Numerical analysis of loaded stress and central displacement of deep groove ball bearing

The aim of this work is to develop a three-dimensional model of deep groove ball bearing to investigate the loaded stresses and central displacements of bearing rings. The equivalent stresses and central displacements of bearing rings are obtained based on the simulated analysis. Moreover, several parameters, such as load magnitude, raceway groove curvature radius(RGCR), thicknesses of outer and inner rings, are varied to investigate their effects on the equivalent stresses and central displacements of bearing rings. Research results provide useful guidelines for determining the design parameters.

Correlation between changes of central neurotransmitter expression and stress response in mice A restraint time-course analysis

BACKGROUND： Changes in central neurotransmitter expression play an important role in stress response and forms the basis for stress-induced psychological and behavior changes. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of different restraint stress intervals on brain monoamine neurotransmitter expression, and to investigate the correlation between stress response and neurotransmitter levels. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING： Chinese Herb and Natural Medicine Institute, Pharmacological College of Jinan University. MATERIALS： Sixty 7-week-old male Kunming mice of clean grade, weighing 18-22 g, were provided by the Guangdong Medical Experimental Animal Center. The experiment was in accordance with animal ethics standards. METHODS： This study was performed at the Chinese Herb and Natural Medicine Institute, Pharmacological College of Jinan University from June 2006 to May 2007. A restraint device for mice was constructed according to published reports. Experimental mice were adaptively fed for 1 week and randomly divided into a control group （n = 10） and an experimental group （n = 50）. The experimental group was sub-divided into five restraint intervals： 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours （n = 10 mice per time point）. Animals in the experimental group were not allowed to eat or drink during the restraint period. Mice in the control group did not undergo restraint, but had identical food and water restrictions. Cerebral cortex and hypothalamus were separated based on observational times and protein was extracted using perchloric acid. Central monoamine neurotransmitter levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Levels of norepinephrine （NE）, dopamine hydrochloride （DA）, 3,4-dihydroxyphen-ylanetic acid （DOPAC）, homovanillic acid （HVA）, 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）, and 5-hydroxyindoleac-etic acid （5-HIAA） in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of mice. RESULTS： Sixty mice were included in the final analysis. ① NE levels in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and plasma： four hours after restraint, NE levels in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus ere significantly lower than control levels （P 〈 0.05）. After 12 hours of restraint, NE levels in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. At 18 hours of restraint, there was no significant difference in NE levels in the cerebral cortex between the experimental group and the control group （P 〉 0.05）. In addition, NE levels in the plasma gradually increased with longer restraint time, which was significant between experimental groups and the control group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. ② Levels of DA, DOPAC, and HVA in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus： there were significant differences in DA levels in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus after 18 and 24 hours of restraint compared to control animals （P 〈 0.05）. DOPAC and HVA levels in the cerebral cortex were enhanced with longer restraint time, and there was significant difference in all restraint groups compared to control levels （P 〈 0.01）, except for DOPAC levels after 4 hours of restraint. Moreover, DOPAC and HVA levels in the hypothalamus were enhanced with increasing restraint time. Levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus： after short restraint periods and in the control group, 5-HT was not detectable. However, it was quantitatively detected at 12 hours after restraint. The 5-HT levels in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus reached peak levels at 12 and 18 hours of restraint. 5-HIAA levels in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus showed a similar tendency to increase with restraint time- 5-HIAA levels at 4-8 hours after restraint were significantly higher than control levels （P 〈 0.01）. The 5-HIAA levels decreased at 12 hours after restraint, but remained significantly higher than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Restraint stress affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis and causes changes in monoamine neurotransmitters in brain tissues, which suggests stress status could be improved by adjusting HPA axis and neurotransmitter levels in the brain.

