Residual tumor and central lymph node metastasis after thermal ablation of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Debate exists regarding the use of thermal ablation(TA)to treat papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC).Some studies have recommended TA as a new,ef
cient and safe technology for PTC.In this article,we report one case of a residual tumor and central lymph node metastasis(CLNM)after TA for PTC.CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old female underwent bilateral ultrasound(US)-guided radiofrequency ablation for PTC.Three months later,she was diagnosed as thyroid cancer with suspected CLNM by US and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.The subsequent fine-needle aspiration(FNA)biopsies were negative.Due to her strong personal preference,she underwent total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection.Local tissue adhesion and a difficult dissection were noted during the operation.The pathology of the frozen sections during the operation was still negative.The final pathology results of paraffin-embedded sections revealed residual tumor cells at the edge of the PTC and CLNM.CONCLUSION TA may lead to a residual tumor in patients with PTC.Follow-up using US and FNA biopsy may not be adequate to evaluate the residual tumor.TA should be carefully considered in PTC treatment.

Nonintubated thoracoscopic lobectomy plus lymph node dissection following segmentectomy for central type pulmonary masses

Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In the United States, it causes more cancer-related deaths than the next four causes （breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and pancreatic cancer） of cancer-related mortality combined （1）. About 30% of people have already progressed to stage III lung cancer and 40% to stage IV at the time they are diagnosed （2）. Although chest X-ray and sputum cytology, when applied in health check-ups, can identify some relatively small tumors, they are not able to lower the overall mortality （3）. More recently,

The Number of Lymph Nodes and Relationship with Presence of Thyroiditis and Thymic Tissue in the Central Neck Dissection Materials for Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma: Pathologic Analysis

Background: Central lymph node dissection (CLND) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) allows correct pathologic staging of lymph nodes and planning of postoperative management. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of the lymph nodes in the CLND and the relationship to presence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and thymic tissue (TT). Methods: Total thyroidectomy and CLND materials from 153 patients with PTC were included in this study. Two histopathologic features (presence of CLT and TT) were evaluated for their value in adequacy of CLND. Results: Histopathologic examination revealed CLT and TT in CLND materials in 70 (46%) and 63 (41%) patients, respectively. Total number of lymph nodes in CLND materials was significantly higher in CLT (+) and TT (+) groups (p Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that presence of CLT in thyroid gland has been associated with higher number of central lymph nodes mainly due to increased number of benign hyperplastic lymph nodes. It may be possible to conclude that upper limit of lymph nodes for satisfactory CLND would be higher to correctly evaluate central lymph node status in existing staging systems if specimens have CLT. Results of this study also show that the presence of TT in surgical materials may represent the adequacy of CLND.

Reassembly of the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier in regenerated axons of the central nervous system

Myelinated axons of the peripheral and central nervous system（PNS＆CNS）are divided into molecularly distinct excitable domains,including the axon initial segment（AIS）and nodes of Ranvier.The AIS is composed of a dense network of cytoskeletal proteins,cell adhesion molecules,and voltage gated ion channels and is located at the proximal most region of the axon（Koleand Stuart, 2012）.

Central neck compartment dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma: An update

Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy, accounting for approximatley 90% of thyroid malignancies in areas of the world without deficit of Iodine. It's universally accepted that total thyroidectomy is the minimal surgical treatment for patients with PTC higher than 1 cm. When a quality surgery is performed, the prognosis for PTC is excellent with 10 and 20-year overall survival rates around 90% and 85%, respectively. Lymph node metastases are very frequent in PTC, occurring in 50%-80% of PTC patients, the most of them being located in the central compartment of the neck(CCN) and with a high rate of occult or clinically undetectable disease. A lot of controversy exists regarding how to treat the central nodal compartment disease of PTC. The first problem is the lack of standardization of the terminology and concepts related to the CCN, which are clearly established and defined in this paper according to the most recent consensus documents of endocrine societies. This uniformity will provide a more consistent and clear communicaction between all the specialist involved in the treatment of PTC. CCN can be performed to treat patients with clinically detectable, radiologically suspected of intraoperative visualized nodal disease(this is defined as therapeutic) or when these findings are absent(also called prophylactic). Indicactions, advantages and disadvantages of both therapeutic and prophylactic CCN dissection are widely discussed and clear recommendations provided.

