dolerite, rhyolite porphyry and pegmatite. The rocks are generally felsic, containing modal and normative hypersthene, as well as normative corundum. The basement complex has experienced high-grade regional metamorphism as indicated by the presence of hypersthene and plagioclase of andesine composition. Anatectic melting is suggested by the occurrence of ptygmatic folds, folded gneissose foliation, numerous quartzo-feldspathic veins and lenses of dark-colured, micaceous schistose rocks. Geochemically, the rocks have magnesian, calc-alkalic and strongly peraluminous characteristics. Their overall characteristics suggest derivation from progressive (fractional) partial melting of pelitic rocks during high-grade regional metamorphism, possibly associated with intense hydrothermal activities. The magnesian characteristics reflect close affinity to relatively hydrous, oxidizing melts and source regions in settings broadly related to subduction.

Dating for Jifanggou metamorphic complex in central Jilin and its tectonic implications

Based on the results of four regional geological surveys of 1: 50000 including Shulan County map in Jilin,taking Shulan area as the study area,the authors re-delineated the rock type assemblages,e.g. metamorphic rhyolite,metamorphic tuffaceous breccia lava,sericite-quartz schist and tremolite altered rock,etc.,and the structural contacts between them. With the help of in-situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating for zircons,it is concluded that the zircon crystallization ages of the metamorphic rhyolite,the metamorphic andesitic tuff breccia lava and the tremolite altered rock are 339. 1 ± 1. 3 Ma( n = 27,MSWD = 0. 78),351. 8 ± 1. 7 Ma( n = 21,MSWD = 0.82),and 362.0±1.8 Ma( n = 43,MSWD = 2.2) respectively. The metamorphic complex is actually a set of tectonic melange which comprises the rocks in different types,sources,times,or tectonic settings,and was formed by tectonism.

Liaoning Central Part Cities Complex Attracts Foreign Capital with Its Preferential Policy

In the economic field, along the Yalu River, there are one economic and technological development zone, two new and high-tech development zones, one industrial processing zone and one border trade zone, all approved by the state, and seven other development zones that

基于拓扑复杂程度的实际供热管网建模方法研究与分析

提出了按照管网拓扑复杂程度建立水力工况仿真模型的思路,以及结合流量方向和最小闭合差判断环网水力交汇位置的方法。以某市区集中供热管网为研究对象,根据3种复杂程度建立管网水力工况仿真模型,并取3种工况验证分析。结果表明,该方法能准确判断环网水力交汇位置,每一级的模型仿真压力与实际值的最大相对误差的绝对值均低于10%,且管网拓扑结构复杂程度越高,模型模拟误差越小,建模成本越高。

成渝机场群航线网络有向加权结构特征分析

成渝机场群是成渝地区双城经济圈建设的重大战略部署,为探索成渝机场群航线网络拓扑结构的复杂性,运用复杂网络理论构建有向加权航线网络模型,计算其航线网络基本统计指标、中心性指标以及网络效率并对其网络结构进行分析研究。结果表明成渝机场群具有明显的小世界特性;天府与江北机场为机场群实际枢纽,但航线同质化竞争严重,航点重合度较高问题较为严重;各支线机场虽具备一定缓解枢纽压力但层次结构不清晰及发展滞缓;枢纽与非枢纽间联系不紧密、中心化程度低;达州与巫山机场可分别作为枢纽的紧密次枢纽机场进行发展;当网络收到攻击时网络效率低下,并提出参考建议。

星点设计优化人参叶多糖的超声辅助提取

为建立一种分离人参叶多糖的绿色高效工艺,本试验利用超声辅助水提取人参叶多糖,采用响应面的星点设计(CCD)优化多糖提取产率,利用乙醇沉淀分离出多糖提取物,并检测分析产物中的多糖与半乳糖醛酸含量。结果表明:CCD优化的工艺条件为液料比21.28 mL/g,超声时间58.33 min,超声功率456.67 W,此条件下人参叶多糖提取产率的预测值为2.07%。;在液料比21 mL/g,超声时间60 min,超声功率450 W即修订后的优化参数下,人参叶多糖提取产率为1.95%;提取产物中多糖含量为20.03%,半乳糖醛酸含量为13.79%。该工艺高效节能,可作为人参叶多糖高效分离的方法。

基于复杂网络的长江经济带航空网络结构分析

为了科学优化长江经济带航空网络,运用复杂网络理论,构建长江经济带航空网络,衡量网络的总体结构和节点结构特征并进行关联性分析.结果表明:长江经济带航空网络总体结构呈现“小世界网络”特点并具有无标度特性;上海、昆明、重庆、贵阳、成都、温州、杭州、南京、长沙、武汉在网络中具有较高的节点中心性和中介中心性;度度相关和簇度相关均呈现异配性,“轴-幅”式网络结构尚未完全形成.