Secondary Stress Induced Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Bamako: Report of Two Cases

Introduction: Idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) is characterized by the buildup of fluid leading to circumscribed elevation of the retina within the posterior pole. This condition affects young people between the ages of 20 - 50 years. The disease is seen predominantly in men as compared to women. We report the cases of two (02) patients received in consultation at IOTA-Teaching Hospital between July 2019 and February 2020. Case Presentation: We report two cases of Idiopathic stress central serous chorioretinopathy. The first case is a 37-year-old man that we received in consultation for visual acuity decrease from a sudden installation for 1 hour. The clinical and paraclinical arguments permitted us to retain the diagnosis of Idiopathic stress central serous chorioretinopathy. The patient benefited from laser treatment and the clinical evolution was good. The second case is a 42-year-old man, who consulted for a sudden reduction of visual acuity that had been evolving for 3 weeks. The clinical and paraclinical contexts were in favour of the diagnosis of Idiopathic stress central serous chorioretinopathy. The patient was treated with spironolactone. The clinical evolution was favourable. Conclusion: Our study confirms the existence of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in Black African patients. Studies show the connection between CSC and stress.

Level of Stress at Nurses Working in Emergency Clinic and Central Intensive Care: University Clinical Centre of Kosovo

Background: Emergency Clinic (EC) and Central Intensive Care (CIC) are high-stress environments that directly affect the health status of nurses. Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the level of stress at nurses working in the Emergency Clinic and nurses working in the Central Intensive Care. The study included 90 nurses, 45 nurses working in Emergency Clinic and 45 nurses working in Central Intensive Care. The study applied the Emergency Nurse Stress Questionnaire as an instrument to gather the data. This questionnaire was adopted from the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire in order to serve for the function and aim of the present study. Results: Nurses’ cohort-age ranged from 20 to 62 years. The largest proportion of respondents 40 (44.4%) was in the 20 - 30 age group, 58 (64.4%) were married, 60 (66.6%) hold bachelor degree and (33.3%) were with secondary school educational level. In terms of work-related fatigue, significant difference was found in working hours, participants reported that there was a significant difference in fatigue between 12 hours shift nurses (61 ± 10.5) compared to 8 hours nurses (41 ± 23.6) with P < 0.001. Results indicated that a vast majority of participants reported moderate to high levels of stress (81% of participants). There was no significant difference in the level of stress between the two groups of participants. There were also no significant differences compared to their demographic characteristics. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the role of using and assuring adequate strategies for ensuring quality management and finding ways of facilitating the increase in the number of nursing staff in these two departments because workplace overload and fatigue are potential factors that increase nurses’ stress levels.

近五年针灸治疗纤维肌痛综合征的作用机制研究进展

针刺疗法能够有效改善纤维肌痛综合征(FM)患者的相关症状,疗效确切、安全无毒副作用,已广泛应用于临床。作者查阅近五年来国内外有关针刺治疗FM的文献,发现针刺可通过中枢和外周多靶点、多层次发挥双向调节作用,其作用机制主要集中在调控痛觉中枢敏化、抑制炎症反应、对抗氧化应激及调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能等方面。文章归纳总结了针刺治疗FM的潜在作用机制,为临床研究提供一定的参考,为针刺治疗FM提出更优化的治疗方案。

氧化应激和免疫浸润在特发性肺纤维化中的作用及中药防治研究

目的:探索氧化应激和免疫浸润在特发性肺纤维化(IPF)中的作用及关系,并预测相关治疗中药及有效成分。方法:从GEO数据库下载GSE10667基因表达谱获取差异表达基因,结合氧化应激基因鉴定氧化应激差异表达基因(DEOSGs)。采用GSEA评价IPF中的通路及生物过程,并对DEOSGs进行GO、KEGG及PPI网络分析。通过PPI结果和CytoHubba得到候选中心基因,将GSE110147作为独立组验证确定中心基因;此外,利用CIBERSORTF评估样品的免疫微环境,并探讨中心基因水平与免疫细胞相对比例间的相关性;最后,通过中心基因预测治疗中药及有效成分,并进行分子对接验证。结果:共得到51个DEOSGs,4个中心基因(ICAM-1、APOE、MMP-1、TGF-β2);DEOSGs主要与氧化应激、免疫反应等有关;4个中心基因水平与8个免疫细胞相对比例密切相关;治疗中药有黄芪、川芎等4味,有效成分包括β-胡萝卜素等8种,分子对接结果稳定。结论:IPF中存在氧化应激与免疫反应,且氧化应激可能被免疫细胞识别或直接激活免疫细胞。