Evidential method to identify influential nodes in complex networks

Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is still an open issue. In this paper, a new comprehensive centrality mea- sure is proposed based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. The existing measures of degree centrality, betweenness centra- lity and closeness centrality are taken into consideration in the proposed method. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Network Invulnerability Enhancement Algorithm Based on WSN Closeness Centrality

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is an important part of the Internet of Things(IoT),which are used for information exchange and communication between smart objects.In practical applications,WSN lifecycle can be influenced by the unbalanced distribution of node centrality and excessive energy consumption,etc.In order to overcome these problems,a heterogeneous wireless sensor network model with small world characteristics is constructed to balance the centrality and enhance the invulnerability of the network.Also,a new WSN centrality measurement method and a new invulnerability measurement model are proposed based on the WSN data transmission characteristics.Simulation results show that the life cycle and data transmission volume of the network can be improved with a lower network construction cost,and the invulnerability of the network is effectively enhanced.

临床淋巴结阴性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的 探讨临床淋巴结阴性(cN0)甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)患者颈中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM)预测模型。方法 本研究纳入2015—2020年在西安交通大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科手术确诊的cN0-PTMC患者共1271例,根据手术记录和术后病理结果统计年龄、性别、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤位置、侧别、BRAFV600E基因突变、伴结节性甲状腺肿(NG)和桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)情况、腺外侵犯、被膜侵犯、颈淋巴结转移等临床病理资料,分析CLNM与各临床病理参数的相关性。结果 采用年龄45岁作为分类标准进行单因素分析。结果显示男性患者、年龄、肿瘤直径、是否伴HT、是否多灶性均与cN0-PTMC发生CLNM相关(P<0.05)。伴NG、BRAFV600E基因突变、肿瘤位置、腺外侵犯、肿瘤侧、被膜侵犯均与cN0-PTMC发生CLNM无相关性(P>0.05)。继续进行非条件Logistic回归分析,结果显示男性患者(OR=1.929,95%CI:1.465~2.541),年龄≤45岁(OR=2.581,95%CI:2.004~3.324),多灶性(OR=1.675,95%CI:1.276~2.197)是cN0-PTMC患者发生CLNM的独立危险因素;直径≤5 mm(OR=0.603,95%CI:0.463~0.785)和伴HT(OR=0.642,95%CI:0.452~0.913)是cN0-PTMC患者发生CLNM的保护因素。伴HT是cN0-PTMC患者BRAFV600E基因野生型的危险因素(OR=3.454,95%CI:1.865~6.397)。结论 男性患者、年龄≤45岁、肿瘤直径>5 mm、不伴HT、多灶性是cN0-PTMC患者发生CLNM的独立危险因素。伴HT是此类患者发生BRAFV600E基因突变的保护因素,与其他临床病理特征无相关性。

Rapid identifying high-influence nodes in complex networks

A tiny fraction of influential individuals play a critical role in the dynamics on complex systems. Identifying the influential nodes in complex networks has theoretical and practical significance. Considering the uncertainties of network scale and topology, and the timeliness of dynamic behaviors in real networks, we propose a rapid identifying method（RIM）to find the fraction of high-influential nodes. Instead of ranking all nodes, our method only aims at ranking a small number of nodes in network. We set the high-influential nodes as initial spreaders, and evaluate the performance of RIM by the susceptible-infected-recovered（SIR） model. The simulations show that in different networks, RIM performs well on rapid identifying high-influential nodes, which is verified by typical ranking methods, such as degree, closeness, betweenness,and eigenvector centrality methods.

男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌临床特点及中央区淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的分析男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌的临床特点,并探讨其发生中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法回顾分析2018年1月—2022年12月我科收治的首次手术治疗的甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者共743例,男性152例作为研究组,女性591例作为对照组,比较2组患者的临床病理资料,并使用单因素和多因素统计学方法分析男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果2组患者年龄、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤多灶性、肿瘤分布及颈侧区淋巴结转移差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),2组患者肿瘤包膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎及中央区淋巴结转移情况差异均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。单因素分析显示肿瘤最大径>5 mm、多灶、双侧分布、有包膜侵犯为男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素,二元logistic多因素回归分析显示肿瘤最大径>5 mm、包膜侵犯为男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者发生中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论相对于女性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者,男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者更易出现包膜侵犯,中央区淋巴结转移率更高。临床对于肿瘤最大径>5 mm、有包膜侵犯的男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者要尤为重视中央区淋巴结的清扫。