基于节点链接重要性的社区方法研究

关于社区结构较为常见的一种描述是关于强弱社区的阐述,一条边由2个节点构成,此2个节点对这条边有直接影响,是通过此2个节点的邻接点数目直接影响。除此之外,其间接关联性是通过此2个节点的公共邻居节点对网络其余部分的间接影响。文章从这2个方面考虑,得到一种新的社区发现算法。文章采用10个社区结构清晰度不同的人工生成网络数据集,通过与几种社区发现算法进行对比实验。实验证明,从几种不同的评价指标角度而言,文章研究算法在社区结构清晰度不同的人工生成网络数据集上都有较好的结果。

利用Betweenness Centrality计算网络流量矩阵的新算法

引入Betweenness Centrality中间度核心性作为候选快照的选择指标,特别是以其中的GBC群组中间度核心性作为考量多链路权重改变时各链路的选取问题,实验结果表明,BC的引入加快了秩的提高,而GBC可以衡量群组大小不同时会对原系统产生影响的程度;同时指出将GBC作为唯一指标在实际操作层面存在问题,需要综合考虑其他因素。最后提出将来结合序列RBC与GBC进行计算的研究方向。

基于节点中心性和标签传播算法的社区检测

在复杂网络的探索过程中,关键节点的识别和社区结构的检测受到广泛关注,有助于人们更好地理解和利用复杂网络的结构特征,揭示节点之间的关系。提出库仑力中心性(CFC),并将其应用到标签传播算法(LPA)中设计了社团检测算法(CFCLPA),消除了LPA中的随机性,具有较高的社团结构识别能力。在真实网络和LFR基准网络下进行了一系列测试和比较,实验结果表明,该算法具有更优秀的社团检测性能。

水飞蓟素磷脂复合物的制备及体外溶出行为评价

目的将水飞蓟素和磷脂复合以研制水飞蓟素磷脂复合物(silymarin phospholipids complex,SM-PC),并考察其基本理化性质。方法采用溶剂挥发法制备SM-PC。通过前期的单因素考察,选择脂药比、药物浓度以及反应温度作为星点设计-效应面法的考察因素,以SM-PC的复合率为衡量指标筛选最佳研制工艺,并测定SM-PC的体外溶出度。结果SM-PC的最优制备条件如下:以丙酮为反应溶剂,水飞蓟素与大豆卵磷脂的比例为1∶1.8,反应温度56℃,反应物的浓度8.0 mg/ml。在此条件下制备3批样品得到SM-PC的复合率为(95.15±1.55)%,偏差<3%。体外溶出试验表明,SM-PC各组分在60 min的溶出接近90%,主要成分水飞蓟宾的溶出行为与市售水飞蓟素胶囊相似,远高于原料药。结论采用星点设计-效应面法成功制备SM-PC,明显提高了溶出度,为后续制剂的研究奠定基础。

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Neoarchean Metamorphic Mafic Rocks in the Wutai Complex

Neoarchean metamorphic mafic rocks in the lower and the middle Wutai Complex mainly comprise metamorphic gabbros, amphibolites and chlorite schists. They can be subdivided into three groups according to chondrite normalized REE patterns. Rocks in Group #1 are characterized by nearly flat REE patterns （Lan/Ybn=0.86-1.3）, the lowest total REEs （29-52 ppm）, and weak negative to positive Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.84-1.02）, nearly flat primitive mantle normalized patterns and strong negative Zr（Hf） anomalies. Their geochemical characteristics in REEs and trace elements are similar to those of ocean plateau tholeiite, which imply that this group of rocks can represent remnants of Archean oceanic crust derived from a mantle plume. Rocks in Group #2 are characterized by moderate total REEs （34-116 ppm）, LREE-enriched （Lan/Ybn=1.76-4.34） chondrite normalized REE patterns with weak Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.76-1.16）, and negative Nb, Ta, Zr（Hf）, Ti anomalies in the primitive mantle normalized spider diagram. The REE and trace element characteristics indicate that they represent arc magmas originating from a sub-arc mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. Rocks in Group #3 are characterized by the highest total REEs （61-192 ppm）, the strongest LREEs enrichment （Lan/Ybn=7.12-16） with slightly negative Eu anomalies （Eun/Eun=0.81-0.95） in the chondrite normalized diagram. In the primitive mantle normalized diagram, these rocks are characterized by large negative anomalies in Nb, Ta, Ti, negative to no Zr anomalies. They represent arc magmas originating from a sub-arc mantle wedge enriched in slab-derived melts. The three groups of rocks imply that the formation of the Neoarchean Wutai Complex is related to mantle plumes and island-arc interaction.