希腊克里特MW6.0地震后的应力方向变化与强余震发生

地震的震源机制是地壳应力变化的指示器,而地壳应力变化与强震的发生直接相关。前人研究了地震震源机制变化在视应力较高的走滑型大震前的应力变化过程,而未见到震源机制变化对视应力较低的正断型大震发生的指示作用的研究。文章以2021年希腊克里特M W6.0正断型地震序列为例,通过计算地震序列震源机制解与区域应力场方向之间最小空间旋转角的变化,揭示应力变化与强震发生的关系。为保证震源机制解的准确性,采用多家机构确定的震源机制得到中心震源机制作为该地震的震源机制,而后采用该地震序列精确的震源机制求解当地应力场,最后计算地震震源机制与主震震源机制及与所估计的地壳应力场方向的空间旋转角随时间的变化,探索强震发生与应力场变化的关系。结果表明:在主震发生的短期内,余震震源机制与该区域应力场方向的空间旋转角较大,与其后小震级的弱地震活动对应;随后余震震源机制与应力场方向的空间旋转角减小,对应后面发生的3次M W>5.0的强余震,在此之后的长时间内余震震源机制和应力场方向的空间旋转角再次增大,对应的余震震级及频度皆明显下降。文章以2021年希腊克里特M W6.0地震序列为例,发现视应力较低的正断型地震前也存在应力方向集中现象,为探索地震应力前兆提供了范例。

2023年山东平原M 5.5地震对周围区域的应力影响

为深度剖析2023年山东平原M 5.5地震对周围区域的影响,首先结合不同震源机制结果确定了本次地震的震源机制中心解:节面Ⅰ走向124.02°、倾角72.37°、滑动角-19.54°,节面Ⅱ走向220.16°、倾角71.41°、滑动角-161.36°,该地震的震源机制与当地的应力场较为符合,是在当地构造应力场作用下的一次正常能量释放,并且节面Ⅱ的相对剪应力和正应力的结果比节面Ⅰ更容易破裂,再结合该地震断层走向判断节面Ⅱ为本次地震的发震断层面。然后基于本次地震的破裂模型及均匀弹性半空间模型,计算此次地震对周围地区产生的地表同震位移场及水平应变场,发现震中北侧和南侧的物质向外涌出,而西侧的物质涌入震中,在发震断层附近呈现明显的走滑机制;震中南北两侧隆升,西侧沉降;震中西侧的面应变分布呈现压缩,南北侧呈现伸张。最后计算该地震在周围主要活动断层上产生的库伦应力变化,结果表明平原M 5.5地震对沧东断裂北段、聊城—兰考断裂北段、高唐断裂、徐黑西断裂和埕西—丰二庄断裂的库伦应力变化不明显,对齐河—广饶断裂西段和临邑断裂的最大应力卸载量达到了千Pa量级,对夏口断裂和陵县—阳信断裂的库伦应力最大增加量达到百Pa量级,对沧东断裂中段的库伦应力最大增加量和卸载量均达到千Pa量级,应注意沧东断裂中段库伦应力变化较高区域的地震活动性。

一维六方准晶非周期平面内中心开口裂纹的平面热弹性问题

考虑裂纹内部介质的热传导率,研究了一维六方准晶非周期平面内含中心开口裂纹的平面热弹性问题.利用Fourier积分变换技术,得到了热应力、裂纹尖端处的热应力强度因子和应变能密度因子的封闭解.数值结果讨论了裂纹内部介质的热传导率、外载荷及声子场-相位子场耦合系数对热应力强度因子和应变能密度因子的影响.结果表明,声子场-相位子场耦合系数对裂纹扩展影响较大.当声子场载荷较小或热流密度较大时,裂纹不易扩展,热流密度在裂纹尖端处会出现集中热效应.随着裂纹内部介质热传导率的增大,热流密度逐渐增加而热应力强度因子逐渐减小.该文所得结果为准晶热力学性质的实际应用提供了理论依据,进而可用于优化准晶元器件的设计和制备.