多模态超声在评估甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部中央区淋巴结转移中的价值

目的:评估多模态超声预测甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部中央区淋巴结转移的有效性。方法:收集110例PTMC患者的临床指标和多模态超声特征,并与颈部中央区淋巴结转移行单因素及多因素分析。结果:<42岁、男性PTMC患者更易发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移(均P<0.05);结节最大截面横径≥0.52 cm或纵径≥0.66 cm是PTMC发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移的高危因素(均P<0.01);微钙化和弹性评分≥4分的PTMC患者更易发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移(均P<0.01)。多因素分析显示,仅微钙化是PTMC颈部中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论:对结节内伴微钙化的PTMC患者,应加强颈部中央区淋巴结的术前评估和术中治疗。

空铁综合运输网络结构特征实证分析

为探究中国空铁综合运输网络结构特性,以城市为节点,若城市间有航班或高铁则连边,以航班数量和高铁数量为权重,分别建立了3个加权网络:高铁子网络、航空子网络和空铁综合运输网络。首先,通过均值关联、三角中介中心度、加权谐波中心度指标对比研究了不同网络的关键节点;其次,通过聚类系数和平均最短路径长度研究了三个网络的小世界特性;再次,通过Newman算法研究了三个网络的社团结构;最后,通过加权网络效率为指标,研究了三个网络的鲁棒性。研究结果表明,北上广深是三个网络的三种不同加权中心度的排名都很靠前,是共有的最为关键的节点。三个网络都具有小世界特性,但只有高铁子网络的模块度值大于0.3,存在明显的社团结构,并被划分为了10个社团。空铁综合运输网络具有更好的加权网络效率,约为0.32,为三个网络中最高,节点失效时的加权效率变化最小,鲁棒性最强。可见空铁综合运输网络集成了高铁网络、航空网络的互补优势,网络结构特征优于单一运输网络。

基于改进图注意力网络的油井产量预测模型

针对图注意力网络处理噪声和时序数据较弱,并且在堆叠多层后出现梯度爆炸、过平滑等问题,提出一种改进图注意力网络模型.首先,使用Squeeze-and-Excitation模块对样本输入数据的特征信息进行不同程度关注,增强模型处理噪声的能力;其次,使用多头注意力机制,将序列数据中每个序列相对其他序列进行加权求和,提取数据的时序性;再次,将图注意力网络提取的节点特征与节点的度中心性拼接,获取节点的局部特征,并用全局平均池化的方式提取节点的全局特征;最后,将两者进行融合得到节点的最终特征表示,增强模型的表征能力.为验证改进图注意力网络的有效性,将改进图注意力网络模型与LSTM,GRU和GGNN模型进行对比,实验结果表明,该模型预测效果得到有效提升,具有更高的预测精度.

单侧甲状腺乳头状癌伴同侧颈侧区淋巴结转移患者发生对侧中央区淋巴结转移的影响因素

目的探讨伴同侧颈侧区淋巴结转移(LLNM)的单侧甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者对侧中央区淋巴结(Cont-CLNs)转移的影响因素。方法选取2018年7月至2022年7月江苏省原子医学研究所附属江原医院收治的LLNM-PTC患者127例,根据其是否发生Cont-CLNs转移,分成转移组(n=68)和非转移组(n=59)。收集患者的资料,包括性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤回声、血流信号、有无微钙化、肿瘤数量、病变腺叶、结节性甲状腺囊肿、被膜侵犯、有无桥本甲状腺炎以及患侧中央区淋巴结、气管前淋巴结与喉前淋巴结转移发生率与术后并发症情况。采用二元logistic回归模型分析LLNM-PTC患者发生Cont-CLNs转移的影响因素。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验及χ^(2)检验。结果转移组男性、微钙化、多发性肿瘤、被膜侵犯占比分别为75.00%(51/68)、47.06%(32/68)、55.88%(38/68)、47.06%(32/68),高于非转移组的37.29%(22/59)、16.95%(10/59)、18.64%(11/59)、15.25%(9/59),且转移组肿瘤最大径大于非转移组(P<0.05)。转移组患侧中央区淋巴结、气管前淋巴结、喉前淋巴结转移率分别为51.47%(35/68)、44.12%(30/68)、50.00%(34/68),高于非转移组的20.34%(12/59)、15.25%(9/59)、16.95%(10/59),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元logistic回归分析显示,男性、肿瘤太大、微钙化、多发性肿瘤、被膜侵犯、患侧中央区淋巴结转移、气管前淋巴结转移、喉前淋巴结转移是患者发生Cont-CLNs转移的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论LLNM-PTC患者发生Cont-CLNs转移受多种因素影响,包括性别、肿瘤大小、微钙化、肿瘤数量、被膜侵犯以及患侧中央区、气管前、喉前的淋巴结转移,日后诊疗中需引起重视。