Rapid identifying high-influence nodes in complex networks

A tiny fraction of influential individuals play a critical role in the dynamics on complex systems. Identifying the influential nodes in complex networks has theoretical and practical significance. Considering the uncertainties of network scale and topology, and the timeliness of dynamic behaviors in real networks, we propose a rapid identifying method（RIM）to find the fraction of high-influential nodes. Instead of ranking all nodes, our method only aims at ranking a small number of nodes in network. We set the high-influential nodes as initial spreaders, and evaluate the performance of RIM by the susceptible-infected-recovered（SIR） model. The simulations show that in different networks, RIM performs well on rapid identifying high-influential nodes, which is verified by typical ranking methods, such as degree, closeness, betweenness,and eigenvector centrality methods.

Microfacies and Depositional Environments of Miocene Isolated Carbonate Platforms from Central Luconia, Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia

The Luconia Province-offshore Sarawak-is a key geological unit for understanding the distribution of hydrocarbon resources in Malaysia. Nevertheless, little effort has been made to address the palaeoenvironmental characteristics of the Tertiary carbonates in the key sector of Central Luconia.We study the sedimentology and petrography of core samples from a well in Central Luconia, for which thirteen microfacies have been identified reflecting different depositional settings. This is the first microfacies scheme elaborated for Luconian carbonates. Lithofacies and microfacies distribution are compatible with deposition in a reef complex, originating around a framework reef, within the euphotic zone. Sediments were deposited in environments of backreef, reef crest, and forereef. The fair weather wave base is marked by the presence of coralline red algae, foraminifera, decreasing degree of bioclast fragmentation and other microfacies features. As a result, a depositional-environmental model is constructed, depicting a reef complex built around a framework reef developed on the margin of an isolated platform. In addition, an innovative, preliminary time series analysis of facies, microfacies and depositional environment data reveal the existence of seasonal cycles in the stacking patterns of facies and microfacies.

基于超图理论的中医方剂网络药对挖掘方法

随着复杂网络研究的深入发展,利用复杂网络理论对中药药方数据进行建模分析已成为研究中药配伍规律的重要方法之一。然而,传统的“药-药”网络结构只基于“点-边”关系,无法体现方剂和中药之间的高阶交互关系,从而影响药对挖掘的准确率和效果。针对该问题,提出了一种基于超图的方药超网络建模方法来刻画方剂与中药之间的高阶关联关系,以方剂为超边、方剂中的中药为节点构建方药超网络,对比传统“药-药”网络和方药超网络的统计特性发现,方药超网络节点超度分布更加符合幂律分布特征,具有小世界和无标度特性,证明了方药超网络建模方法具有合理性和可行性;基于方药超网络提出一种融合多因素的双权重度中心性指标(double weight degree centrality,DWDC)挖掘方剂中的常见中药,引入超边属性对节点特性的影响,以网络的脆弱性和鲁棒性为依据,通过各算法之间的对比实验,验证所提出方法能够更有效筛选出方剂超网络中的常见中药;再将DWDC指标推广到二阶常见药对挖掘,提出高阶指标H-DWDC,基于真实数据集的实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地从海量数据中挖掘出常见药对。

Complex Networks: Traffic Dynamics, Network Performance, and Network Structure

This paper explores traffic dynamics and performance of complex networks. Complex networks of various structures are studied. We use node betweenness centrality, network polarization, and average path length to capture the structural characteristics of a network. Network throughput, delay, and packet loss are used as network performance measures. We investigate how internal traffic, through put, delay, and packet loss change as a function of packet generation rate, network structure, queue type, and queuing discipline through simulation. Three network states are classified. Further, our work reveals that the parameters chosen to reflect network structure, including node betweenness centrality, network polarization, and average path length, play important roles in different states of the underlying networks.

Evidential method to identify influential nodes in complex networks

Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is still an open issue. In this paper, a new comprehensive centrality mea- sure is proposed based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. The existing measures of degree centrality, betweenness centra- lity and closeness centrality are taken into consideration in the proposed method. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A novel decomposition and coordination algorithm for complex networks and its application to power grids

To analyze and control complex networks effectively, this paper puts forward a new kind of scheme, which takes control separately in each area and can achieve the network’s coordinated optimality. The proposed algorithm is made up of two parts: the first part decomposes the network into several independent areas based on community structure and decouples the information flow and control power among areas; the second part selects the center nodes from each area with the help of the control centrality index. As long as the status of center nodes is kept on a satisfactory level in each area, the whole system is under effective control. Finally, the algorithm is applied to power grids, and the simulations prove its effectiveness.