缅甸中部印缅山脉-中央盆地的孕震构造环境

缅甸作为全球受地震灾害影响甚为严重的国家之一,因缺乏区域地震观测资料,对其孕震构造环境的详细分析研究十分不足.本文利用中缅联合地球物理探测(CMGSMO)项目在缅甸布设的密集宽频带地震台阵观测数据,对印缅山脉至中央盆地的地震活动特征进行了分析.基于改进的剪切-粘贴法(generalized Cut And Paste,gCAP)新获得了28个ML3.0~5.0地震事件的震源机制解等震源参数信息,并结合全球矩心矩张量(Global Centroid Moment Tensor,GCMT)目录及其他已发表的震源机制解资料,应用区域阻尼应力场反演算法得到了研究区的应力分布状态,综合探讨了研究区域深浅部构造关系及孕震机制.研究表明印度板块持续的斜向俯冲控制着印缅山脉和中央盆地的地震活动,但其影响向东逐渐减弱,浅部最大主应力方向的变化可能反映的是局部应力集中或者是相对短时间内的应力调整,不同区域的地震活动差异主要受区域构造及其浅部断层的影响,中央盆地下方的两个邻区之间的最大主应力轴的偏转可能与深部活动相关.

高速公路中央分隔带绿化植物对干旱胁迫的生理响应和抗旱性评价

以蜀桧、石楠、龙柏、紫叶李、圆柏五种植物为试验材料,采用盆栽控水法研究干旱胁迫对植物形态和生理生化指标的影响,应用主成分分析法、隶属函数法综合评价五种绿化植物的抗旱能力。结果表明:五种植物抗旱性由强到弱排序:蜀桧>圆柏>龙柏>石楠>紫叶李,研究结果可以为高速公路中央分隔带绿化植物栽植和养护提供依据。

久坐间断对成年人血管功能的急性影响与调节因素:荟萃分析

目的:持续性地久坐行为会急性降低外周与中枢血管功能,进而加剧罹患心血管疾病风险。久坐间断可能是预防持续久坐对血管功能危害的潜在实用策略,但目前关于其急性功效的已有研究结论并不一致,也尚未得出具体的应用建议。文章旨在对久坐间断对成人外周与中枢血管功能的急性影响进行荟萃分析,并探究其调节因素。方法:基于PRISMA报告规范,以“interrupting”“sedentary”与“vascular function”等为文献检索特征词,于2024年3月检索Web of Science核心合集、PubMed和中国知网数据库。纳入久坐间断对成人外周与中枢血管功能的急性影响的急性随机交叉试验文献。基于Cochrane开发的Risk of Bias 2评估偏倚风险,并基于GRADE系统评价证据等级。使用R语言(版本4.2.0)中的“meta”与“metafor”包进行主效应合并(Hedge’s g作为效应量指标)、发表偏倚检验、亚组与回归分析。结果:纳入22篇随机交叉试验,共364例受试者(年龄21-70岁)。相比于持续不间断久坐,久坐间断急性提升外周血管血流量(Hedge’s g=0.48,95%CI:0.14-0.82,P<0.01,I2=63%,低证据等级)、剪切应力(Hedge’s g=0.65,95%CI:0.37-0.93,P<0.01,I^(2)=54%,中等证据等级)与血流介导的血管舒张功能(Hedge’s g=0.43,95%CI:0.15-0.72,P<0.01,I2=61%,中等证据等级)。疾病(亚组间P=0.01)与性别(亚组间P=0.01)对血流量的主效应合并有显著调节作用(亚组间P=0.01),间断方式(亚组间P=0.01)与频率(亚组间P=0.02)对剪切应力的主效应合并有显著调节作用。久坐间断改善外周血管剪切应力受年龄(β=-0.02,95%CI:-0.03-0.01,P=0.09)与体质量指数(β=-0.10,95%CI:-0.18至-0.02,P<0.01)影响。久坐间断改善血流介导的血管舒张功能受总间断次数(β=-0.09,95%CI:-0.17至-0.01,P=0.03)与试验期间久坐控制时长影响(β=-0.21,-0.34至-0.09,P<0.01);每增加1 h久坐时长与久坐间断对血流介导的血管舒张功能的急性提升效果降低0.67%相关(P<0.01),当久坐控制时间>6 h时,久坐间断的急性收益消失。定性系统综述发现,久坐间断对各类人群血管脉搏波速度无显著影响,但可能预防老年人因持续久坐引起的中枢血管功能下降。结论:久坐间断急性提升成人外周血管血流量(低证据强度)、剪切应力(中证据强度)与血流介导的血管舒张功能(中证据强度),并可能预防、保护老年人因持续久坐引起的中枢血管功能下降(非常低证据等级)。受试者特征(疾病因素、性别、年龄与体质量指数)、间断干预方案(方式、频率、总间断次数)与久坐控制时长均会影响久坐间断对血管功能的急性改善效果。建议各类成人通过爬楼等大肌肉群参与的运动方式,以较高频率(如,每40 min进行1次)进行单次至少5 min的中低强度运动间断久坐,且每日持续久坐的累积时长不要超过6 h。