基于层级划分和节点特征的关键节点识别方法

关键节点识别已经成为复杂网络领域的一个重要研究范畴,但目前关键节点识别方法存在时间复杂度较高、得到的关键节点集不够准确以及节点中心性指标考虑不够充分等问题。基于此,提出一种基于层级划分和节点特征的关键节点识别框架,在该框架内,为避免选取节点初始覆盖集时效率低下的问题,提出一种基于层级划分的关键节点初始覆盖集选取方法,该方法可在线性时间内计算出初始节点覆盖集,随后通过节点中心性指标向原网络中回添节点,直到解集中的节点数满足预定义阈值数。为解决回添节点过程中易陷于局部最优解的问题,综合考虑网络拓扑结构和节点的多种属性,提出一种节点综合特征的中心性指标。对比5种初始覆盖集选取算法以及5个中心性指标,在真实网络上进行方法的应用和分析,结果表明,所提基于层级划分和节点特征的方法能够在不同类型的网络中更准确有效地识别关键节点,且该方法的鲁棒性更好,性能也优于其他方法。

多模态超声对甲状腺乳头状癌术前中央区域淋巴结转移的评估

目的评估多模态超声检查技术对预测甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)术前发生中央区域淋巴结转移(CLNM)的准确度。方法选择经手术治疗的甲状腺结节患者108例,其中男性19例,女性89例;年龄20~77岁,平均年龄47.1岁;结节大小1.0~2.6 cm,平均结节大小1.9 cm。全部病例均经病理诊断为PTC,且术前均行多模态超声检测,包括常规二维超声、超声造影(CEUS)技术和微血流成像(MFI)检测技术。按照中央区域淋巴结有无转移,将患者分为非转移组与转移组,记录两组患者的病理特点和超声波特点,分析PTC患者中出现CLNM的独立风险因子。并且绘制受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线,评估其特异度、灵敏度和准确度,并对比了各种诊断模式来评估其准确度。结果经病理诊断,CLNM 43例(39.8%)。Logistic回归分析显示二维超声下结节与被膜接触、结节直径≥0.8 cm、MFI模式下中央型血流分布模式、在CEUS模式下的结节与被膜的接触及向心性灌注等因素是导致CLNM的独立风险因子(P<0.05);多模态超声在预测CLNM风险的准确度显著优于单一的检测模式,其灵敏度、特异度、准确度依次为76.7%、81.5%、80.2%,三者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MFI、CEUS和二维超声相结合应用可以更加准确地预测PTC手术前颈部淋巴结的转移情况。

基于常规超声联合超声造影的列线图预测临床淋巴结阴性甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移

目的基于常规超声联合超声造影(CEUS)指标,构建预测临床淋巴结阴性(CN0)的甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移(CLNM)的风险概率列线图。资料与方法回顾性分析2015年9月—2022年3月于石河子大学第一附属医院行甲状腺手术及预防性颈部中央区淋巴结清扫的单发CN0 PTC 359例,根据术后病理结果分为CLNM阳性组116例与阴性组243例。记录患者性别、年龄、结节常规超声及CEUS指标,筛选出CN0 PTC发生CLNM的风险因素并构建预测模型。绘制受试者工作特征曲线并比较预测模型的曲线下面积(AUC),选取最佳预测模型构建风险概率列线图,分析列线图模型的预测效能及临床适用性。结果性别、年龄、结节最大径、被膜侵犯及CEUS强化方式为CN0 PTC发生CLNM的风险因素(P均<0.05),5个指标联合建立预测模型1的AUC为0.753,剔除CEUS指标建立预测模型2的AUC为0.704,两者AUC差异有统计学意义(Z=2.473,P=0.013)。选择预测模型1构建CN0 PTC发生CLNM的风险概率列线图,模型的C-指数为0.753,校准曲线结果表明一致性良好,临床决策曲线分析表明阈值概率为10.7%~81.5%时,列线图模型可获得较好的净收益。结论性别、年龄、结节最大径、被膜侵犯及CEUS强化方式是CN0 PTC发生CLNM的风险因素,以上指标联合建立的列线图模型可有效预测CLNM的发生概率,且CEUS指标可显著提高模型的预测效能。