刮板输送机关键零部件的结构优化

刮板输送机是煤矿开采的关键设备之一,其性能优劣直接影响到相关设备的稳定性。为了提高采煤设备的可靠性,对刮板输送机关键零部件进行分析,主要以中部槽为研究对象,研究了其主要结构,使用Creo建立了三维模型,并对推溜工况下的中部槽受力进行了分析,基于ANSYS有限元分析结果优化了中部槽的结构,并通过仿真应力云图验证了该结构的可靠性与强度。

从脑论慢性疲劳综合征的发病机制

慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)作为一组症候群,其特点是身体因长期的疲劳而引起的严重机能失调。对于其发病的具体原因尚未解,发病机制复杂,经过多年的研究探讨,发现该病的发生发展与病毒感染、神经内分泌、应激、免疫与遗传等因素关系密切。本文以大脑为着眼点,将从大脑结构功能的改变、应激反应和中枢神经递质的水平变化与CFS的关系等几个方面来探讨CFS发病与脑相关的作用机制的研究,经分析整合后,阐明CFS的发病与大脑的关系,为今后深入研究CFS发病机制提供新的切入点。

Oxytocin and Stress Response

In response to a stressful unexpected experience, the brain activates a complex stress system that involves the organism in an adaptive response to the threatening situation. This stress system acts on several peripheral tissues and feeds back to the brain. One of its key players is oxytocin hormone. The neuropeptide, oxytocin (OT), has well-established roles during parturition and lactation. In addition to its peripheral actions, OT is released within multiple areas of the brain and influences behavioural and neuroendocrine responses to stress. Several studies suggest that oxytocin is implicated in the central control of responses to stress through modulation of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH). Intranasal OT application was associated with an inhibitory effect on adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion and subsequent impairment of corticosterone secretion. This may be of importance for understanding and perhaps suggesting its utility to buffer stress. Synthesis and release of OT depend to a great extent on steroid hormones particularly on estradiol and corticosterone. Estrogens stimulate synthesis and release of OT and increase the number of OT receptors in some areas of the brain. However, the role of OT in mediating stress is variable and may also depend on gender and on external factors.

滇中引水工程隧洞衬砌施工期温控措施

隧洞衬砌混凝土属于典型的薄壁大体积混凝土,衬砌采用泵送混凝土、水化温升高,围岩约束大,衬砌易产生温度裂缝。为探究合理的隧洞衬砌施工期温控措施,采用三维有限元软件,考虑围岩和衬砌接触,开展了滇中引水工程某隧洞混凝土典型衬砌段施工期的温度场和温度应力场分布规律分析。结合现场监测数据,反馈分析了衬砌段表面保温系数为16.7 kJ/(m 2·h·℃)。研究了不同的浇筑温度、浇筑段长度、浇筑季节、混凝土自生体积变形特性对混凝土衬砌温度应力场的影响。结果显示:浇筑温度越高温度应力越大,浇筑温度每升高4℃,最小抗裂安全度降低0.30;高温季节浇筑最大应力较大,甚至>3.5 MPa;衬砌结构应采用合适的分段长度;采用微膨胀混凝土有利于抗裂。研究成果可为滇中引水工程隧洞衬砌混凝土温控施工提供参考。

Stress concentration factor expression for tension strip with eccentric elliptical hole

Two explicit expressions of the stress concentration factor for a tension finite-width strip with a central elliptical hole and an eccentric elliptical hole, respectively, are formulated by using a semi-analytical and semi-empiricai method. Accuracy of the results obtained from these expressions is better, and application scope is wider, than the results of Durelli＇s photo-elastic experiment and Isida＇s formula. When eccentricity of the elliptical hole is within a certain range, the error is less than 8%. Based on the relation between the stress concentration factor and the stress intensity factor, a stress intensity factor expression for tension strips with a center or an eccentric crack is derived with the obtained stress concentration factor expressions. Compared with the existing formulae and the finite element analysis, this stress intensity factor expression also has sufficient accuracy.

三甲基氯化锡中枢神经毒性机制及防治研究进展

三甲基氯化锡(trimethyltin chloride,TMT)是聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride,PVC)塑料制品合成过程中所产生的一种剧毒副产物。它具有选择性中枢神经毒性作用,主要表现为诱导人和动物边缘神经系统的神经元死亡,尤其是海马神经元。TMT中毒后会出现癫痫、腹泻及学习记忆功能障碍等多种临床表现,严重者甚至出现昏迷或死亡。为了提高对TMT中枢神经毒性的认识,现对TMT中枢神经毒性的分子机制及治疗药物的研究进展进行综述,旨在为TMT中枢神经毒性的预防或治疗提供新的研究思路。

滇中引水工程倒虹吸钢管应用Q460钢的水压试验研究

结合滇中引水工程某倒虹吸钢管的实际,采用1∶1大比尺结构模型试验,研究了Q460C高强钢应用于水利水电行业大直径输水钢管时的受力状态及极限承载能力,得到水压试验模型从加压到最后爆破整个过程中钢管应力、位移的变化规律。模型试验测试结果表明,在水压试验压力2.82 MPa之前,钢管应力/应变~压力、位移~压力曲线呈现良好的线性关系,且其最大应力均小于Q460C钢材在水压试验工况下的允许应力,说明压力钢管处于弹性工作状态,结构能够满足强度设计要求。模型爆破时最大压力为7.50 MPa,是设计压力2.26 MPa的3.3倍,且产生了很大的塑性变形,说明Q460C钢制成的压力钢管具有很好的韧性和足够的安全裕量,可以应用于滇中引水工程或类似工程的倒虹吸钢管结构。

2022年墨西哥米却肯州7.6级地震序列的触发关系及发震动力学探讨

2022年9月19日墨西哥米却肯州发生M_(W)7.6地震,该地震位于北美板块与科科斯板块交汇处。为进一步研究本次地震对周围断层和后续地震的影响,剖析该地震的孕震背景和发生条件,首先使用包括USGS在内的多个国外地震机构得到的墨西哥M_(W)7.6地震以及后续的两次M_(W)>5.0地震的震源机制解,分别计算出震源机制中心解,然后通过计算主震产生库伦破裂应力变化来研究本次地震对后续两次地震的触发作用,最后收集了1976年1月1日至2022年5月31日发生在本次地震附近的M_(W)≥4.9的29条震源机制解数据,反演该地区的构造应力场,并模拟在局部构造及其作用下产生的各种断层形状及相对正应力和剪应力的分布情况。研究结果表明:①震源机制中心解表明主震和6.8级余震为逆冲型地震,而5.8级余震的震源机制为正断型地震;②本次地震对5.8级和6.8级余震的库伦破裂力变化均超过0.01MPa的阈值,表明这两次强余震可能是在主震的触发下发生的;③震源区应力场的主压应力轴为NNE-SSW向,主张应力轴近乎垂直。本地震序列的断层破裂近乎沿应力场的最大剪应力平面发生,最大限度地释放了构造运动积累的应力。