无充气腋窝入路和颈前开放入路甲状腺癌根治术对甲状旁腺功能及中央区淋巴结清扫水平的影响

目的:比较无充气腋窝入路和颈前开放入路甲状腺癌根治术对甲状旁腺功能及中央区淋巴结清扫水平的影响。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年6月我院收治的80例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料,其中40例行颈前开放入路甲状腺癌根治术(开放组),40例行无充气腋窝入路甲状腺癌根治术(腋窝组),对比两组术前和术后血清全段甲状旁腺激素(siPTH)水平、血清钙水平及中央区淋巴结清扫个数。结果:两组术前siPTH和血清钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组术后siPTH水平虽有降低,但均在正常范围,两组术后血清钙均值也在正常范围,两组术后siPTH及血清钙水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。开放组中央区淋巴结清扫数量多于腋窝组(P<0.05)。结论:两种入路甲状腺癌根治术对甲状旁腺功能的影响无明显差异,但传统颈前开放入路术式较无充气腋窝入路术式对清扫中央区淋巴结更有利。

峡部甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结转移临床研究

目的:探讨峡部甲状腺乳头状癌(PTCI)中央区淋巴结转移规律及其危险因素研究,为PTCI淋巴结清扫范围提供临床依据。方法:回顾性分析2010年06月至2023年06月在山西医科大学第二医院普外科行甲状腺癌根治术治疗的538例甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)患者的临床资料,根据肿瘤位置分为PTCI组(n=62例)和单侧腺叶PTC组(n=476例),采用独立样本t检验或χ^(2)检验分析PTCI和单侧腺叶PTC患者的一般资料;进一步通过χ^(2)检验分析PTCI和单侧腺叶PTC患者中央区淋巴结转移的差异;采用多因素Logistic回归分析PTCI双侧中央区淋巴结转移的独立影响因素。利用绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)分析肿瘤大小在PTCI患者中的双侧中央区淋巴结(bilateral central lymph nodes,BCLN)转移的预测价值。结果:本研究中,PTCI组和单侧腺叶PTC组相比,在肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、包膜侵犯、多灶性方面两组有统计学差异(P<0.05);在BCLN清扫术中,PTCI组患者双侧中央区淋巴结转移率高于单侧腺叶PTC组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),单侧腺叶PTC组患者单侧中央区高于PTCI组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二元Logistic回归结果显示,峡部肿瘤大小为PTCI患者BCLN转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。采用ROC分析PTCI肿瘤大小对BCLN转移的预测价值,AUC为0.807(95%CI:0.670~0.944,P<0.05),最佳临界值(Cut-off值)为0.65 cm,敏感度和特异度分别为90.5%和65%。结论:PTCI患者的肿瘤较小、淋巴结转移率高、包膜侵犯率高、多灶性更常见,且更易出现BCLN转移;PTCI肿瘤大小是BCLN转移的独立影响因素;PTCI癌灶≥0.65 cm时,可预测BCLN转移,应行双侧中央区淋巴结清扫。

单灶cN0M0期甲状腺微小乳头状癌超声与病理测量的直径差异

目的:比较低危甲状腺微小乳头状癌(papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,PTMC)术前超声与术后病理测量的直径差异,并分析其与术后淋巴结转移的关系。方法:回顾性分析2021年4月至2022年1月在南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院甲状腺乳腺外科就诊接受甲状腺腺叶切除术或全甲状腺切除术的单灶cN0M0 PTMC病人234例,比较超声与病理测量的直径差异,并分析出现颈部中央区淋巴结转移相关的风险因素。结果:PTMC中位最大直径的超声测量结果为6.8(5.6,8.4)mm,明显大于病理测量结果5.0(4.0,7.0)mm(P=0.000)。其中,37.2%的PTMC超声与病理测量直径一致,61.1%超声评估大于病理,仅1.7%超声评估小于病理。超声与病理测量的直径之间存在线性相关,回归方程可表示如下:病理直径=0.799×超声直径-0.221。28.6%的PTMC病人存在中央区淋巴结转移。多元Logistic回归分析结果表明,病理测量直径是发生中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素(OR=17.845,95%CI:2.507~127.025,P=0.004),截断值为5.5 mm,对应的超声测量直径为7.2 mm。结论:超声与病理测量单灶cN0M0 PTMC直径差异有统计学意义,但也存在显著相关性。病理直径>5.5 mm、超声测量直径>7.2 mm,PTMC发生中央区淋巴结转移的风险增加。